四级写作全方位讲解啊...有例句、模板、历年的作文范例精讲ppt课件

1、Writing Lecture 11;Topic Sentence 主题句主题句段落的构成段落的构成topic sentencesupporting sentences ordeveloping sentencesconcluding sentence主题句又称主旨句或关键句，是一个段落中最重要的句子，是段落的主题句又称主旨句或关键句，是一个段落中最重要的句子，是段落的“纲纲”。说明。说明段落的中心思想和作者的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。段落的中心思想和作者的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。2; T

2、opic sentence = a topic + a controlling idea about the topic 主题句主题句=主题主题+中心思想中心思想 主题：段落所谈的话题，问题主题：段落所谈的话题，问题 中心思想：限定话题的范围，确定话题的发展方向。整个段落都以这个中中心思想：限定话题的范围，确定话题的发展方向。整个段落都以这个中心思想为依据，围绕它进行。中心思想用关键词心思想为依据，围绕它进行。中心思想用关键词(key words)来表达。来表达。The formation of a topic sentence3;How to make a topic sentence主题句

3、的写作技巧主题句的写作技巧主题句的写法主题句的写法: - : - 主题句应尽量清晰明了主题句应尽量清晰明了, ,简练简练, ,用词准确，力求用一句话用词准确，力求用一句话清楚地表达该段的中心。清楚地表达该段的中心。主题句位于段首主题句位于段首:-:-开门见山，点出主题。开门见山，点出主题。表示人的名词或代词主语的句子表示人的名词或代词主语的句子表示物的名词做主语的句子表示物的名词做主语的句子用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。用用“There +be + There +be + 名词名词”句型来写主题句。句型来写主题句。用用It is + adj. +for sb.

4、 to do sth. It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth. 句型句型4;例如例如: (1) The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years. (2) The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience. (3) However, the negative effects are also obvious.注意注意:第一句中的表示物的名词做主题句第一句中的表示物

5、的名词做主题句; 第二句中的关键词第二句中的关键词advantage和第和第三句中的三句中的negative effects表达中心思想表达中心思想.5;Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary1. 1. 电子辞典的优点电子辞典的优点2. 2. 电子辞典的缺点电子辞典的缺点3. 3. 我的结论我的结论(1)(1)本文写作提示本文写作提示: :角度一是遵循模版。采用以上角度一是遵循模版。采用以上 模版套用题目分析优点和缺点模版套用题目分析优点和缺点, ,得出结论。得出结论。(2)(2)本文写作提示本文写作提示: :角度二是考虑文章

6、中的主题句。角度二是考虑文章中的主题句。 写好主题句是文章成功的关键。写好主题句是文章成功的关键。Practice 6;The discussion about has never stopped in the past few years. Lets have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion. The biggest advantage of . Whats more. However, the negative effects are obvious. To beg

7、in with, . In the second place,. Finally,. Up until now, we can see it clearly that. The key lies in the user- so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.7;Reference Model (1) (1)The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past fe

8、w years. Lets have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion. (2)The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience. Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you can know the meaning quickly. Whats more, with the development of science and te

9、chnology, electronic dictionaries are becoming more and more advanced: they can pronounce the words clearly, provide sample sentences to 8;Reference Model (2)illustrate words usage and store difficult words for special memorization. Last but by no means the least, electronic dictionaries are becomin

10、g cheaper, and more and more students can afford them. (3) However, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, some students rely too much on the electronic dictionary-they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions. In the second place, some explanations are neither com

11、plete nor accurate, 9;Reference Model (3)which are quite misleading. Finally, new technical inventions do not necessarily lead to progress in learning. Diligence is always the decisive factor, because “There is no royal road to learning”. Up until now, we can see it clearly that electronic Dictionar

12、y is not beneficial or harmful in itself. The key lies in the user- so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.10;The Effects of Exercise on Our Health1. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。2. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。3. 给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。 11; The

13、 Effects of Exercise on Our Health1) As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to our health. 2) First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles, thereby changing our whole health for the better. 3) Besides, it can make our brains better able to react to what is

14、 going on around us. 4) And best of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life. Reference modelReference model12; 5) But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the negative effects exercise brings about. 6) If you are normally inactive and then, contrary to your usu

15、al habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific studies reveals, there are more chances that you have yourself injured. 7) In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get. 8) And w

16、orst of all, 13;continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death. 9) Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of exercise. 10) On the one hand, our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity. 11) On the other, we must go in for phy

