高一英语定语从句讲解和习题和易错题

1、定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句 ：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；如：do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now.that is the house where he lived ten years ago.引导词：关系词关系代词有： that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引导词的作用：二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法：1作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如：he is t

2、he man who/that lives next door.the train which/that has just left is for shenzhen. 2作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如：the man whom/who/that we have just seen is a famous writer. where is the book which/that i bought last week.注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用 whom, 不行省略；用于指物的关系代词whic

3、h 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略；3作定语用 whose, 如：(a) he is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) it was a meeting whose importance i did not realize at that time.注：“whose 名+ 词中心词 ”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 （如上 a 句），又能作宾语（如上 b 句）；whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指详细事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是： “名词+of which ”，如：

4、they came to a house whose back wall had broken down. = the back wall of whichhe s written a book the name of which i ve completely forgotten. = whose name 4作表语只用 that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但经常省略；如：he is no longer the man that he used to be.this is no longer the dirty place that it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：1 w

5、hen 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning, night, week, year 等；如：i still remember the time when i first became a college student. do you know the date when lincoln was born.注： when 经常可以省略，特殊是在某些句型和某些时间状语中；如：each time he came, he did his best to help us.but help never stopped coming from the day sh

6、e fell ill.2where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语；它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等，如：this is the hotel where they are staying.i forget the house where the smiths lived.注： where 有时也可以省略；如：this is the place where we met yesterday.3 why 指缘由或理由，它的先行词只有reason；如： that is the reason why he is

7、 leaving so soon.注： why 经常也可以省略；如：that is the real reason he did it.三 使用关系副词应留意以下几点： 1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于肯定的介词+which 结构：when = on in, at, during + which; where = in at, on + which;why = for which.如：i was in beijing on the day when =on which he arrived. the office where =in which he works is on the third

8、 floor. this is the chief reason why =for which we did it.2当先行词是表时间的time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，肯定要留意分析从句的结构，假如缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应当用which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或 where，试比较：i ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.i ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summe

9、r. his father works in a factory where radio parts are made.his father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；而why只能引导限制性定语从句； 三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情形，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系特别亲密，不行用逗号隔开，也不行省略，否就全句意义就不完整；如：this is the telegram which he refers to.

10、 is there anything that i can do for you.2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，假如省略， 原句的意义仍旧完整；这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开；如：this note was left by tom, who was here a moment ago.as a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, wh

11、en 和 where，不行以用 that 和why；另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简洁句来表达；如：i told the story to john, who later did it to his brother.= i told the story to john, and he later told it to his brother.yesterday i happened to see john, who was eager to have a talk with you.= yesterday i happ

12、ened to see john and he was eager to have a talk with you.3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯独性，这在懂得和翻译时应特殊留意；试比较：all the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. all the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.his brother, who is eight

13、een years old, is a pla man.（只有一个）his brother who is a pla man is eighteen years old.（不止一个） 4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采纳 which 或 as来引导；如：he passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.注：（1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后；they are hollow, which makes them very light. as is kno

14、wn to all, taiwan is a part of china.（2）从意义上讲， which 指前面主句的内容；而as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成 “就象那样”；（3）假如定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，就用which，而 不用 as，如：she stole her friend s money, which was disgraceful. he tore up my photo, which upset me.5在正式文体中，以the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which 或 that 引导，如：the way in which

15、you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which 或 that : the way in which he spoke to us was suspicious.i don t like the way that you laugh at her.四关系词的挑选1在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人， which 指物；关系代词做宾语，常用 whom（口语中有时用who）指人， which 指物，它们都不能用that 代替； 2关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，仍是在非限制性定语从句

16、中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人， which 指物；但假如介词后置，就不受这种限制，关系代词仍可以省去， 特殊是在口语中；如 ：do you know the boy to whom she was talking. do you know the boy that she was talking to.the pencil which/that he was writing with suddenly broke. 3在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which 或 that，二者常可以互换；但在以下情形中，只能用that，不用 which： 1 当先行词是 all,

17、a lot, a little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing 等词时；如：all that can be done has been done.in this factory i saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被 all, any no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时；如： we heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所

18、修饰时；如：the first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.when people talk about hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the westlake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：is that the best that you can do.that s the most expensive hotel that we ve ever stayed in. this novel is t

