英语写作 授课教案

1、. 授课教案Teaching Plan for English WritingWeek One I. Teaching aims:1.Improve writing ability to generate ideas;2.Be familiar with the specific waysII. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: ways

2、 to generate ideas1.      QuestioningAsk Questions about the topic:a. “What” questions: Whats the problem? Whats the reason? Whats the answer? Whats my opinion? What can I do about it?b. “Who” questions: Who was involved? Who did it? Who was affected? Who do I believe?c. “Wh

3、y” questions: Why did it happen? Why did it change? Why did I do it? Why do I care?d. “When” questions: When did this happen? When did I realize this? When did it change?e. “How” questions: How did it happen? How did it get started? How was I affected? How were others affected? How can I change this

4、 situation?Then write down corresponding answers to help generate ideas.2.      Listing and grouping a. Listing all words or phrases related to the topic;b. Examining the list, and cross out the ones which do not fit;c. Grouping the remaining points3.    

5、  Free-writinga.      Four steps: Brainstorming: A brainstorm describes a state of mind when one is hit with an inspiration or many sudden and exciting ideas. Choosing: Choosing ideas is to narrow down the scope and decide which ideas you are going to use in your compos

6、ition .For example, if your article is going to emphasize the benefits from watching TV, you may just tick the relevant ideas on the original paper, for instance, more knowledge, international, travel, etc.Working out an outline: Topic outline and sentence outline. Doing free-writingb. Principle: Do

7、nt stop to correct mistakes or consult your friends or dictionaries.VI. Teaching procedures: 1. Introduce by ppt 2.Analyze VII. Homework: Free-writing on watching TV Week TwoI. Teaching aims:1. Improve writing ability to revise the draft;2. Be able to revise the draft by oneselfII. Teaching mat

8、erials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: .multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: How to improve a draft1. Students ask themselves questions about 5 aspects:Content: look at the composition as a whole.A. What is the topic of the composition? Does

9、 the draft fulfill the assignment? B. Is the thesis clear? Is it supported by enough facts( details, example, reasons, etc).C. Is there irrelevant material that should be removed?D. Is the logic sound? Are there gaps in the logic?Organization: Look at the arrangement of the material.A. Does the intr

10、oductory paragraph lead to the main point of the paper?B. Does each paragraph have a separate central idea? Does it relate to the papers main idea or to the previous paragraph? Are there proper transitions between sections? Are the paragraph arranged in climactic order?C. Does the concluding paragra

11、ph give the reader a clear impression of what the paper intends to say?Sentence:A. Is each sentence clearly related to the sentence before it and to the sentence after it?B. Are there unnecessary sentences that may be removed?C. Are there structural mistakes?D Are there wordy and redundant sentences

12、?E. Is there variety in sentence type?Diction:A. Are there words that are not appropriate for the topic or the style of the whole paper?B. Are there words or phrases which are directly translated from Chinese but which may mean something different in English?C. Are there collocations which may be in

13、correct because they are taken from Chinese (e.g. A big wind) ?Mistakes in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics.VI. Teaching procedures:1. Introduce 5 aspects to improve a draft2. Show ppt.3. Correct the draft of “watching TV”VII. Homework: exchange to correct the draft Week Thre

14、eI. Teaching aims:1. Improve writing ability to choose suitable words;2. Be aware of good composition.II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents:1. What a good composition is:a. concise and exa

15、ct languageb. variety & brevity in sentence structuresc. suitable transition between sentences & paragraphsd. logic ordere. correct grammar 2. Choice of words:a. Types of wordsi. Common words: a few thousand words ,used by ordinary people for ordinary purposes.ii. Formal and technical words:

16、 words used by people of special professions or fields, on special occasions or for special purposes. These words are political, legal, scientific, technical, business and literary words. Here are examples of the first and second kinds of words: same, speech, learned, destroy, piece, endeavor, fragm

17、ent iii. Nonstandard words: used by people who are not well-educated or by people of special groups, such as people of a particular region or an age group.b. How to achieve accuracy and appropriatenessi. Use common or informal words for general purposes; use formal or nonstandard words only on speci

18、al occasions or for special purposes;ii. Use specific and concrete words when giving details; use general or abstract words when making summaries; eg. general specific animal tiger, fox, insect laugh giggle, roar, griniii. Use idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations; avoid combina

19、tions that are unidiomatic;iv. When there are synonyms, choose the word that expresses the meaning most exactly and that suits the content and style. VI. Teaching procedures:1.      Show by ppt2.      Analyze the examples3.    

