一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时

1、.教学内容知识点一：一般现在时【知识梳理】(1) 一般现在时的基本结构和变化1.一般现在时的结构 be 动词：主语 +be(am, is, are)+其它。e.g. I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词 (+其它 ) 。一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加"-s" 或 "-es"e.g. He gets up early in the morning.2.否定句和疑问句的变化 be 动词的变化：A. 否定句：主语 + be + not + 其它。He is not a worker. 他不是工

2、人。B. 一般疑问句： Be + 主语 +其它。-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。Where is my bike?行为动词的变化：A. 否定句：主语 + don't( doesn't ) + 动词原形 (+其它 )。 I don't like bread./He doesn't like bread.B. 一般疑问句： Do ( Does ) + 主语 +动词原形 +其它。-Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / N

3、o, I don't.- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.C. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。How does your father go to work?（注意回顾动词第三人称单数形式变化规则）一般情况下在词尾加 s help helps, clean cleans, play plays, wear wears, give gives; 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词在词尾加 es dressdresses, fix fixes, watch watches, fin

4、ish finishes; 以“辅音字母加 y”结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i，再 study studies, carry carries, fly flies ）(2) 一般现在时的用法? 1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为。常与always, sometimes, often, usually, never 等副词连用。e.g. I go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays.My mother often gets up at 6 o clock.2. 表示现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。e.g. My father teache

5、s maths.Lin Yan dances well.3. 表示普遍真理或客观事实。e.g. The earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：Our physicsteacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 我们的物理老师说光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快得多，在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来的动作，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。如： I will e-mail y

6、ou as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你发邮件。If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting.如果你今天下午能来，我们就开会。;.【例题精讲】例 1. Who is that lady? She s Miss Green. She _ us music, and she is so good.A. taughtB. teachesC. will teachD. is teaching例 2. I think I ll take a bus to the meeting. The bus? If you

7、 _, you will be late.A. doB. have doneC. will do例 3. Unless the weather _, we will have to cancel the picnic.A. improveB. improvesC. improvedD. will improve例 4. We don t know if our friend _. If he _, we ll let you know.A. comes; comesB. comes; will comeC. will come; comes例 5. Our geography teacher

8、told us that the earth _ the sun.A. went aroundB. goes aroundC. is going aroundD. was going around【课堂练习】1.Look! A dog _ a blind man across the road.A. leadsB. leadC. is leadingD. led2.They usually _ TV in the evening.A. watchB. will watchC. are watchingD. watches3.He hardly _ up early A. getsB. getC

9、. doesn t get . Ddon t get4.John _ football.A. likes playingB. likes playC. like play5.Frank usually _ in touch with his primary school teachers by email.A. keepB. keepsC. keptD. will keep;.知识点二：一般过去时【知识梳理】(1) 一般过去时的基本结构和变化1. 定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 结构： “主语 + 动词的过去式 ”3.句型转化：be 动词的过去时的句型如下：A. 否定句：主语+

10、 be 动词的过去式（was, were） + notB. 疑问句：be 动词的过去式（was, were） + 主语 ？a. He was busy yesterday. (肯定句 ) 他昨天很忙。b. He was not busy yesterday. ( 否定句 ) 他昨天不忙。c. Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句 ) 他昨天忙吗？d. There werentany boys in the room. 房间里没有男孩儿。e.g. There werentany boys in the room. 房间里没有男孩儿。Were there any boys in

11、the room? 房间里有男孩儿吗？行为动词的否定式和疑问式：A. 否定式：行为动词前加上did not 或缩略式didn t,并把这个行为动词改为动词原形。a. I called Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. I did not / didn tcall Lin Tao yesterday afternoon. b. I borrowed a book from Sun Yang last Sunday.B. 一般疑问式：若在陈述句中只有行为动词的过去式, 那就得在句首加上一个助动词did 来帮助提问 , 然后把句中的行为动词由过去式改为动词原形, 并在句末打上

12、问号。回答时别忘了还用did。a. We stayed there for 10 days last month. Did you stay there for 10 days last month?Yes, we did. / No, we didn t.b. Mary had a delicious dinner yesterday evening. Did Mary have a delicious dinner yesterday evening?Yes, she did. / No, we didn t.?(2)规则动词的变化一般情况下，直接在动词词watch watched过去式（

13、规则变化）尾加 -ed。plant planted以不发音字母 e结尾的动词like liked在词尾加 -d。move moved;.过去式 (be 动词 )（不规则变化）以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再在词尾加-ed。重读闭音节动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再在词尾加-ed。study studiedcarry carriedstop stoppedshop shoppedam / is was are were do did(3) 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词第一组 AAA1. cost cost cost2. cut cut cut3. hit

14、hit hit4. let let let5. put put put 6. setset set 7. read readread 第二组 ABC1. break broke broken2. choose chose chosen3. speakspoke spoken4. steal stole stolen5. wake woke woken6. forget forgot forgotten7.take took taken8.give gavegiven9.hide hid hidden10. drive drove driven11. write wrote written12.

