李辉老师语法主谓一致

1、- 1 - 讲义主谓一致谓语动词三要素：主被动 、时态 、主谓一致 （虚拟语气、情态动词）主语和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是主谓一致 。也就是， 如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式； 如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。my family _is _ (be) a big one. my family _are_ (be) watching tv. family = 整体（一个家）= 单数family = 家庭里所有的成员= 复数【壹】语法形式一致原则一、主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时，主谓一致仍看中心词表示增加的：as well as, with , along

2、 with , together with , in addition to, accompanied by , besides , plus 等along with 和in addition to 除此之外（包含前面的内容）besides 除此之外（包含前面的内容）accompanied by 跟随着plus 加上，还有the man (together with his wife and children) sitson the sofa watching tv. 那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。the man, his wife and their children sit on t

3、he sofa watching tv. and是并列 连词表示减去的：except, but （除去）等all the students (except tom) have been to america. - 2 - 除汤姆外，其他学生都去过美国。i want nobody but you. 表示补充说明的：including, rather than , like （像） , such as 等the text book, plus its reference books, is well designed . 这本教材，还有参考书，设计的都很好。someone like you 小试牛

4、刀1. （ 2004 北京） the teacher , (with6 girls and 8 boys) (of her class), _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. a. was b. were c. had been d. would be 2. （2012 陕西） the basketball coach, (as well as his team), _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. a. were b. w

5、as c. is d. are 3. （2007 江西） a survey (of the opinions) (of experts) _ that three hours (of outdoor exercise a week) _ good for ones health. a. show; are b. shows; is c. show; is d. shows; are 4. （2010 四川） such poets (as shakespeare) _ widely read, of whose works, however, some _ difficult to unders

6、tand. a. are; are b. is; is c. are; is d. is: are 5. （2007 湖南） we live day by day, but in the great things, the time (of days and weeks) _ so small that a day is unimportant. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 二、从句作主语单个从句做主语时（= 一件事），谓语动词用单数；多个从句做主语时（= 多件事），谓语动词用复数；由 what 引导的主语从句，参看【意义一致原则】部分。小试牛刀

7、6. how close parents are to their children _ a strong influence (on the character) (of the children). a. are b. were c. is d. was - 3 - 7. when we are to hold the sports meeting _ been decided. whether he succeeds or fails _ matter. a. have; don t b. has; don t c. have; doesn t d. has; doesn t 8. th

8、at they were wrong (in these matters) _ now clear to us all. a. is b. was c. are d. were 三、动词不定式（ to do ） 、动名词（ doing ）作主语如果是一个动名词或动词不定式做主语（= 一件事），谓语动词用单数。looking after the children is my full time job. to die for the people is a worthy death. when and where to hold the meeting is unknown. 两个或两个以上（指

9、不同的事时= 多件事），则要用复数。playing basketball and swimming are his favorite sports. when to hold the meeting and where to hold the meeting are unknown. 小试牛刀9. when and where to build the new factory _ yet. is not decidedhas not been decided a. is not decided b. are not decided c. has not decided d. have not

10、decided 10. when to leave and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. a. are not decidedb. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 11. （2010 湖南）listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. causeshas causeda. is b. are c. has d.

11、have 12. going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best. a. is; is b. are; is c. is; are d. are; are - 4 - 四、用 and 连接的两个表示不同概念的名词（u/c ）作主语，谓语动词用复数形式u = un count able 不可数c = count able 可数小试牛刀13. both rice and wheat _ grown in that co

12、untry. a. is b. are c. was d. has 14. light and heat _ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being （非谓语）15. both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting. a. has b. have c. are d. is 五、 “this kind(of + 名词)”与“名词 + (of this kind )”由 a kind of, this kind o

13、f, many kinds of后跟名词做主语时，谓语要和kind 保持一致。“名词 +of this kind”做主语时，谓语在单复数上要和名词保持一致。因为 of 短语通常做定语，主语的主体还是of 前的部分。类似这种情况还适用于：type, sort, form, part, piece等。 of 后面的名词是可数名词时可以用单数也可用复数。例： this kind (of books) is useful. = books (of this kind) are useful. 小试牛刀16. this kind (of snakes) _ very dangerous. these k