17、sical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own. 12) In sum, exercise can do us good or harm, all depending on how we make use of it.14;Writing Lecture 215;表示举例说明的过渡语表示举例说明的过渡语表示递进关系的过渡语表示递进关系的过渡语表示对比对照的过渡语表示对比对照的过渡语表示因果关系的过渡语表示因果关系的过渡语Writing Writing 过渡语过渡语 过渡语可以是词，短语，也可以是

18、一个句子。通过使用过渡语可以使文章更紧过渡语可以是词，短语，也可以是一个句子。通过使用过渡语可以使文章更紧凑，脉络更清楚。凑，脉络更清楚。 过渡语过渡语表示结论的过渡语表示结论的过渡语表示转折的过渡语表示转折的过渡语16;表示举例说明的过渡语表示举例说明的过渡语表示递进关系的过渡语表示递进关系的过渡语 in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, whats morenot only, but also, similarly; another is is also a factorfor example, for instance, fo

19、r one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in pointLets take as an example; take for example is a typical example of 17;表示对比对照的过渡语表示对比对照的过渡语表示因果关系的过渡语表示因果关系的过渡语 in contrast, by contrast, on the other hand,in comparison, on the contrary, unlike, conversely, like, contrary to, whereas, whi

20、le differ/vary greatly/vastly from because of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for, because, since, as, for this reasontherefore, as a result, consequently, in consequence, accordingly, hence, thus, so The reasons why/for are/lie in 18;表示结论的过渡语表示结论的过渡语表示转折的过渡语表示转折的过渡语 to sum up, to concl

21、ude, to summarizein sum, in summary, in conclusion, in all, in a word, in short, in brief We can come to the conclusion that. A conclusion can be reached that. though, although, even though, however, nevertheless, nonetheless As everything has two sides, we should not neglect the other side of the c

22、oin Lets look at the other side of the coin. 19;Practice Practice Should Firecracker Be Banned?Should Firecracker Be Banned?1. 1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？2. 2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？3. 3. 我的看法我的看法(1)(1)本文写作提示本文写作提示: :角度一是遵循模版。采用以上角度一是遵循模版。采用以上 模版套用题目分析优点和缺点模版套用题目分析优点和缺点,得出结论。得出结论。(2)(2

23、)本文写作提示本文写作提示: :角度二是段落中句与句的过渡。角度二是段落中句与句的过渡。 过渡语的应用使句与句，段与段之间衔接更过渡语的应用使句与句，段与段之间衔接更 紧密，更具有连接性。紧密，更具有连接性。20;Practice Practice There has long been a national debate on Some people advocate that firecrackers should be banned because. Others hold the opposite opinion. They believe.From my point of view,

24、 I welcome so-called limited banning, which has been practiced in some parts of our country. On the one hand,.On the other hand,. Only in this way can we.21;Reference Model (1) There has long been a national debate on firecrackers. Some people advocated that firecrackers should be banned because we

25、had heard of too many instances of firecrackers injuring people and causing fires. Others holdthe opposite opinion. They believe firecrackers, apart from creating happy atmosphere and bringing good luck, have become part of our national tradition. How can we do away with this custom which labels our

26、 identity? From my point of view, I welcome the so-called limited banning, which has been22;Reference Model (2)practiced in some parts of our country. On the one hand, the local government at all levels, can organize large-scale parties in which firecrackers are let off on national holidays especial

27、ly the Spring Festival. On the other hand, the specialist himself, who makes this his career, takes on the responsibility of letting off the firecrackers on ceremonies and parties. Only in this way can we ward off danger while retaining the happiness brought about by firecrackers.23;Writing Lecture

28、324;对立观点式对立观点式 A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？B有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？C我的看法。 25;三段式Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X X. They point out the fact that 支持X X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X X 的另一个原因。However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X X. They firmly point

29、out that 反对X X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X X also may 。 26;主题段常用句型1. When asked about., the

30、vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think / view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments /statements , but I tend to the prefer/latter .3. Now, it is

31、commonly /generally / widely believed/ held /acknowledged that . They claim/ believe /argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. 27;中间段开头句型On the contrary, there are some people in favor of _. They believe _. Moreover, they think _. 28;辩论式议论文模板辩论式议论文模板 1Some people believe / argue / recognize / think

32、that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former / latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed t

33、o 表决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测. 29;People hold different views about something. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据

34、3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 辩论式议论文模板辩论式议论文模板 230;辩论式议论文模板辩论式议论文模板 3There is no consensus of opinions among people about 争论的焦点。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2

