外文翻译-陈镇杰

1、华南理工大学广州学院本科生毕业设计（论文）翻译英文原文名STUDY ON VIRTUAL NUMERICAL CONTROL TURNING SYSTEM BASED ON NETWORK 中文译名 基于网络研究虚拟数控车削 学 院 机械工程学院 专业班级 2011机械工程及自动化7班学生姓名 陈镇杰 学生学号 201130086246 指导教师 陈俊健 填写日期 2015.3.16 英文原文版出处：Proceedings of International Technology and Innovation Conference，2006 译文成绩： 指导教师（导师组长）签名： 译文：基于网络

2、研究虚拟数控车削LI Shujuan, WANG Jianmei, LI Yue Tai Yuan University of Science & Technology 摘要：介绍了虚拟车削与网络平台的模块化和分配建设。构建虚拟网络的数值控制(数控)模拟现实系统的模块语言(VRML)和Java语言,和框架系统的主要功能的实现描述。在本地或国外用户都可以轻易在网络上知道处理过程和系统参数。通过浏览器(IE)浏览接口用于访问操作虚拟的数控车床加工过程去估计和优化网络资源。关键词:互联网、仿真、虚拟加工、虚拟制造。1、 简介 网络的快速发展和技术的成熟，关系着全球制造网络资源通过互联网实现净

3、产量和不同的区域产品充分利用。研究基于网络系统的虚拟加工。数控车床具有广泛的应用范围,选择的对象特别指出虚拟数控车削系统的结构。此外,根据系统结构的要求,分析每个功能模块的实现和原则。2、 虚拟车削系统的结构 在整个虚拟制造系统中,必须模拟不同方法和原则进行加工实践以及复杂切割过程。为了加快虚拟车床加工的应用程序和增加系统兼容性的协调发展,系统结构应体现每个正确的定义模拟模块和良好的外部信息通信接口。从这一点上,虚拟车削系统应该基于开放的、模块化的虚拟制造底层平台,它也应该开放系统的结构,给许多用户共享，容易维护系统，方便系统的模块化。图1显示了虚拟数控的基本结构转向系统。图1:基于网络的虚拟

4、数控车削系统的结构。2.1系统模块的资源支持 为了给客户提供丰富的有用的信息,我们需要建立基本的公共数据库,包括虚拟机床数据库、虚拟刀具数据库、虚拟夹具数据库,数据库和工件材料。他们是整个虚拟制造系统所必需的。虚拟机的工具数据库包括几何特性不同类型自由度的机床和每个部分的动力学规律。虚拟刀具数据库包括刀具材料和刀具几何参数。所有材料的材料数据库包括物理和机械性能的。虚拟设备数据库包括夹具种类和相关辅助设备。此外,需要建立一个特殊的数据库用来保存应用程序数据临时文件。例如,机床种类,刀具种类,设备等等2.2数控控制器模块 该模块的主要功能是模拟真实的数值控制器和解释,将它转化为数控程序控制虚拟机

5、床的运动部件。用户虚拟机工具实际操作机床。它有一些标准功能,如缓慢,一步、手动数据输入等等。2.3仿真集成环境服务模块 模块向用户提供一个3 d交互的应用程序界面来浏览和控制虚拟加工过程。它还包括其他子模块,例如实时显示工件材料的去除过程和预测虚拟工艺参数。2.4应用程序的标准控制接口 根据用户的要求，主要功能模块使用了标准的信息输入系统，建立虚拟机工具模块和虚拟工件模块,然后构建公共数据库，选择工件材料、刀具的类型、切削参数等。我们可以利用G代码程序虚拟的汽车零件或man-input控制或显示机床的运动,或者我们可以使用虚拟面板控制机床和刀具运动。2.5预测模块的加工过程 模块是最复杂和重要

