语法篇专题状语从句ppt课件

1、专题十二专题十二 状语从句状语从句 状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语, , 又叫副词性从句。在句子又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语或其他动词、描画词、副词或是整个句子，它可中可修饰谓语或其他动词、描画词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、以用来表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、退让等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用退让等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。的词组引导。状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考

2、点。状语从句的分类及常用衔接词状语从句的分类及常用衔接词种种类类从属从属连词连词例句例句说明说明时时间间状状语语从从句句 whenwhenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like. when指指“某一具体的某一具体的时间时间”；whenever指指“在任何一在任何一个不具体的时间个不具体的时间”。 whileWhile John was reading, I was watching TV. I stayed w

3、hile he was away. while指指“在在期间期间”，引导的动作必须是，引导的动作必须是持续性的。持续性的。 asThey talked as they walked along the river.As time goes by, I like China better. as（一边（一边一边）表一边）表示持续性动作，强调主示持续性动作，强调主句和从句动作同时发生句和从句动作同时发生；随着。；随着。 bef-oreBefore I could get in a word, the tailor had measured me. (还没来得及就还没来得及就) We hadnt r

4、un a mile before he felt tired.(还没还没就就)We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.( 才才)Please write it down before you forget it. (趁还没趁还没就就) before引导从句时引导从句时，词义非常灵活。，词义非常灵活。 Afte-rHe arrived after the game started. tillunti-lHe remained there till/until she arrived.She wont go to bed till/until he retu

5、rns home.It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.Not until he returns home will she go to bed. 若主句动作是持续性动作若主句动作是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示，常用肯定式，表示“直直到到为止为止”；若主句动；若主句动作是瞬间动词，要用否定作是瞬间动词，要用否定式，表式，表“直直才才”，“在在以前不以前不”；从句放；从句放在句首时表示强调，一般在句首时表示强调，一般用用until并引起部分倒装。并引起部分倒装。 时时间间状状语语从从句句 sinceGreat change

6、s have taken place in China since 1978. since在时间状语从句中，不论在时间状语从句中，不论用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态用短暂动词、延续动词还是状态动词的一般过去时，通常都表示动词的一般过去时，通常都表示从动作或状态的完成或结束时算从动作或状态的完成或结束时算起，主句时态多用现在完成时。起，主句时态多用现在完成时。 as soon as hardly.when no sooner.thanthe momentthe instantthe secondimmediatelydirectlyinstantly As soon as I arrive in

7、Shanghai, Ill write to you.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.Immediately he came I told him the news.We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off.=No sooner had we reached the airport

8、 than the plane took off. 这这些些结结构构都都表表示示“一一就就”。时时间间状状语语从从句句every/each timenext/last timeby the timethe first time Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help.I fell in love with her the first time I saw her. 这类名词短语相当于这类名词短语相当于连词，引导时间状语连词，引导时间状语从句。从句。 地地点点状状语语从从句句wherewhereverWhere the

9、re is a will, there is a way.You can go wherever you like these days. where与与wherever意意义基本相同，但后者义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书语气较强，多用于书面语。面语。 原原因因状状语语从从句句 becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty. because用来回答用来回答why 的问的问题，语气最强，一般放在题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。主句之后。 sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our

10、meeting. since表示既然或已知的理表示既然或已知的理由，也可表示稍加分析就由，也可表示稍加分析就可知的原因，多放句首。可知的原因，多放句首。as并列连并列连词词forAs you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much.It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet. as引导的原因状语从句常引导的原因状语从句常放在句首，说明次要的原放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中；于口语中；f

11、or连接的是并列句。连接的是并列句。原原因因状状语语从从句句now thatseeing thatin thatconsidering that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. consid

12、ering that, seeing (that), now that, in that和和since 意义相似，都有意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实鉴于某个事实”的的意思。意思。 目目的的状状语语从从句句 so thatin order thatlest = for fear that You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes

13、 in case the weather is cold. 目的状语从句中常用情目的状语从句中常用情态动词放在动词之前，态动词放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。标点符号。注意：注意：so that和和in order that与与so as to和和in order to的转换。的转换。 结结果果状状语语从从句句 so thatso.thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.The boy is so young that he cant go t

14、o school. so that前有逗号为前有逗号为结果状语从句；结果状语从句；so.that的的so后面后面紧跟形容词或副词紧跟形容词或副词。 such.that He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. such.that的的such后面跟名词，如果后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用名词是单数就要用such a /an.that，还可以转换用还可以转换用so.that，语气较，语气较强。强。条条件件状状语语从从句句 ifIf not=unlessas/so long asin caseso/as far as We shall go