15、 rise rose risen13. ride rode ridden14. eatateeaten第三组 ABC1. know knew known2. grow grewgrown3. throw threw thrown4. fly flew flown5. show showed shown第四组 ABB1. build built built2. burn burnt burnt3. mean meant meant4. lend lent lent5. send sent sent6. spend spent spent第五组 ABB1. keepkept kept2. swee

16、p sweptswept3. sleep slept slept4. leave left left5. feel felt felt6. smell smeltsmelt7. lose lost lost8. learn learntlearnt (learned learned)9. get got got10. do did done11. go went gone第六组 ABB1. make made made2. hear heard heard3. havehad had4. bring brought brought5. find found found6.buy bought

17、bought7. think thought thought8. teach taught taught第七组 ABB1. dig dug dug2. lead led led3. hold held held4. meet met met5. say said said6. pay paid paid7. win won won8. sell sold sold9. tell told told10. stand stood stood11. understand understood understood12. sit sat sat13. wear wore worn第八组 ABC1.

18、begin began begun2. swim swam swum3. sing sangsung4. ring rang rung5. drink drank drunk6. come camecome7. become becamebecome8. see saw seen9. run ran run11. lie lay lain lying（躺）12. lie lied liedlying （说慌） 13. lay laid laid(放 );.(4) 一般过去时的用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, lastweek

19、 (month, year.), ago, just now, at the age of, in 1980 等连用。如：At the age of ten, she began to learn to play the piano.十岁的时候，她开始学弹钢琴。表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.当我是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。【例题精讲】例 1. Where did you go last weekend? I _ to the Great

20、 Wall.A. goB. wentC. will goD. have gone例 2. Last week Vivian _ a dress for her mother with her first-month salary.A. buyB. boughtC. will buyD. would buy例 3. Oh no! I _ my book in the lab.A. leaveB. leftC. will leaveD. was leaving例 4. Your coat fits you well. Thank you. I _ it when I was on vacation

21、.A. have boughtB. buyC. bought例 5. My husband always _ me flowers every week before we got married, but now he never _.A. sent; doesB. sends; doesC. was going to send; doD. sent; do【课堂练习】1. Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last? Yes, they _ a plan and did it.A. were working outB. worked outC. ar

22、e working outD. have worked out;.2. Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ the sun.A. goes aroundB. went aroundC. is going aroundD. would go around3. Lucy has _ to London. How can I get in touch with her? Dontworry. She will phone you as soon as she _ there.A. been; will getB. been; getsC. gone;

23、will getD. gone; gets4. Oh, no! I can tfind my mobile phone! Well, where _ you last put it.A. haveB. doC. did5. Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol? Yes, I _ in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.A. had stayedB. stayC. stayedD. have stayed知识点三一般将来时【知识梳理】(1) 一般将来时的结构 will+

24、动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：e.g. I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow. 明天早上我将在校门口见你。be going to+ 动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，主语一般是人。如：e.g. I am going to be 15 next week. 下周我就15 岁了。 will 和 be going to 的区别be going to 与 will 两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：A. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：e.g.

25、He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.B. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。e.g. He is seriously ill. He is going to die.C. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：e.g. She is going to have a trip.He will be here in half an hour.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to

26、, 而多用 will, 如：e.g. If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.;.当主句为一般将来时，在以一般现在时表示将来。如：.(2) 用法表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如：tomorrow, soon, nextday (week, month, year.), in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow等连用。如：e.g. I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week.下周我将要去上海旅行。

27、after, when, while, as soon as, if, unless 等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，要用e.g. I will do it better if the teacher gives me another chance.如果老师再给我次机会，我会做得更好的。【例题精讲】例 1. Don t away. Bill _ you look after your dog when you are away on business.A. helpsB. will helpC. helpingD. helped例 2. Just go down this road and yo

28、u _ the library next to the bank.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. will see例 3. With the development of science and technology, robot cooks _ in our families in the future.A. appearB. appearedC. will appearD. were appearing例 4. Many scientists believe that robots _ able to talk like humans in 50 years.A. w