6、的,最好地体现了虚拟车削过程的表现。例如,相对参数必须体现配件质量、切削力、切削扭矩、切削刀具的使用寿命和干涉检查,以及加工过程估计等单一部分的力。然后根据参数和特点、有效性和可行性可以分析实际加工过程。3、基于网络的系统功能的虚拟数控车削加工基于网络的系统 用户可以输入数控程序手动或自动,通过虚拟操作和控制虚拟机工具面板控制真正的机床。加工信息如切削深度、主轴转速、数量的饲料、刀具和切削时间可以显示在位置动态。实时虚拟工件的过程可以不断地模拟材料去除。除此之外,它检查和模拟干扰过程中,预测和模拟刀具的寿命。用户也可以根据加工工艺条件估计和预测部分的可行性。因此,可以减少不必要试切割的浪费,降

7、低成本和提高效率。主要虚拟用车床加工过程系统的功能如下:（1）可根据需求从公共选择数据库快速建立几何模块机床和刀具。参数化设计部分模块可以通过定义的长度,宽度、高度等建立模型。数据库可以获得材料。每一个机床移动部件平台和刀具,可以用来构建几何根据相对模块相对坐标运动,以保持相对位置。（2）容易控制高级图形虚拟车削过程系统供应的功能，高级图形显示发动机和控制。它取代了传统的虚拟而现实设备必须购买。当应用3 d图形显卡3 d导航设备(VRML浏览器),用户可以手动或自动运行虚拟机工具实现3 d虚拟过程虚拟环境。（3）容易实时操作，操作员可以手动操作虚拟车床或自动。图2显示了一些车床上的面板。当使用

8、手动模块,用户可以使刀具和平台在x,y方向通过辊下滑的虚拟面板。在自动模块,它可以控制机床的运动根据G代码程序。操作员可以修改正确的G代码,然后观察修改后运动的结果。G代码编译器在虚拟机床,它是一个独立的模块,可以根据需求改变数字系统。图2:部分车床上的面板（4）实时监测显示的信息在虚拟车削过程中,加工条件,加工状态,等关键参数和结果刀的位置,切削深度,主轴转速,进刀量、加工时间和位置辞职刀可以自动监控。的信息刀具位置显示在左虚拟面板的底部动态。其他信息显示在反馈信息块。（5）干涉检查系统会自动检查干扰加工过程中,会发生和停止的位置。系统可以显示明亮的干预计划颜色。模块是独立的,它可以取代如果

9、需要更精确的干涉检查算法。（6）仿真模块的过程特征参数过程特征参数包括切削力、力量浪费、表面粗糙度、刀具的磨损和寿命等等。但存在的过程仿真模块CAD / CAM / CAE商业软件模拟了图形的几何实体,而不是过程的特点参数。参数与多因素有关,他们更为复杂。它只模拟一个给定的特征参数的限制。虚拟车削系统提供开放和独立的系统平台。用户可以根据自己的需求定义流程的特点参数,例如：预测切削力和刀具寿命估计等等。4、基于网络的现实系统的虚拟功能4.1实时材料去除过程 实时材料去除过程的模拟最重要的是过程。虚拟材料去除过程让用户估计过程容易和视觉。系统利用VRML语言作为开发工具实现功能。为了简化模型和系

10、的速度模拟、工件的切削表面采用气缸节点的VRML语言风格构建虚拟工件几何学。协调定义中使用3 d维度协调领域的基于顶点的几何节点。我们可以建立临时协调适应。颜色是一个颜色用车床加工表面的节点,它定义了颜色和非用车床加工表面。图3显示了计算过程和价值通过流程节点的风格。图3:材料去除过程模拟4.2 G代码翻译G代码翻译很好地利用永恒的创作接口来实现其功能。EAI使用Java语言实现控制和显示的虚拟环境,和虚拟板条系统使用Java程序构建控制面板,实现虚拟或手动车床自动。Java程序首先读取从G-code G-code程序翻译并解释连续。G-code解释器计算的插值价值线或每一圈用车床加工路径分数