19、he second best one that i have ever read.(5) 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时；如：this is the very book that i want to find.(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时；如：the guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the childrenshe described in her compositions the peopl

20、e and places that impressed her most.(7) 当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时；如：which is the car that killed the boy.4. 在定语从句中， 当先行词指人时， 关系词可用 whom或 that，二者常可互换； 但在以下情形中， 用 whom，而不用 that：1 当先行词是 one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时；如：is there anyone who can answer this q

21、uestion.he was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：youre the one that knows where to go.(2) 当先行词是 he, they, those, people, perso等n词时；如：he who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用

22、he that；如：he that promises too much means nothing.(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时；如：do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting.(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，如先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用whom；如： a new master will came tomorrow who will teach you german.there s only one student in the school who/whom

23、i wanted to see.i was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，其次个定语从句常用whom来引导，如： she is the only girl i know who can play the guitar.5. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在以下情形中，一般用关系词that:(1) 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时；如： who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there. which of u

24、s that knows anything does not know this.(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时；如：he is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3) 当先行词被 the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时；如： she is the only person that understands me.6. 当先行词被 the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用 that；在表示详细事物时，有时两者有肯定的区分；一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that；如：this i

25、s the same instrument that i used yesterday这.就是我昨天用过的那台仪器；this is the same instrument as i used yesterday这.台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样；在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有肯定区分的，所以两个词可换用：i have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要留意的是：（1）使用 as 时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that 时，定语从句中的动词不行省略；如：women received the same pay as men.women

26、received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“ the sameth结at构”中， that 只是用来加强语气， 强调“相同”；that 可以省去而不转变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去；如：this is the same instrument that i used yesterday.= this is the same instrument i used yesterday.= this is the instrument i used yesterday.但在“the samea结s”构中， same和 as都不能省略；(3)

27、当“ the sameth结at构”中的 that 作为关系副词用时，不行以直接与as 互换；如： he lives in the same building that i live.= he lives in the same building as / that i live in. shall we meet at the same place that we last met.= shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at.7. 当先行词前有 such, so, as时，关系词应当用 as；如：a wise man

28、seldom talks about such things as he doesn t understand.he spoke in such easy english as everybody could understand.at this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can. it is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.let s discuss such things as we can talk

29、of freely.定语从句常见错误分析i. 句子结构错误；1.昨天王老师上了一节特别生动而好玩的课；误： yesterday mr wang taught the lesson was very lively and interesting.2.你上个月从图书馆借的那本书仍了吗？误： have you returned me the book you borrowed it from the library last month.3.我永久也不会遗忘我在那儿生活了八年的村庄；误： i'll never forget the village where i once worked th

30、ere for eight years.ii. 介词错误1.你们住的那个房间太小了；误： the room which you are living is too small.2.你能借给我你们刚才谈论到的那本书吗？误： can you lend me the book about that you were talking just now.3.我问他去过的城市中哪个城市的人口最多；误： i asked which of the cities that he had been had the largest population.iii. 挑选关系词1.那幢红色屋顶的房子是去年夏天建的；误：

31、 the building which roof is red was built last summer.2.你熟悉那个我想他可能教我们英语的老师吗？误： do you know the teacher whom i think will come to teach us english.3.你指的是去年我们参观的那所学校吗？误： do you mean the school where we visited last year.4.这是我所看到过的最好的一部电影；误： this is the best film which i have ever seen.5.我没有告知她真情，这使我心里

32、很担心；误： i didn't tell her the truth,that made me uneasy.6.现在你所要做的一切就是好好休息；误： all what you should do now is to take a good rest.iv.一样关系1.他是昨天受老师夸奖的同学之一；误： he is one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.2.他这次考试不及格，这证明他学习不够刻苦；误： he failed in the exam,which prove that he hadn'

33、t worked hard enough at his lessons.3.他们已将全部属于我的东西归仍给我；误： they have returned me all that belong to me.v. as 用作关系代词引导定语从句1.我从来仍没有听过象他讲的这么好玩的故事；误： i had never heard such an interesting story like he told.2.正如老师所说的，我们应当通过讲英语学习讲英语；误： as the teacher said that we should learn to speak english by speaking