15、 there tomorrow unless it rains. =We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So long as you work hard, you will succeed.In case I forget, please remind me about it.So far as I know, the book will be published next month. unless和和if.not同义，同义，unless是书面语，是书面语，if.not是是口语，通常二者可以换用口语，通常二者可以换用；unless从句的谓

16、语只能用肯从句的谓语只能用肯定式；定式；条件状语从句中的谓语动条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。或过去将来时。 方方式式状状语语从从句句 asas if/though As water is to fish, so air is to man. Do as you are told to.He acted as if (though) nothing had happened. 此处此处as意为意为“按照或正按照或正如如”；as if或或as though的意义的意义和用法基本一样；和用法基本一样；从句中

17、可以用现在时，从句中可以用现在时，表示可能符合事实，也表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。可以用虚拟语气。 让让步步状状语语从从句句 thoughalthough Although its raining, they are still working in the field.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day. though、although等引等引导的让步状语从句，不导的让步状语从句，不能和能和but连用，但可以与连用，但可以与yet或或still连用。连用。though/although意义相意义相同，用法

18、基本相同。同，用法基本相同。 让让步步状状语语从从句句 even ifeven thoughWell make a trip even though the weather is bad. even if和和even though意为意为“即使即使”“”“纵使纵使”有退一有退一步设想的意味。步设想的意味。asChild as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. as引导的让步状语从句常引导的让步状语从句常放在句首，并用部分倒装放在句首，并用部分倒装；此时，可与；此时，可与though换用换用。 no matter wh-

19、No matter what happened, he would not mindno matter wh-与与wh-+ever引导的让步状语从句意义引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，基本一样，no matter wh-引导的从句可以位于主句引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。前或主句后。 wh-everWhateverhappened, he would not mind.判断判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的要点：还是名词性从句的要点：名词性从句，主句中一定有一个名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要由从句担任，一般从句与成分要由从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗

20、号。主句之间没有逗号。 比比较较状状语语从从句句 as.asnot so/as.asthe same.assuch.as Mary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter. 表示同程度级别的比表示同程度级别的比较，肯定句用较，肯定句用as.as否定句可用否定句可用not as.as 或或not so.as。 thanHe runs less fast than me.

21、表示不同程度的比较表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。副词的比较级。the more.the moreThe more you read, the better you understand.The sooner, the better the more.the more意为意为“越越越越”，从句，从句在前主句在后，这两个在前主句在后，这两个the都修饰表示程度的副都修饰表示程度的副词，用在形容词或副词比词，用在形容词或副词比较级的前面；若句意明显较级的前面；若句意明显，句子的主语和动词都可，句子的主语和动词都可省略。省略。 .特特殊殊形形式式状状语语从从句句

22、that Im pretty sure（that） hell agree.Im sorry (that) I didnt have time to write you.I am afraid that I cant go with you. that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个作引导的从句，往往跟在一个作表语的形容词后面，从概念上看是表语的形容词后面，从概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从，用来修饰表语的形容词。这

23、种从句的连词常常被省略。句的连词常常被省略。 【考点一】调查【考点一】调查while，when和和asas, when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。引导的从句中用短暂性动词。Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导，不可用引导，不可用as 或或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.从句表示从句表示“随时间推移连词可用随时间推移连词可用as，不用，

24、不用when 或或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.when还含有还含有“at that moment的意思的意思= and then，引导的句，引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来交换。来交换。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.【即学即练】【即学即练】单项填空单项填空She had just finished her homework _her mother asked her to practice playing the p

25、iano yesterday. 2021福建福建A. when B. while C. after D. since解析：选解析：选A。调查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓。调查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前曾经完成，引导词的意思是语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前曾经完成，引导词的意思是“这这时。时。 【考点二】调查【考点二】调查until和和till(1)两个连词意义一样。用于一定句中表示两个连词意义一样。用于一定句中表示“做某事直至某时，动做某事直至某时，动词词必需是延续性的；用于否认句中表示必需是延续性的；用于否认句中表示“直至某时才做某

26、事，通常直至某时才做某事，通常与短暂动词的否认式连用，这时，与短暂动词的否认式连用，这时，until和和till也可用也可用before替代。正替代。正确运用这两个连词的关键在于判别句中的动词该用一定式还能否认确运用这两个连词的关键在于判别句中的动词该用一定式还能否认式。式。He waited until/till we finished our meal.I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.(2)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句普通从句普通不放在句首。不放在句首。Un