11、。输入值发送到虚拟车床通过EAI端口实时控制的位置平台和刀具。刀具位置和信息检查在实时虚拟面板显示。图4显示了这个过程。图4:代码翻译 模拟精确计算移动的过程零部件和材料去除必须花费很多电脑资源,劣质电脑会减少的速度展示图和仿真效率。常遇到的问题是减少图显示的精度。很难找到速度和平衡点之间的图的模拟精度。系统中,调度控制模块添加到确保模拟过程是相对于时间序列不变形的计算机系统的能力。为了符合刀切割速度运动,每一次切削运动和刀具位置，G-code翻译首先读取计算机时间,计算整个过程时间。最后的值可能会回到VRML虚拟舞台通过EAI项目港口。虚拟机将驱动至给定的位置。4.3干涉检查 虚拟的干涉检查

12、关键是功能模拟系统。因为不同的流程系统定义了不同的干扰,干扰模块应该是独立的。在虚拟系统干扰分为: (1)运动几何约束刀具必须在有限的X -沿水平方向移动Z平面,这是中风的限制。任何在尝试超越行程限制的动作，机床可以显示带有明亮的颜色G代码程序,然后让机器停止,所以方便操作员检查和修改G代码程序。 (2)速度约束每个车床加工速度固定约束,如最大和最小转速的主要轴向切削速度和进给速度。编程G代码时,用户必须符合这些限制,或检查的干扰。5结论 该系统包括一个支持资源系统,数控控制器、模拟服务集成模块,操作面板和模块的过程特征参数。是虚拟用车床加工系统由VRML语言和java语言来开发的系统原型。几

13、何模块的虚拟车床通过VRML和Java语言引擎使动画模拟。在图中,G代码解释器的功能和干涉检查模块中解释到真正的时间模拟实现工件材料去除的过程。 该系统是独立的虚拟生产平台。这是一个虚拟用车床加工自由和操作容易的系统,且不需要额外的应用程序。专家和技术人员检查和测试流程随时随地。它估计和预测板条特征参数用车床加工力、扭矩、功率成本和刀的寿命。系统的研究是在一个净生产基地,和一个销售平台生产机生产商。用户了解国内生产，它根据需要定制有助于产品必要的机器。它是基于不同地区的产品,网络产品,迅速的产品，应用广泛。参考文献1 Li Shujuan, Yan Xianguo, Zhang Pingkua

14、n，”误差源和造型”,虚拟车削、进步的加工技术.2Anton Jezernik,Gorazd Hren”,集成解决方案计算机辅助设计(CAD)和虚拟现实(VR)数据库在设计和制造过程中的应用”,先进制造技术.3Lee, Han Ul, Cho, Dong-Woo”,聪明的进料速度基于虚拟加工”,先进的调度制造技术.英文原文STUDY ON VIRTUAL NUMERICAL CONTROL TURNING SYSTEM BASED ON NETWORK* The research was supported by Shan Xi natural science foundation item

15、2006011063LI Shujuan, WANG Jianmei, LI YueTaiYuan University of Science&Technology,China,TaiYuan 030024, ChinaKeywords: Internet, simulation, virtual machining, virtual manufacture.Abstract: A virtual turning platform with net, modular and distributive construction is introduced. A network virtu

16、al numerical control (NC) turning system by Virtual Reality Module Language (VRML) and Java language is built, and the frame of the system and the realization of main functions are described. Users could build the process environment and systematic parameters on native or foreign net easily. Explore

17、r (IE) browse interface is used to visit the operation of virtual digital control lathe, then the machining process could be estimated and optimized through net resources.1. IntroductionWith the fast development of network and mature of relate technologies, the global manufacturing net resources cou

18、ld be fully utilized to realize net production and different area production through Internet. To study virtual machining system based on net. The NC lathe, which has wide application range, is chosen as the object, then the basic structure of virtual NC turning system is pointed out. Moreover, acco

19、rding to the demands of system structure, the realization and principles of each function module are analyzed.2. Structure of virtual turning systemIn a whole virtual manufacturing system, different machining methods and principles in practice, as well as the complicated cutting process, must be sim

