比较等级和比较结构

1、比较等级和比较结构比较等级和比较结构 原级：原级： Positive DegreePositive Degree 比较级：比较级：Comparative DegreeComparative Degree 最高级：最高级：Superlative DegreeSuperlative Degree形容词比较级和最高级的规则形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式：形式：1. 1.“综合形式综合形式”：由：由原级后加后缀原级后加后缀 erer 和和 estest 构成构成 kind kind kinder kinder kindest kindest2.2.“分析形式分析形式”：在：在原级之前加原级之前加mor

2、emore和和mostmost构成构成 difficult more difficult most difficult difficult more difficult most difficult副词的比较级和最高级的规则形式的构成与形容词的副词的比较级和最高级的规则形式的构成与形容词的比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节副词通常采用综合比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节副词通常采用综合形式形式。以。以 ly ly 结尾的副词以及某些频度副词则多采用结尾的副词以及某些频度副词则多采用分析形式。分析形式。 形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构（Co

3、mparative ConstructionComparative Construction）。英语比较结构主要的有三种：）。英语比较结构主要的有三种：asasasas结构，结构，morethanmorethan结构和结构和the mostthe most结构。英语中有几结构。英语中有几个不定限定词和不定代词也有原级、比较级和最高级。它们个不定限定词和不定代词也有原级、比较级和最高级。它们是是many / muchmany / much，moremore，mostmost；fewfew，fewerfewer，fewestfewest；littlelittle，lessless，leastlea

4、st。它们用在句中也能形成比较结构。它们用在句中也能形成比较结构。1. asas1. asas结构结构 这种这种结构的结构的基本模式基本模式是：是：as +as +形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级 + as-+ as-分句分句。 John John is is as bright asas bright as Bob.Bob. John behaves John behaves as politely asas politely as Bob (does).Bob (does).这种这种比较结构的比较结构的否定形式否定形式是：是：not so / as +not so / as +形容词或形容

5、词或副副 词词原形原形 + as-+ as-分句分句。还可以用还可以用lessthanlessthan结构来表示：结构来表示： John John is is less bright thanless bright than Bob.Bob. John John behaves behaves less politely thanless politely than BobBobasasasas结构的另一种模式是：结构的另一种模式是：as much / many +as much / many +名词名词+as-+as-分句分句，这时这时many / muchmany / much是限定词。例

6、如：是限定词。例如：He took He took as much butter as he neededas much butter as he needed. .She has written She has written as many essays as her brother (hasas many essays as her brother (has) ). .asasasas结构还有一个变体结构还有一个变体形式形式：as as + + 形容词原形容词原级级 + + 名词词名词词组组 + as-+ as-分句分句。 George George is is as efficient

7、 a worker as Jackas efficient a worker as Jack. . Hardly Hardly ever have I heard ever have I heard as impressive music as thisas impressive music as this. .否定否定形式形式是：是：He didHe didntnt take take so / as much butter as so / as much butter as he neededhe needed. .She hasShe hasnt written nt written s

8、o / as many essays as so / as many essays as her brother her brother (has(has) ). .这种这种结构的基本模式是：结构的基本模式是：形容词或副词比较级形容词或副词比较级 + than-+ than-分句分句。 例如：例如：John is John is brighter than brighter than BobBob. .这种比较结构的否定形式是用这种比较结构的否定形式是用lessthanlessthan表示表示：This car runsThis car runs less less fast fast tha

9、nthan that onethat one. .也可用也可用not so / asasnot so / asas表示：表示：This This car doescar doesnt run so / as fast as that onent run so / as fast as that one. .morethanmorethan结构的另一种模式是：结构的另一种模式是：限定词限定词more / less / fewer + more / less / fewer + 名词名词 + that-+ that-分句分句。例如。例如： She has written She has writt

10、en more essays than more essays than hehe. . morethan morethan结构的结构的另一种变体形式另一种变体形式是是“定冠词定冠词+ +形容词或形容词或副词比较级副词比较级+of-+of-词组词组”。例如。例如： John is John is the brighter of the two boysthe brighter of the two boys. .morethanmorethan结构也有其结构也有其变体形式变体形式，其中之一是：，其中之一是：形容词比形容词比较级较级 + + 名词名词 + that-+ that-分句分句。例如。

11、例如： John John is a is a more efficient worker than Jackmore efficient worker than Jack. .可转换为可转换为名词词组名词词组 + morethan+ morethan结构作后置修饰语结构作后置修饰语。 John John is a worker is a worker more efficient than Jackmore efficient than Jack . .3. 3. “（thethe）+ + 形容词副词最高级形容词副词最高级 + + 比较范围比较范围”结构结构 如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行

12、比较，就要使用形容如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，就要使用形容词和副词的最高级词和副词的最高级。 This is This is the most interesting the most interesting book I have ever read.book I have ever read.表示表示“最高级最高级”的的相反意义相反意义可用可用the leastthe least结构结构。 This This is is the least difficultthe least difficult book book I Ive ever ve ever read.read.在一

13、定上下文中，最高级含义也可用其他结构来在一定上下文中，最高级含义也可用其他结构来表示。表示。 例如：例如：George did George did more work more work this morning this morning than than anyone elseanyone else. (= . (= George did the most work.)George did the most work.)I I like like nothing betternothing better. (= Its the best thing I like.). (= Its th

14、e best thing I like.)Fill in an appropriate comparative construction:Fill in an appropriate comparative construction:1. He looked 1. He looked a a brick wall. (nervousbrick wall. (nervous) )as nervous as nervous asas2. Mont Blanc is2. Mont Blanc is all all other Alpine peaks. (high)other Alpine peak

15、s. (high)h higher thanigher than3. Youre far3. Youre far I I am. (tolerant)am. (tolerant)mmore tolerant thanore tolerant than4. Honey is just about 4. Honey is just about sugarsugar. (sweet). (sweet)as sweet asas sweet as5. Doesnt Alex look a little 5. Doesnt Alex look a little bitbit he he did did

16、last week? (unhappy)last week? (unhappy)unhanppierunhanppier than than3.关于比较结构用法的补充说明1. more.than 1. more.than 和和less. than less. than 的翻译方法的翻译方法例如：例如：The The present crisis is much more a political than present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisisan economic crisis. .当前的危机与其说是经济危

17、机，不如说是政治危机。当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。He was less hurt than He was less hurt than frightenedfrightened. .与其说他受伤害，不如说他受惊吓。与其说他受伤害，不如说他受惊吓。2. not so. as 2. not so. as 和和 not so much.as not so much.as It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.

18、personality.与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。3. not more/-3. not more/-erer than than 与与 no more/-no more/-erer than thanJohn is not better than Tom.John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.又例如：又例如：no richer no richer than=as poor asthan=as poor as

19、 no bigger no bigger than=as small asthan=as small as no no later later than=as early asthan=as early as4. the more. the 4. the more. the more more 与与 more and moremore and moret the more he more 相当于相当于“越越. . 越越. . ”The older I get, the happier I amThe older I get, the happier I am. .mmore and more ore and more 常用来表示常用来表示“越来越来越越. . ”John speaks French more and more John