14、inds (of metal) _ hard to find. a. is; is b. are; is c. is; are d. are; are 17. this kind (of stories) _ instructive whilestories (of that kind) _ harmful to children. a. is; seems b. are; seem c. is; seem d. are; seems 18. many kinds (of furniture) _ being transported from beijing to tianjin. a. is

15、 b. are c. having （非谓）d. was 19. applesof this kind _. - 5 - a. tastes good b. tastes well c. taste good d. taste well 六、倒装句的主谓一致要看原主语例： such is my plan. 这就是我的计划。such arehis words. 这就是他的话。the following aregood examples. 下面是一些好例子。小试牛刀20. such _ albert einstein, a simple man of great achievements. suc

16、h _ her words. a. were; were b. was; were c. were; were d. was; was 21. he bought me two novels and an english dictionary. such _ the gifts (he gave me). a. was b. is c. were d. are 22. at the station _ a teacher and two students (on their way) (to the city). a. were b. was c. is d. sits 23. on the

17、wall _ two large portraits. a. hangs b. hang c. hanged d. hanging （非谓语）【贰】意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义， 而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例： the united states is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。一、表示“时间、温度、重量、距离、金额”等的复数名词作主语一般把它们看作一个整体来表示一定的量，谓语动词用单数。例： twenty years is only a short time in human histo

18、ry. 在人类的历史中，二十年只不过是很短暂的一段时间 。（在这里，把“二十年”看成“一段时间”。 ）小试牛刀1. where _ that five pounds (i lent you)? - 6 - a. is b. have c. was d. were 2. i don t like very hot weather. thirty degrees _ too warm for me. a. is b. are c. was d. were 3. six times seven _ forty-two. a. are b. is c. have d. was 4. a thousan

19、d miles no longer _ much to us today, for modem jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours. a. meant b. means c. mean d. will mean 5. twenty-five years _ (since i graduated) (from college). a. pass b. passed c. has passed d. has been passed 二、以 the + adj. （或过去分词）结构作主语t

20、he poor = the poor (people) the poor = the poor (person) = the poor (one) 谓语动词常用复数形式，如the brave, the poor, the blind, the sick, the unemployed等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。例： the rich are to help the poor. the dead are soon forgotten. generally speaking, the young are eager for success. the wounded was

21、a young boy. 小试牛刀6. the sick _ been cured and the lost _ been found. a. has; have b. have; has c. have; have d. has; has 7. the poor _ always dreaming _ becoming rich. a. are; in b. is; to c. is; of d. are; of dream (that) + 句子dream of + 名词动名词doing 8. the chinese usually _ chopsticks for meals, whil

22、e the british _ knives and forks. a. use; uses b. uses; use c. use; use d. used; use - 7 - 三、not., but. “不是而是” ，谓语要和“而是”后面的名词保持一致小试牛刀9. i, not you, _ in the wrong. not i but he _ been invited. a. were, have b. were, has c. was, has d. was, have 10. not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward

23、 to seeing the film. a. is b. are c. am d. be 11. not his sister but his two cousins _ to hainan, never to be seen again. a. had gone b. have gone c. has been d. have been 四、如果 and 连接的两个名词，指同一个人或事时，谓语用单数两个名词表示同一个人时，后面的名词前没有冠词the writer and the professor have arrived. 那个作家和那个教授已经到了。the writer and pro

24、fessor has arrived. 既是作家又是教授的那个人到了。常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数bread and butter 黄油面包bread and cheese 涂奶酪的面包a knife and fork 一副刀叉a watch and chain一只系有表带的手表a cart and horse一辆马车needle and thread 针线law and order 法律和秩序bread and butter is her favorite food. 黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。trial and error is the source of our