20、ulated. In order to accelerate the coordinative development of virtual lathe machining application and increase the compatibility of system, the system structure should embody the definitions of each proper simulative module and good outer information communication interface. From this point, the vi

21、rtual turning system should be based on open and modular virtual manufacturing bottom platform, it also should have open systematic structure, and be easily shared by many users so as to maintain system conveniently, i.e., the system is to be modularized. Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of virtual

22、NC turning system.2.1 Systematic module of resource supportingIn order to supply abundant useful information for customers, we need build basic public database, which consist of virtual machine tool database, virtual cutting tool database, virtual fixture database, and work piece material database.

23、They are necessary to the whole virtual manufacturing system. The virtual machine tool database includes geometric features of machine tools of different kinds, degree of freedoms and kinetic laws of each part. The virtual cutting tool database includes cutter materials and cutter geometric paramete

24、rs. The material database includes the physical and mechanical performances of all materials. The virtual fixture database includes fixture kinds and relative auxiliaries. In addition, a special database to save temporary application data files needs to be built. For example, machine tool kinds, cut

25、ter kinds, fixtures and so on.2.2 NC controller moduleMain function of the module is to simulate real numerical-controller and explain NC program so as to translate it into movement of controlling virtual machine tool parts. The users operate virtual machine tool as real machine tool. It has some st

26、andard functions such as inching, single-move, manual data input and so on.2.3 Simulation serve integrated environment moduleThe module supplies users with a 3D interactive application interface to browse and control virtual machining process. It also includes other sub-modules, for example real tim

27、e display of work piece material removal process and prediction of virtual process parameters.2.4 Application standard control interfaceMain function of the module makes use of standard information input system to build virtual machine tool module and virtual work piece module according to demands o

28、f users, and then build public database to choose work piece material, the type of cutting tool, cutting parameters and so on. We can make use of G-code program of virtual parts which is auto-made or man-input to control or display the movement of turning machine tool, or we can make use of virtual

29、panel to control machine tool and cutter movement.2.5 Predictive module of machining processThe module is most sophisticated and important, which best embodies the performances of virtual turning process. The relative parameters must be embodied, for example, quality of parts, cutting force, cutting

30、 torque, service life of cutting tool and the interference check, as well as the process economy such as estimation of power of single parts. Then according to the parameters and characteristics, the validity and feasibility of the actual machining process could be analyzed.3 Functions of virtual NC

31、 turning machining system based on NETThe users could input NC program manually or automatically, operate and control the virtual machine tool through virtual panel as the real machine tool. The machining information such as cutting depth, rotating speed of main shaft, amount of feed, position of cu

32、tter and cutting time could be displayed dynamically. The real-time process of virtual work piece material removal could be continuously simulated. Besides, it could examine and simulate the interference through the process, predict and emulate the lifetime of cutter. The user could also estimate an

33、d predict the feasibility of parts processes according to machining conditions. Consequently, the unnecessary test-cutting waste could be decreased, the cost be reduced and the efficiency be increased. The main function of the virtual lathing process system is as follows:(1)Rapid establishment of ge

34、ometry moduleThe machine tool and cutter could be chosen from the public database according to demand. The parameterized design of part module could build the model through defined length, width, height and so on. The material could be obtained from database. Every moving parts of machine tool such

35、as platform and cutter, could be used to build the geometry module in relative coordinate according to the relative movement so as to keep the relative position.(2)Easy control of senior graph romanceThe virtual turning process system supplies the functions of senior graph display engine and control

36、. It replaces the traditional virtual reality equipment that must purchase. When applying 3D graph display card-3D navigation equipment (VRML BROWSE) user could manually or automatically operate virtual machine tool to realize virtual process in 3D virtual environment.(3)Easy real-time operationThe

37、operator could operate the virtual lathe manually or automatically. Fig. 2 shows some items of panel on the lathe. When using manual module, user could make cutter and platform moving in x, y directions through the roller in slipping virtual panel. In automatic module, it could control the movement

