初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导(一)

1、初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学牛在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、 短语、旬型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之i'可的灵活运川能力。i .题型介绍所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子a,再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句 子b的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。ii 题型分类从形式上看，有如下儿种形式：%1 某一词或词组的转换；词组与句子的转换；同义句型的转换；为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题tl。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：%1 句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、疑问句、祈使

2、句、感叹句四种题的转换；%1 句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句z间的转换；%1 语态的转换。即主动语态为被动语态z间的转换；常用句型为词汇手段的转换。iii.具体分类如下一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用no来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, haidly 等，例如:tom does well in maths.tom doesn' t do in maths.he has much to do.hehas nothi

3、ng to do.all of my classmates like art.-none of my classmates likes art.2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：my brother often has breakfast at school.docs your brother often have breakfast at school?tom' s already weak in english.tom' s already weak in english, isn' t he ?the red ligh

4、t changes every two minutes.how often does the red light change?3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：this is an interesting book.-what an interesting book this is! 或 how interesting this book is!二、同义句转换根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。常见的同义词或词组有：四个“花费” (sp

5、end一take一cost一take)；三个“到达”(get toreacharrive in/at)；(3) 四个“收到來信 ”(hear fromget a letter fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter from)；(4) 两个"擅长于” (be good at do well in)：(5) 两个"有空"(be free一have time)；三个“入睡”(go to sleep一get to sleep一fall asleep)；(7) 两个"玩得开心 ” (enjoy oneselfhave a g

6、ood time )；(8) “给打电话"(call sb一telephone sb一ring sb. a call一make a telephone to sb.)(9) "飞往” (fly togo to-by air/plane)(10) “向学” (teach oneselflearn- by oneself)(11) 在方血帮助 help*withhelp(to)do(12) 在差 be weak in一do badly in(13) 能/会canbe able to(14) 更喜欢like-better thanprefer-to-(15) 充满了 be ful

7、l ofbe filled with-(16) 放弃干纟阮 up doingstop doing(不再 no longernot any longer(18) 照顾/保管 take care oflook after(19) 展览 on showon display(20) 阻 i上于stopfrom doing一keep/prevent from doing(21) 由 t thanks to一because of-(22) 举于 hands up一put up one' s hands(23) 最后,终于 at last一in the end(24) 与同 be different

8、 fronvbe not the same as(25) 从借入boirowfrom一lendto(26) 乘公汽/火车/的士 go to-by bus/train/taxitake a bus /train/taxi to-(27) 乘自行车去go toby bike一ride a bike to(28) 为感到自豪 be proud ofbe the pride of(29) 步行去 walk togo toon foot(30) 独自地 by oneself 一alone 等。(31) 多于，超过 over = more than例如：a： the children had a good

9、 time in the park.b： the children enjoyed themselves in the park.3、反义词之间的转换常见的反义词或反义词组有：(1) catch up with/fall behind(2) the same as/different from例如：tom borrowed a story book from the boy just now.the boya story booktom just now.(borrow-from-与 lend-.to 之间的转换)4、运用派生词或多义词改写：如：the snow was heavy last

10、night.(改写同义旬)=it snowed heavily last night.the rain was heavy yesterday evening. yesterday evening.5、同义句型之间的转化常见的同义句型有：©it seems that 从句f somebody seems (to be) +adj/n%1 ii' s kind of sb. to dosomebody is kind to do(3) what docsmcan?f whal do you mean by？ 或 what" s the meaning of-?

11、9;there is something wrong withsomething is wrong with-%1 no(until与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换%1 what' s wrong with？what' s the matter with？%1 how is？-*what' stike？%1 how do you like？f what do you think of?%1 it，s time thatit' s time for sb. to do%1 it' s said thatpeople say th

12、at%1 can i help you? what can i do for you?例如：i went to bed after i finished my homework.i didn" t go to bed until i finished my homework.6、if引导的条件状语从句的转化例如：if it doesn, t rain tomorrow, they" 11 go to the park.unless it rains tomorrow，they" 11 go to the park.if you don" t hurry,

13、 you，11 be late.hurry up, or you' 11 be late.fish can' t live if there is no water.fish can' t live without water.7、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结朿性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常 见的动词转换有：buy一have,borrowkeep,die一be dead,openbe open,joinbe in+纟h织/be a +成员，beginbe on,leavebe away from,closebe closed,ar

14、rive in/ get to/ come/go to一be in/at,finish一be over,go to sleep一be asleep,get up一be up.例如：the old man died five months ago.the old man has been dead since five months ago.the old man has been dead for five months.it's five months since the old man died.five months has passed since the old man di

15、ed.8、简单句与复合句z间的转换%1 含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换例如：i saw they were playing football on the playgroundi saw them playing football on the playgroundthe teacher found that she was very clever.the teacher found her very clever.he found that it was hard to learn english well.he found it hard to leam english well.we

16、are sure that we will win to first match.we are sure to win to first match.市疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构例如：a： could you tell me how i can get to the railway station?b： could you tell me how to get to the railway station?a： we don' t know what we should do next-b： we don, t know what to do next.

17、%1 山 when/after/before/while/since/until 引导的时间状语从句口j转化为 when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing- 例如：a： they went home after they finished their work.b： the went home after finishing their work.a： mr smith has taught english since he came to china.b： mr smith has taught english since coming to chi

18、na.when sb. +be+数词+years old-at the age of+岁数例如a： when he was twelve years old, edison started writing his own newspaper.b： at the age of twelve, edison started writing his own newspaper.%1 由so*-that引导的结果状语从句可转化为too*-to do或enough to do例如：a： the box is so heavy that i can? t carry it.b： the box is to

19、o heavy for me to carry. 或：the box isn' t light enough for me to carry.a： the child is so old that he can go to school.b： the child is old enough to go to school.%1 由so that引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如：a： my father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus.b： my father got

20、up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.%1 tl because弓i导的原因状语从句门j转化为because of-例如：we didn' t go to the park because it rained.we didn' t go to the park because of the rain.%1 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语例如：the man who is on the bike is jim.the man on the bike is jim.the man who is drivin

21、g the red car is my boss.the man driving the red car is my bossthe girl who is called mary is my siste匚the girl called mary is my sister.9 用并列连词 neither-nor； either or ;both and ;not only-but also 连 句例如：a： i haven" t seen a tv play for long, and lily hasn, t either.b： neither i nor lily has seen a tv play for long.a： tom is good