25、 knowledge. 反复实验（不断摸索）是我们知识的来源。- 8 - 小试牛刀12. early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise. a. making （非谓语）b. to make （非谓语）c. make d. makes 13. there _ a needle and thread. you can do the sewing and mending yourself. a. have b. has c. is d. are 14. our league secretary (团支书 ) and mo

26、nitor (班长 ) _ the lead ( 领头 ) in everything. our league secretary and the monitor _ good friends. a. take; are b. take; is c. takes; is d. takes; are 五、a number of与 the number of “a number of + 可数名词复数 ”作主语，谓语用复数“the number of + 名词复数”作主语，表示“的数字”，实际上是一个数字，谓语用单数。小试牛刀15. the number of the people invited

27、 _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. a. were, was b. was; was c. was; were d. were; were 16. （2009 山东） the number of foreign students (attending chinese universities) _ rising steadily since 1990. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 17. （2010 四川） the school was moved out

28、of downtown as the number of students had grown too _. a. small b. few c. large d. many 六、population（人口数；所有的人）the population of，强调的是“人口数” ，是一个“数字” ，作主语时后面的谓语一般用单数；但是当“分数+ of the population”时，后面谓语一般用复数形式。 the population of the city _ is_ two million. two thirds of the population _are_ workers . 小试牛刀-

29、 9 - 18. the population of china _over 14 million and over 80 percent of its population _ peasants. a. is, are b. are, is c. is, is d. are, are 19. （2009 江苏） the population of jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. the figure is now approaching 74 million. a. has grown b. have grown c. gr

30、ew d. are growing 七、all 做主语表示人时，谓语用复数；若表事，谓语则用单数例： all is well (that ends well). = all (that ends well) is well. all are eager to reach an agreement. 小试牛刀20. “ all _ present and all _ going on well,” said our monitor. a. is, is b. are, are c. are, is d. is, are 21. all (that can be done) _ done. a.

31、has been b. have been c. has d. have 22. all (but one) _ here just now. all (that i want to say) _ this. a. was; were b. was; is c. were; is d. were; were 23. little _ done to prevent the air from being polluted. much _ done to fight against pollution. a. has been; have been b. have; has c. has been

32、; has been d. have been; have been 八、what 引导的句子做主语时，谓语要看后面的名词例： what he gave mearefive english books . 他给我的是5 本英语书。what he needsis money. 他需要的是钱。小试牛刀24. what we need _ good textbooks. a. is b. are c. have d. has 25. most of what has been said (about the smiths) _ also true of the johnsons. a. are b.

33、 is c. being d. to be 26. what they have done _ of great use to us. what he says and what he does _ agree. - 10 - a. is; not b. is; do not c. are; does not d. are; not 【叁】所谓“就近一致原则”一、在 there be的结构中当有几个并列实义主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式一般要与第一个主语保持一致。例： there is a desk and four benches in the office. 办公室有一张桌子，四条长凳。th

34、ere aretwo chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室有两把椅子一张桌子。小试牛刀there is a boy. （a boy is there.）a boy stands there. there stands a boy. a boy sits there. there sits a boy. 1. there _ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. a. has b. have c. is d. are 2. _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hil

35、l. a. there stand; at b. there stands; under c. stands there; under d. there stands; at 3. _ a small village beyond the mountains. a. there lie b. there laying c. there lies d. there has 二、or, either. or , neither. nor., not only. but also.连接两个主语时在陈述句中，谓语在人称和数上与后一个保持一致you or heis to blame. 你或他有一个人要受

36、责备。either a or b- 11 - 在疑问句中，要看最前面的那个主语。are you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？both a and b = 2 either a or b = 1 neither a nor b = 0 救近原则= 就近原则小试牛刀4. （2009 湖南） either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. a. are b. is c. have d. be 5. neither you nor i, nor anyone else _ the answer. a. knows b. know c. has been known d. is knowing 6. one or perhaps more page s _. a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing 7. not only i but jane and mary _ tired of having one examination after another. a. is b. are c. am d. be 【肆】查漏补缺用 and