38、of machine tool according to G code program. The operator could amend and correct G code and then observe the movement consequence after amend. There is a G code compiler in virtual lathe, and it is an independent module, and could be changed according to the requirement of digital-system.(4) Real t

39、ime monitoring display of informationDuring virtual turning process, machining condition, machining state, key parameters and consequence such as cutter position, cutting depth, rotate speed of main shaft, amount of feed, machining time, and position of quitting cutter could be monitored automatical

40、ly. The information of cutter position is displayed on left bottom of virtual panel dynamically. Other information is displayed on feedback information block.(5) Interference checkThe system could check the interference automatically in machining process, and stop in the position where it happens. T

41、he system could display the interfering program in bright color. The module is independent, and it could be displaced by more precise interference check algorithm if necessary.(6) Simulation module of process characteristic parametersProcess characteristic parameters include cutting force, power was

42、te, surface roughness, abrasion of cutter, and lifetime and so on. But existent process simulation module of CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software just simulates the graph geometry of entity, not the process characteristic parameters. The parameters relate to more factors, and they are more sophisticated.

43、 It only simulates the consequences in a given characteristic parameters limit. The virtual turning system supplies us with open and independent systematic platform. The users could define the process characteristic parameters according to their own demand, for example, the prediction of cutting for

44、ce and estimation of cutter lifetime and so on.4. Function reality of virtual turning system based on NET4.1 Real-time material removal processThe simulation of real-time material removal process is the most important to the process. The virtual material removal process makes user estimate the proce

45、ss easily and visually. The system uses VRML language as development tool to realize the function. In order to simplify the model and fasten the speed of simulation, the cutting surface of work piece adopts cylinder node style of VRML language to build the virtual work piece geometry. Coordinate def

46、ines 3D dimension that is used in coordinative field of geometrical node based on vertexes. We could adapt it to build temporary coordinate. Color is a color node, which defines the color of the lathing surface and non-lathing surface. Fig. 3 shows the count process and value passing process of the

47、node style.4.2 G-code interpreterG-code interpreter makes good use of Eternal Authoring Interface to realize its function. EAI uses Java language to realize control and display the virtual turning environment, and virtual lathing system uses Java program to build the panel so as to realize control o

48、f virtual lathe manually or automatically. Java program firstly reads the G-code program from G-code interpreter and interprets serially. The G-code interpreter calculates the interpolation value of line or circle of every lathing path fraction. The value is sent to the virtual lathe through EAI por

49、t real-time to control the momentary position of platform and cutter. The information of cutter position and examination is displayed on virtual panel real-time. Fig. 4 shows the process.The precise calculation that simulates the process of moving parts and material removal must cost a lot of comput

50、er resource, and the inferior computer will decrease the speed of displaying graph and simulation efficiency. The way to the problem is to reduce the precision of graph display. It is difficult to find the balance point between the speed and simulating precision of graph. In the system, a scheduling

51、 control module is added to ensure the simulating process that is relative to time sequence to be not anamorphic in inferior ability system of computer. In order to conform the cutter movement to the cutting speed, G-code interpreter firstly reads computer time, then calculates the whole time of eve

52、ry cutting movement and the cutter position at every time. Finally the values could be returned to VRML virtual stage through EAI program port. The virtual cutter will be driven to the given position in time.4.3 Interference checkInterference check is the key function of the virtual simulating syste

53、m. Because the different process system defines the different interference, the interference module should be independent. In virtual turning system interference is divided into:(1)Movement geometry constraintThe cutter must move along horizontal direction in limited X-Z plane, which is stroke limit

54、. Any attempt that wants the machine tool to surpass the stroke limit could be displayed in G-code programming, in bright color, and then make machine stop, so it is convenient for operator to examine and amend G-code program.(2)Speed constraintEvery lathe has fixed machining speed constraint, such as max and min rotate speed of main axial, max feed and fast movement speed. When programming the G-code, the user must accord with these limits, or examine the i