延续性动词与短暂性动词讲解与练习

1、短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时姓名：短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等； 短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for 或 since 或 how long 等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除

2、了“for+ 一段时间”夕卜，还有since+n./ 从句（时间点） , since+寸问段 +ago,疑问词 how long , in the past+ 时间段 , all these+ 时间段，from ? to （时间点）以及 till/until+n./ 句子等等。例如：这位老人已经死了十年了。the old man has died for ten years. （ x ） （die “死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一 段时间连用）the old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago （v）（dietbe dead,

3、 die 是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的 be dead, dead 是 die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）2. 我买了这块手表五年了。i have bought this watch for five years. （ x ） （buy 买”短暂性动词，不能与for+ 一段时间连用） i have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （v）（buythave, buy 这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have 的状态， have可以延续）3. 我离开家乡已十年了。i have

4、left hometown for 10 years. （x） （ leave 离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+ 段时间连用）i have been away from hometown for 10 years. （v）（leave be away, leave 这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态， be away 表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段许用。如：i haven t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。she hasn t come here for an hour. 她来这

5、儿还没有一个小时。如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：borrow t keep, have finish tbe over, leave tbe away (from) marrybe married fall (get) ill t be ill get upt be up move to t live in go to school be in school/be a begin/start tbe on get to knowt know lose/die/sell/leave be gone jo

6、in /take part in be in/be a member of return to/come back to/go back to be back(to) come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) there be here (there) 一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。例：he died 10 years ago. / he has been dead for 10 years. die be dead 1. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /he has ke

7、pt the book for 2 bought the bike a month ago. /he has had the bike for a month.7 arrived here last year./he has been here since last year. 4. they turned on the light 2 hours ago. /the light has been on for 2 hours. 5. he left here 2 years ago. /he has been away from here for 2 years. 6. the film b

8、egan 30 minutes ago. /the film has been on for 30 opened the door an hour ago. /the door has been open for an hour. they closed the door an hour ago. /the door has been closed for an hour. _ ?一二、选择题。( )grandfather for two years. a. died b. has died c. has been dead d. has been died ( )s six weeks i

9、met you last. a. when b. since c. before d. for ( )father _ the party since 1978 . b. has joined in . been in ( )4.do you know him well sure .we friends since ten years ago . a. were b . have been c . have become d . have made buy / get have, die t be dead closw be closed open t be open fall asleep

10、be asleep go out t be out put on t wear/be on come/go/become be student begin to study study wake/wake up tbe awake catch/get a cold have a cold come/arrive/reach/get to tbe in ( )up! the play for ten minutes . a. has begun b . had begun c . has been on d. began ( )ten years since he left the army.

11、a. is b . has c . will d . was ( )uncle for more than 9 years. a. has come here b. has started to work c. has lived there d. has left the city ( )8.how long has robert since 2004. a. been in beijing b. become a policeman c. joined the art club d. studied in this school )home for a week. a. have retu

12、rned b. have been back c. returned d. am returned ( )20. how long _ he _ a. died b. has, died c. has, been dead d. did, died ( )21. he at eight yesterday afternoon. a. slept b. was sleeping c. has sleep d. had slept ( )long you ill -two weeks. a. did fall b. have, fell c. have, been d. have, had ( )

13、2000, he his hometown. a. has left b. has moved away c. has been away from d. left ( )ll lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days. a. borrow b. keep c. take d. took ( )bus on the road for 2 hours so far. a. has stopped b. stopped c. has beerid. is (a. buy b. bought c. had d. buys )he arriv

14、ed at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. a. has left b. had left c. has been away d. had been away )13the factory _ since the february of 1988. a . has been open b. has opened c. was open d. opened )14. mary and rose _ friends since they met in 2000. a. have made b. have been c. made d. have be

15、come )15. you mustnt _ until he comes back. a. be away b. leave c. be left d. have left )meeting _ for a week now. a. has finished b. has ended c. has been over d. ended ).miss gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. a. has been in b. has come to c. has taught d. taught ) _ a teacher for 4 years . a.

16、has been b. has become c. was d. became )father the party since 1978. a. joined b. has joined c. was in d. has been in )long have you the library book -for about two weeks . a. borrow b. borrowed c. are borrowing d. kept )long has he this car -for two years. ( )you the jacket these days a. wearing b

17、. putting on c. dressing d. on ( ) _ for 2 hours. a. got up b. has got up c. has been up d. is up ( )28. tom is ill in hospital. he a cold for several days. a. is b. catches c. has caught d. has had ( )he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes. a. has left b. had left c. has been away d. ha

18、d been away ( )30. he at eight yesterday afternoon. a. slept b. was sleeping c. has sleep d. had slept ( )31. how long have you here a. come b. got c. arrived d. been ( )32. my grandpa died. a. at the age of my 2 b. for 2 years i was 2. d. my age was 6. 二. 句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。例如. mr. li began to teach e

19、nglish in this school in 1999. tmr. li has taught english in this school since 1999. 2. the factory opened ten years ago. the factory for ten years. 3. john left beijing three years ago. t john beijing three years. 4. his company opened in 2003. his company since 2003. 5. my father bought the car half a year ago. my father the car half a year. 6. we got to know each other for about 1