34、it.3.学一们外语，正如他们所学的，不是一件简洁的事；误： to learn a foreign language,as they learned,was not an easy job.改正以下句子中的错误：1. that's all what dr wang said at the meeting yesterday. 2.there is nothing in the world which can change my mind.3.i met a former student i like him very much when he studied at our school

35、.4. the sun heats the earth,which make it possible for plants to grow.5. have you ever heard of such a clever boy like john. 6.people who has eyes can sometimes act just as foolishly as the blind men.7. as everyone knows that he was able to help people with their personal affairs.8. the camera which

36、 i took my best photos belonged to my father. 9.our engines and machines,most of that have wheels,are unlike anything in nature.10.the day that they were to leave for america was coming.特殊结构定语从句点击1. these houses are sold at such a low price people expected.a. like b. as c. that d. which2. i've n

37、ever heard so interesting a story you told me.a. as b. that c. of whichd. about which3. i've seen the same film you saw yesterday.a. that b. which c. as d. like4. i'll buy the same coat you wear.a. that b. which c. as d. like5. he made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to scie

38、nce.a. which i think isb. which i think it isc. which i think itd. i think is6. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.a. it b. as c. that d. what7. this is the first time he has been here.a. that b. when c. at which d. which8. i don't like you speak to her.a. t

39、he way b. they way in that c. the way which d. the way of which定语从句专项练习题1. there are three bedrooms in the house, is mary's. a the smallestof whichb the smaller of whichc the smallest of themd the smallest one2. the greens will move into the new house next monday, it will be completely finished.

40、 a by the timeb by which timec by that timed by this time3. alice has a large collection of phone, was taken in london.a none of themb no one of whichc all of whichd none of which4. with the fast development of agriculture, the people village i taught before lived a happy life. a whob whosec in whos

41、ed in which5. there is a moutain the top is always covered with snow. a whoseb ofwhichc it'sd that6. she may have missed her train, in case she won't arrive for another hour. a whatb thatc whichd this7.1i have three children,and two of are doctors. 2i have three children, two of are doctors.

42、8.there two thousand students in our school, are girls.a two-thirds in whichb two-thirds in themc two-thirds of themd of whom two thirdsi. have bought two ballpens, writes well.a neither of themb none of themc neither of whichd none of which 1this is the best factory we visited last year .a. where b

43、. which c. in which d. that2. is this the factory computers are built .a. that b. which c. in which d. in that3. please pass me the dictionary cover is red .a. whoseb.itsc. which d. which of 4.the man has arrived .a. whom i told you b. that i told youc. whom i told you about him d. i told you about5

44、. do you know the comrade we are talking .a. to whom b. to who c. whom d. to that6. they visited the house the great writer was born .a. from where b. in which c. which d. in where7. the comrade is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .a. whom b. which c. who d. whose8. he asked us to watch careful

45、ly everything he did in class .a. who b. that c. what d. where9. ill visit the professor tomorrow , he will be back from shanghai .a. who b. thatc. when d. which 10.the school i study is a new one .a. on which b. at where c. on that d. at which11. china has many islands, the largest is taiwan .a. in

46、 which b. at which c. which d. of which12. the city my mother grew up is not far from here .a. whatb. where c. that d. which13. our teacher lives in the house door faces to the north .a. which b. his c. that d. whose14. do you know the man your father nodded .a. whom b. to whom c. to who d. about wh

47、om 15.wrestling is a sport in people easily get hurt .a. that b. when c. which d. what16. i told you i know .a. all that b. all which c. all what d. all whom 17.china has a lot of famous writers ,one is lu xun .a. of which b. of whom c. of who d. of them18. is this factory we visited last year .a. i

48、n which b. around that c. whom d. the one19. who is the man was there .a. who b. which c. that d. whom20. is there anything i can do for you, sir .a. that b. which c. whose d. who21. i still remember the day she first wore that green dress .a. which b. in which c. on that d. on which22. the knife we

49、 used to cut the bread is very sharp .a. with whichb. with it c. with that d. which23. the games the young men competed in were difficult .a.in which b. which c. it d. who24. it rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.a. thatb. whichc. asd. it25. george mallory was an english school teacher loved climbing.a. whob.whomc. hed. which历届高考英语单项挑选题定语从句精选26. his parents wouldnt let him marry anyone family was poor. a.of whomb.whomc.of whosed.whose27. she heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her