27、til he told me, I knew nothing about it.(3)否认句可用另外两种句式表示。否认句可用另外两种句式表示。not until. 在句首时，主句用倒装。在句首时，主句用倒装。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. not until用在强调句中，构成用在强调句中，构成“It is/was not until. that. 强调句强调句型。型。It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time

28、I had wasted. 【考点三】调查【考点三】调查because，since，as和和for(1)because语气最强，用来回答语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。的提问，放在主句的前后均可。以下情况下只能运用以下情况下只能运用because：在回答在回答why的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被的问句时；在用于强调句型时；被not所否认时。所否认时。You want to know why Im leaving. Im leaving because Im full. It was because I love the job that I accepted the off

29、er.I didnt like the job because Im bad-paid.(2)表示曾经知道的缘由时用表示曾经知道的缘由时用as或或since，即某种缘由在说话人看来曾，即某种缘由在说话人看来曾经很明显，或已为听话人所熟习，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。经很明显，或已为听话人所熟习，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比要比as正式一些。正式一些。Since you dont understand, I will explain it again. (3)for的语气不及的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主

30、句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进展补充和解释。测提供理由，或对前一分句进展补充和解释。Its morning now, for the birds are singing. 【考点四】调查【考点四】调查“一一就就构造构造 英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一一就就，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。这些词短语，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。这些词短语归纳起来，主要有以下几类：归纳起来，主要有以下几类：名词类：主要有名词类：主

31、要有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the day 等。等。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. The instant he opened the door he saw the thief. He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in . 副词类：主要有副词类：主要有immediately, directly, instantly, once 等。等。Once he arrives, we can start.

32、 Immediately he came I told him the news.句型类：主要有句型类：主要有no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.when。假设将。假设将 no sooner, hardly，scarcely置于句首，那么其后要用倒装语序。置于句首，那么其后要用倒装语序。We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.=H

33、ardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 【考点五】调查【考点五】调查though的用法的用法though conj. 虽然；虽然不与虽然；虽然不与but连用，但可以跟连用，但可以跟yet, still连连用；也可用作副词在句尾，表示用；也可用作副词在句尾，表示“然而。然而。Though we are poor, we are still happy. He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. as/though引导的退让状语从句用部分倒装。可以把表语、状语、引导的退让状语从句用部分倒装。可以把

34、表语、状语、谓语提早。假设表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。谓语提早。假设表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.Much as/though I like it, I dont want to buy it.Try as/though he might, he wouldnt succeed.as though= as if；even though= even ifYou sound as though/if youve caught a cold. Even though/if we achieve great succes

35、ses in our work, we should not be conceited. 【难点一】几种特殊句型构造的区别【难点一】几种特殊句型构造的区别用一个恰当的词完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。用一个恰当的词完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. Did Jack come back early last night?Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ h

36、e arrived home. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. It was some time _ we realized the truth. 解析：以下的解析：以下的It句型表示的含义各不一样：句型表示的含义各不一样：(1)“It is/was+时辰时辰+when从句表示从句表示“某事发生时是什么时候。某事发生时是什么时候。(2)“It is/has been+时间段时间段+since从句表示从句表示“自从自从以来有多长时以来有多长时间了。间了。(3)“It will/would be+时间段时间段+befor

37、e 从句表示从句表示“还要过多长时还要过多长时间间才才。(4)“It will/would not be+时间段时间段+before 从句表示从句表示“过不了多长时过不了多长时间间就会就会。(5)“It was+时间段时间段+before从句表示从句表示“过了多长时间才过了多长时间才。(6)“It was not+时间段时间段+before从句表示从句表示“没过多长时间就没过多长时间就。所以，第题调查的是句型：所以，第题调查的是句型：It will/would be+时间段时间段+before 从句。从句。第题调查的是句型：第题调查的是句型：It is/was+时辰时辰+when从句。第题调查

38、的是从句。第题调查的是句型：句型：It is/has been+时间段时间段+since从句；第调查的是句型：从句；第调查的是句型：It was+时间段时间段+before从句。从句。温馨提示：留意下面两句话的含义。温馨提示：留意下面两句话的含义。It is five years since I lived in Jinan.自从我不住在济南以来曾经自从我不住在济南以来曾经5年了。年了。It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.自从我住在济南以来曾经自从我住在济南以来曾经5年了。年了。 【难点二】状语从句中的时态【难点二】状语从句中的时态用

39、括号内所给词的正确方式完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。用括号内所给词的正确方式完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。She will get married when she _ (meet) the right man.We wont climb up the mountain until rain _(stop).解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用普通如今时表示未来时、用解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用普通如今时表示未来时、用如今完成时表示未来完成时。第题从句用普通如今时表示普通如今完成时表示未来完成时。第题从句用普通如今时表示普通未来时，空白处填未来时，空白处填meets。第题用如今完成时表示未来完