20、60; ExerciseVII. Homework: Review Week FourI. Teaching aims: Improve writing ability to correct structural mistakes in sentences.II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: common errors i

21、n sentence structure (I)1. Run-on sentencesA run-on sentence incorrectly runs together two independent clauses without any signals to mark the break.Eg.The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well.How to correct?a. Punctuation: comma, semicolon & periodb. Conjunction  The exam was

22、postponed, and the class was canceled as well.The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well.2. Fragmentary sentences-A word group that lacks main parts of the sentence (subject, predicate) & that does not express a complete thought is a fragment.a. Dependent word fragment e.g. Because I

23、 was late for class. I didnt meet Mr. Green.How to correct?i. Attach (the fragment to the sentence that has a relationship with it); e.g. Because I was late for class, I didn't meet Mr. Green.ii. Eliminate the dependent word e.g. I was late for class. I didn't meet Mr. Green.b. ing & to

24、fragment e.g. She was at first very happy with the blue sports car she bought for only $500.Not realizing until a week later that the car averaged 7 miles a gallon of gas.How to correct?i. Attach $500, not ii. Change the fragment into a complete sentence Not realizing She didnt realize c. Added-deta

25、il fragment e.g. The class often starts late. For example, yesterday at a quarter after nine, instead of nine sharp.How to correct?i. Attache.g.late, Forii. Change the fragment into a complete sentence e.g. For example, yesterday it began at a quarterd. Missing-subject fragment e.g. One example of m

26、y fathers generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital. And takes along get-well cards with a few dollars folded in them.How to correct?i. Attach And , andii. Add a subject e.g. And he takes VI. Teaching procedures: 1.      Show ppt. 2.   

27、60;  Exercises VII. Homework: exercises in textbook Week FiveI. Teaching aims:Improve writing ability to correct sentence structural mistakesII. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents

28、: common errors in sentence structure (II) 1. Faulty Parallelism a. Four common types of faulty parallelism i. Correlative conjunctions are always used by pairs. eg. 1)He wants either to study English Literature or study World History. 2)Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more co

29、mfortable than our old one. ii. Words or group of words, placed in a series, must be paralleled in both meaning & structure. eg. Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience, and it is not very expensive.iii. Comparisons using than or asAttention: when than or as

30、is used to join paralleled constructions make sure that the things or ideas they compare are logically &grammatically alike. eg. 1)The Ss attending our school are more intelligent than the Ss attending your school. 2)His learning is as extensive as Paul. iv. Incorrect Omissions: often occurs in

31、the has/have, will/shall constructions. Eg. He always has and always will compete for the highest honor.How to correct 1).He has always competed and will always compete for the highest honor. 2).He has always competed for the highest honor and always will.2. Modifiers a. Misplaced modifiers, because

32、 of awkward placement, dont describe the words the writer intended to describe. b. Dangling modifiers are illogically separated from the word they modifies. i. Misplaced modifiers g.1). I nearly earned $100 last week. 2).Bill, yelled at the howling dog in his underwear. 3).We could see the football

33、stadium driving across the bridge. 4).He crossed the stream in a canoe, which was recently stocked with fish. 5).Students who study often get good grades. How to avoid ? Put the troublesome adverbial modifiers at the beginning of the sentence. Put the modifiers as close as possible to the part they

34、intend to modify ii. Dangling Modifier is a phrase or an elliptical clause that is illogically separated from the word it modifies. e.g.n1).-ing phrase eg. Going through a red light,nThe traffic police on duty stopped him.n2).-to phrase eg. To appreciate English langue, reading must be done.n3).prep

35、ositional phrase eg. After 4 weeks at sea, my daughter was happy to see me.n4).elliptical phrase eg. When on the top floor of the tall building, the cars looked like tiny fish in a stream.  VI. Teaching procedures: 1.      Check the answers of the assignments2. 

36、60;    Show ppt.3.      Comment VII. Homework: Exercises in textbook Week SixI. Teaching aims:1. Let students have a generate idea about the words and sentences;2. Make good preparation for the further study.II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching

37、plan III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: check all the answers to the exercises VI. Teaching procedures: 1.      Check the answers one by one;2.      Show the writing examples.VII. Homework: pre

38、view and review Week SevenI. Teaching aims:1. Improve writing ability;2. Enlarge vocabulary;II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contentsSentence Variety and Brevity1. Why to achieve the goal

39、? Monotonous2. How to attract readers interest? a. Shorten or lengthen sentences b. Change sentence arrangement3. Ways to Achieve Variety and Brevity To shorten the sentences by a. Using non-finite verb phrases (infinitive, gerund, & participle); b. Relative pronouns; c. Combining sentences d. A

40、dverbsEg. 1. I fertilize the grass every spring. I want to make it greener. 2. Tim woke up with a start. He was troubled by a dream. 3. He mixed the chemicals together. He was gentle. 4. That spider is a black widow. It is crawling up the lamp behind you. 5. I like your Chevrolet. It is a 1956.It is

41、 green. It is a two-door.VI. Teaching procedures:1.      Show ppt;2.      Analyze VII. Homework: Exercises in the textbook Week EightI. Teaching aims:1. Improve writing ability;2. Enlarge vocabulary;II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching

42、 plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: 1.unity and coherence; 2. How to end a paragraph;1. Ways to achieve unity and coherencea. Unityi. Ideas & content: all the sentences within the paragraph must be related to the main point.ii.