29、ereB. areC. will beD. have been例 5. Have you returned the book to the library yet? Not yet. Don t worry. I _ it soon.A. returnB. returnedC. have returnedD. will return【课堂练习】1.My mind wasn ton what he was saying so I m afraid I _ half of it.A. missedB. was missingC. will missD. would miss2.We are gla

30、d to hear that the Greens _to a new flat next week.A. moveB. movedC. will moveD. have moved3.Eric won t start the experiment until his teacher _him how to do it.A. will showB. showC. showsD. showed4.If you come to the party, youa good time.;.A. would haveB. haveC. will haveD. to have5. Lets enjoy th

31、e days with our classmates. We _our junior high school in two months.A. will finishB. are finishingC. have finishedD. had finished课后作业1.- Is Jim in the office?- No, heto the dining hall.A. goes B. would goC. has goneD. had gone2.- I called you this morning, but nobody answered it.- Oh, wesome runnin

32、g in the park.A. are doingB. were doingC. have doneD. did3.Her sonthe army for two months. She misses him very much.A. has joinedB. has been inC. joinedD. was in4.The reporter said that the UFOeast to west when he saw it.A. travelsB. traveledC. was travelingD. has traveled5.I'm waiting for my si

33、ster. I won't go to see my uncle until.;.A. she comesB. she will comeC. she doesn't come6.- Do you know the Englishman?- Yes. Ihim for two years.A. get to knowB. have knownC. knewD. got to know7.Imy homework; I guess I can't join you.A. don't finishB. didn't finishC. haven't

34、finishedD. won't finish8.Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russiathe first hotel in space in the near future.A. buildsB. will buildC. builtD. has built9.We have been friends.A. last yearB. one year agoC. since we met last yearD. when we met last year10.- Do you know if Cindy will dri

35、ve to Italy this weekend?- Cindy? Never! Shedriving.A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates11.- I called you several times this morning, but you didn't answer.- Sorry. Itennis the whole morning.A. playedB. is playingC. would playD. was playing12.Ia mistake. Please don't be angry with me.A.

36、makeB. madeC. will makeD. had made13.- I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but nobody answered.- Oh, Ia film at that time.A. seeB. sawC. is seeingD. was seeing14.- Is this your first time to Xinjiang?- No, Ihere several times.A. have goneB. haven't goneC. have beenD. haven't been15.- We'

37、;ll go for a picnic if itthis Sunday.;.- Wish you a lovely weekend.A. rainB. doesn't rainC. won't rain16.HeLuzhou for three months.A. has leftB. has come toC. has gone toD. has been away from17.Imy hometown for a long time. I really miss it!A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been aw

38、ay from18.If you come to the party, youa good time.A. would haveB. haveC. will haveD. to have19.Mr. Brownin this factory since he was twenty-four years old.A. worksB. workedC. will workD. has worked20.- Shush, be quiet! The babyin the next room.- Oh, sorry.A. sleepsB. sleptC. is sleepingD. was sleep

39、ing21.Hefor ten years.A. has been marriedB. marriedC. got marriedD. has married22.- Did you hear someone knocking at the door just now?- No,sir. Imusic.A. was listening toB. listened toC. am listening toD. would listen to23.- What were you doing this time yesterday?- Ion the grass and drawing a pict

40、ure.A. A. sitB. satC. am sittingD. was sitting24.- How was your trip to the ancient village?- Fantastic! Weto a natural museum of strange stones.A. goB. wentC. are goingD. will go;.25.- I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting.- Really? Do you know when he?A. leavesB. was leavingC. has lef

41、tD. left26.- Lisa, I called you just now. Where were you?- Sorry, Ia shower.A. takeB. am takingC. was taking27.Shethe booktwo days ago.A. has borrowed; sinceB. has kept; sinceC. kept; for28.- Where were you at 7:00 last night?- Ito my mom at home.A. writeB. wroteC. am writingD. was writing29.- I can

42、't find Ted for three days. Where is he?- HeBeijing for a meeting.A. has been toB. has gone toC. have been toD. have gone to30.TheyEngland and they will be back next week.A. have gone toB. have been toC. have gone inD. has been on31. _ you _ to Nanhu Park a week ago? Yes. We had a good time there.A. Do; goB. Did; goC. Did; went32. I _ the book club last week and I _ two books already.A. join; readB. joined; readC. joined; have readD. join; has read33. Summer holiday is coming. W