40、成时，。第题用如今完成时表示未来完成时，空白处填空白处填has stopped。 【难点三】【难点三】only if和和if only用用only if或或if only完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。完成以下句子，使之完好、正确。 _you study hard, you will pass the test._ I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.解析：解析：only if 引导的从句用陈说语气，意为引导的从句用陈说语气，意为“只需；只需；if only引导的引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为从句要用虚拟语气

41、，意为“但愿但愿，“要是要是就好了。所以就好了。所以第题填第题填Only if，第题，第题If only。1. Mary made coffee _her guests were finishing their meal. (2021全国全国)A. so that B. although C. while D. as if解析：选解析：选C。句意为：当她的客人们将要终了用餐的时候，。句意为：当她的客人们将要终了用餐的时候，Mary做了咖啡。做了咖啡。so that以便，表示目的；以便，表示目的；although虽然，虽然，虽然，虽然，表退让；表退让；as if好似，好似，while当当的时候。

42、的时候。2. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. (2021全国全国)A. or B. unlessC. but D. whether解析：选解析：选B。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。故事。or或者，表示选择；或者，表示选择；unless除非，表示条件；除非，表示条件；but但是，但是，表示转机；表示转机；whether能否。根据句意选择能否。根据句意选择B。3. _ you may have, you should gather you

43、r courage to face the challenge. (2021上海上海)A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem解析：选解析：选C。句意为：无论他有多么严重的问题，他都应该鼓起勇。句意为：无论他有多么严重的问题，他都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。气面对挑战。however表示退让时其顺序应是：表示退让时其顺序应是：however+描画词描画词+主语主语+谓语。谓语。however作衔接副词，相当于作衔接副词，相当于

44、no matter how,后接描画后接描画词或副词，意为词或副词，意为“无论、不论无论、不论 ，引导退让状语从句。，引导退让状语从句。4. _ our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2021上海上海)A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After解析：选解析：选B。句意为：除非我们经理反对。句意为：除非我们经理反对Tom参与俱乐部，不然我参与俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。们都应接受他成为其中一员。unless除非等于除非等于if not。5.

45、 The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, _ they have the interest. (2021安徽安徽)A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if解析：选解析：选C。句意为：工程师们非常忙碌，即使。句意为：工程师们非常忙碌，即使even if有户外有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。6. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer

46、you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2021安徽安徽)A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until解析：选解析：选A。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给他换。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给他换。as soon as一一就就，符合语境。，符合语境。7. Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. (2021湖南湖南)A. if B. even though C. unlessD. as long as解

47、析：选解析：选B。调查连词。句意为：。调查连词。句意为：Tim身体很好，虽然他不怎样锻身体很好，虽然他不怎样锻炼。炼。8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2021辽宁辽宁)A. although B. unless C. because D. if解析：选解析：选C。句意为：这位老人叫。句意为：这位老人叫Lucy挪到另一把椅子上由于他想挪到另一把椅子上由于他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑

48、意义上存在因果关系，所以用所以用because引导缘由状语从句。引导缘由状语从句。although引导退让状语从句，引导退让状语从句，unless和和if引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。9. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. (2021山东山东)once B. when C. if D. unless解析：选解析：选D。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否那么。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成

49、年人陪同，否那么孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词连词+过去分词构过去分词构造。造。10. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. (2021陕西陕西)A. when B. after C. before D. since解析：选解析：选C。调查状语从句。调查状语从句。“Itwillbe+时间段时间段+状语从句是状语从句是固定句型，意思是：过多久才固定句型，意思是：过多久才。11. When shall we restart our business?Not until

50、 we _ our plan. (2021四川四川)A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished解析：选解析：选D。句意为：。句意为：我们的生意何时重新开张？我们的生意何时重新开张？直到完直到完成我们的方案。在时间状语从句中，经常用普通如今时表示未来，成我们的方案。在时间状语从句中，经常用普通如今时表示未来，用如今完成时替代未来完成时。此处为用如今完成时替代未来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，引导的时间状语从句，故用如今完成时。故用如今完成时。12. Because of the heavy tr

51、affic，it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office. (2021四川四川)A. since B. that C. when D. until 解析：选解析：选C。句意为：由于交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时曾经是午。句意为：由于交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时曾经是午休的时间了。此处应为休的时间了。此处应为when引导的时间状语从句。引导的时间状语从句。13. Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. (2021重庆重庆)A. when B. where C. how D. what解析：选