第三章误差的合成与分配

1、nxxxfy,21nxxx,21nndxxfdxxfdxxfdy2211nxxx,21nnxxfxxfxxfy2211), 2 , 1(nixfaiinnxaxaxay2211nnxaxaxay2211ianxxxf,sin21nnxxfxxfxxf2211sindd cos)(sincos)(sinddcos)(sinniiinnxxfxxfxxfxxf12211cos1cos1则：nxxxf,cos21niiixxf1sin1nxxxf,tan21niiixxf12cosnxxxf,cot21niiixxf12sinnxxxfy,21NkxxxxkNkkk, 2 , 1,:21nNnnnN

2、Nxxxxxxxxxxxx,:,:,:21222212112111nknkkkxxfxxfxxfy2211nNnNNNnnnnxxfxxfxxfyxxfxxfxxfyxxfxxfxxfy22112222121212121111jkikjnjiinknkkkxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfy1222222212122jNiNjnjiinNnNNNjijnjiinnjijnjiinnxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfyxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfyxxxfxfxxfxxfxxfy122222221212221222222222122122111212221222112121222bcacabcbacb

3、acbacba222)(2)()(222222 njiNmjmimjinNnnnNNNxxxfxfxxxxfxxxxfxxxxfyyy1122221222222221222121221121222212NNii12njiNmjmimjixnnxxyNxxxfxfxfxfxf11222222212122NxxKNmjmimij1xjxiijijKxjxiijijK1则：njixjxiijjixnnxxyxfxfxfxfxf1222222212122), 2 , 1(nixfaii01NxxKNmjmimij0ij则：22222221212xnnxxyxfxfxf2222222121xnnxxyx

4、fxfxfiiaxf2222222121xnnxxyaaanxxxy211ia22221xnxxy2lim2lim2limlim21nxxxy2lim22lim222lim21lim21nxnxxyaaa:,sin21nxxxf:,cos21nxxxf:,tan21nxxxf2222222121cos1xnnxxxfxfxf2222222121sin1xnnxxxfxfxf22222221212cosxnnxxxfxfxf:,cot21nxxxf22222221212sinxnnxxxfxfxf时：当0ij2222222121xnnxxyaaa时：当1ijxnnxxnjixjxijixnnxx

5、yaaaaaaaa2211122222221212K之间的协方差与误差K的标准差与误差,11相关系数取值范围：10011100115 . 05 . 0n4n1n2n3ABii, 432131,cosnnnnnnnnii,。、iiiiii的均值分别为22ba0, 10, 1aannxxfxxfxxfy2211njixjxiijjixnnxxyxfxfxfxfxf1222222212122Kq,21q,21qjijijiijqiiiaaa112220ijqijia12)(q,21qjijijiijqiiiaaa1122)(qitiii, 2 , 1,iitttqjijijiijqiiiaaat11

6、22)(qjijjiijiijqiiiittaatat1122)(时：ttttq21qjijijiijqiiiaaa1122)(:0时ijqiiia12)(r,21r,21riii1ie),(iiee 对某一个砝码，一经检定完成其修正值已确定不对某一个砝码，一经检定完成其修正值已确定不变，由检定方法引入的误差也就被确定下来了，其值变，由检定方法引入的误差也就被确定下来了，其值为检定方法引入的极限误差范围内的一个随机值。使为检定方法引入的极限误差范围内的一个随机值。使用这个砝码进行多次重复测量时，由检定方法引入的用这个砝码进行多次重复测量时，由检定方法引入的误差则为恒定值而不具有抵偿性。但这一误

7、差的具体误差则为恒定值而不具有抵偿性。但这一误差的具体数值又未掌握，而只知其极限范围，因此属未定系统数值又未掌握，而只知其极限范围，因此属未定系统误差。误差。iuiiiutesuuu,21s,21sjijijiijsiiiuuaauu11220ijsiiiuau12)(siuteiii, 2 , 1,tuesjijijiijsiiiuuaauate1122)(sjijjiijiijsiiiiteteaateate1122)(0ijsiiieae12qsreee,212121 qiiisiiiriiRttet12121)()(总qiisiiriie12121总qiisiie1212总qiisiine12121总qsuuu,2121qiisiiRu1212qiisiiu1212qiisiinu121212222122222221212222222121nnnnnyDDDxfxfxfiDiiii