43、 Cross out any interesting but irrelevant ideas.b. Coherence It refers to the smooth moving from one sentence to another; one paragraph to another. Ways to achieve coherence:i.                     Pro

44、nouns;ii.                   Repetition of key words; iii.                  Avoiding pronoun shifts;iv.    

45、;             Transitional signals.2. Five ways to end a paragrapha. Restating the main ideab.      Summarizing the main pointsc.       Showing a resultd.     

46、Putting the most important point laste.      Drawing an inferenceVI. Teaching procedures 1. Show ppt. to introduce;2. Analyze and do exercises3. Check the answers.VII. Homework: Exercises in the textbook Week NineI. Teaching aims:1. Improve writing ability;2. Enlarge vo

47、cabulary;II. Teaching materials: 1.textbook; 2.teaching plan 3. ppt.III. Teaching aids: multi-media classroomIV. Time duration: 2 periods;V. Teaching contents: ways to develop paragraph1. Planning a Paragraph What should we pay attention to in planning a paragraph?a. To think of a central idea or th

48、emeb. To think of the details or examples to support the main ideac. To work out an outline to put these details in good order2. Specific ways to develop paragraphs with examples a. Development by Time These first railroads were developed in Europe in the sixteenth century. They looked nothing like

49、those of today. The rails were of wood, and the cars, small wooden carts which hauled coal, were drawn by horses. By the early nineteenth century, railroad technology had advanced considerably. Steam locomotives had been developed, and cast iron was used for tracks. In 1825 a railroad line began car

50、rying passengers as well as freight. That same year Americas first known steam locomotive was run on a circular track at Hoboken, New Jersey. Soon American locomotives and railroads were multiplying rapidly. Many short rail lines were laid during the 1830s. These short lines were then linked with on

51、e another, and by the nearly 1840s networks of rails connected all the eastern cities. b. Development by ProcessWhen we want to tell people how to do things in correct orderi. To make clear the right sequence of the things to be doneii. State every step in a clear wayiii. Present tense is used in in

52、structions As the day of the exam approaches, there are several things you can do to make life easier. Firstly, you should make sure that you get regular exercise, that way you wont feel tired at night and you wont stay awake worrying. If you can, find someone else who is doing the exam and can shar

53、e the revision with you. You can organize little tests and quizzes for each other and this can make the process much more fun than working on your own. Just before the exam, it helps to write short notes of the most important study points on pieces of paper and look at them just before you go to bed

54、. On the day of the exam, dont do any studying. Eat a proper breakfast and take some emergency snacks with you, wear comfortable clothes and take your favorite pen and pencil with you. And dont forget your watch. c. Development by Space As parks go, Terrace Park is large. Most of the flat groun

55、d is taken up by three football pitches and two rugby pitches. On one side of the park; however, there is a patch of trees through which a river winds. And attractive path runs beside the river, and there are flowerbeds with interesting shrubs and flowers. On the other side of the park from the rive

56、r there are more sports facilities: three tennis courts and a bowling lawn. Near these, tucked into a corner, there is a childrens playground with swings, seesaws and model vehicles. One of the pleasant features of the park is the fact that it is entirely surrounded by trees.Describe what a place lo

57、oks likei. Decide where we standii. Concentrate on the best-know featuresiii. Often in the present tense d. Development by Example Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention? According to Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, authors of a book called The Secret Life of Plant

58、s, you should talk to them and give them love. They describe an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and positive ideas. The other plant was given only negative ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Und

59、er the earth, it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. So be careful when you are talking in front of your plants. They may be listening to you! e. Development by Comparison and ContrastLife in a big city has become more and more difficult for people

60、 to cope with. In a big city, stress is caused by daily having to contend with crowds of people and restricted space. Travel in rush hour can be a real headache. Pollution of various kinds is the result of industrialization. Cars spew toxic fumes into the atmosphere. Noise bellows out from every side. All these factors add to the pressure of daily existence in a big town. In contrast, life in a countr