35、。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student,

36、I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 31;My Opinion on Campus LoveDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My opinion on Campus Love. You should write at least 120 words according to the situation given below in Chinese:1. Some

37、people are strongly against campus love.2. Some people accept it.3. My view.32;Sample Writing 1Campus love isnt a newly-born phenomenon. Some people are strongly against it while some others think its natural. I dont advocate it. The reasons are as follows. First of all, undergraduates are neither f

38、ully psychologically mature nor able to assume the responsibility, especially freshmen and sophomores. Second, they may indulge in it, thus neglecting their study, which isnt rare. Third, some just take advantage of it to kill time, avoid boredom with much time at their own disposal, have someone ke

39、ep company, etc. Whats more, some change dating partners frequently, holding a paradox opinion that they could show off their33;charm or accumulate experience, but more often than not, they would leave a bad impression, such as lacking the sense of responsibility, on others, especially their former

40、sweethearts. Last, the proportion of successful couples is too low. The overwhelming majority reach the same end-parting just before graduation, forced by reality, etc.So, look before you leap, discard campus love and make a wiser decision after graduation. 34;Sample Writing 2On campus, lovers can b

41、e found here and there. They are very intimate with each other sometimes. Some people think too much intimacy has a bad influence. It takes lovers too much time and energy. Then how about their studies? Furthermore, their intimacy can also distract their own as well as other students attention from

42、study. Campus should be a place for study and should maintain an atmosphere of learning.35;On the other hand, other people believe it is OK. Pursuing love is all right to students on campus and intimacy is a natural expression of love. Some scholars of law hold that friendships and appropriate intim

43、acy are an important part of students development. A sociologist says, Students right to self-expression should be respected.In my opinion, what all people should do is just leave it as it is. University students are adults, and they can handle their own affairs well enough. However, they have to ad

44、mit that school is a place where people receive education and their main task is to study. Therefore, students are expected to behave themselves in proper ways.36;Sample Writing for editNowadays, campus love is popular. Some college teachers argue that students should give up love for the sake of le

45、arning. They maintain that love is time consuming and influences ones learning. Some students, however, hold that a student who falls in love will study harder and will make greater progress. They dont believe that a person in love lags behind in his studies.There are different kinds of love on camp

46、us. Some students regard love as killing time or adding color; some are pragmatic, thinking its difficult to find a better partner after graduation; the purpose of others is for seeking the impetus of study. Anyhow, far away from home and alone, seeking friendship, understanding and love, the boys a

47、nd girls easily find comfort and appreciation from one another.37;As a mater of fact, love is a sharp double-bladed knife. Having it will make you very happy; while losing it, you always feel disappointed and depressed. When the bond of love broken, going on studying as usual or sinking lament or ev

48、en being crazy depends on us. We will not let romantic entanglement interfere with our studies.Love is a natural and quiet. During the process of love we will experience romantic love, frustrating love and critical love and real love. True love will overcome our pain and dismay, warm our heart, and

49、spark our spirit with delight forces but not resistance.38;1996-01Directions:Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) be

50、low:1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。39;The Two-day Weekend The two-day weekend has brought a lot of benefits to college students. It not only offers us more time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest, but also gives us more chances to take up some hobbies, such as fishing, rea

51、ding, or gardening. From these activities we can learn many things outside the classroom, which will add to our knowledge.40; Despite the convenience it brings us, the two-day weekend has also given rise to quite a few problems. The most serious one is that the weekdays are filled with more lessons,

52、 sometimes too many. Because our classes are limited to Monday through Friday, we have to take more lessons each day than in the past. This leaves us little time to catch our breath during the weekdays. In order to benefit most from the two-day weekend, I have decided to make a good plan for the two

53、-day weekend. Of course I should take this chance to relax. But during the weekend, I will still set aside enough time to study. By doing so ii can have a good time as well as make progress in my studies. 41;1995-01Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composit

54、ion on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness)2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil)3. 我的看法42;Can Money Buy Happiness? Can money buy happiness? Various peo

55、ple have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness.But there are st

56、ill a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that cant be bought by money. Many people lose thei

57、r own lives when hunting it.43; I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it cant buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can

58、buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it cant buy happiness. 44;1993-01Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to wri

59、te a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 运动的积极因素；2. 运动的消极因素；3. 你的体会 45;Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport Sports benefit us in many respects. When

60、taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health. Through participation, everyone can learn that on the pl