初中英语语法知识点：宾语从句

1、初中英语语法知识点：宾语从句为了提高同学们的英语复习效率，中国教育在线整理了 初中英语语法之宾语从句，宾语从句是初中英语知识中的重 点和难点。下面为大家详细讲解一下。宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个 主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分， 它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就 叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。简单句 she knew the teacher 复合句 she knew that the teacher had seen the film.1 语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用 陈

2、述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句”句式。根据连接词在从 句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词 有：who, what, which 等。女口：could you tell me who knows the answer, please?你能告 诉我谁知道答案吗？the small children don9t know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。i don，t know which belongs to my father.连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。 常见的连接

3、词有：whose, what, which, how many, how much 等。如：he asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他 问我们班上谁的书法最好。the teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或 表语。常见的连接词有：who, what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether o 女口：h

4、e hasift decided if he41 go on a trip to wuxi.他还没决 定是否去无锡旅行。could you tell me what i should do with the money ?你 能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或 表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which, how many, how much, how 等。如i：do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班 吗？she asked me if i knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道

5、这是谁的钢笔。2.连接词当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词 义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。女口：he said that he could finish his work before supper.他说 他会在晚饭前完成工作。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用讦或whether引 导，意为“是否”。如:i dorft know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.但在下列情况下只能用whether： 在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whethero如:let

6、me know whether /if he will come or not.i dorf t know whether/if he does any washing or not.i wonder whether we stay or whether we go. 在介词之后用whether。女口：fm interested in whether he likes english.我关心的是他 是否喜欢英语。we5 re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.i worry about whether i hurt he

7、r feelings.我担心是否伤 了她的感情。 在不定式前用whethero女口：he hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决 定是否拜访那位老人。i dorft know whether to go.我不知去否。he hasn，t decided whether to go by bus or by train.彳也还 未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。女口：whether this is true or not, i carft say这是否真的我说 不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句

8、时宜用whethero女口：whether she will come or not is still a question.她是杏'能 来还是个问题。the question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我 们能否赶上公共汽车。 若用if会引起歧义时,则用whethero如:please let me know if you like the book可理解为：a. please let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否 喜欢这本书。b if you like the book, please

9、let me know.你如果 喜欢这本书，请告诉我。如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊 疑问词引导。女mcould you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?3 时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应 应包括以下三点内容：如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词 可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。女口：i don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何 时回来。he tells me that his sister came back yeste

10、rday.他告诉我 他姐姐昨天回来了。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词 只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、 过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。女口： the children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道 他是谁。 he asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件 事是如何发生的。如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然 现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用 一般现在时。女口：the teacher said that the earth goes round t

11、he sun.老j）帀说 地球绕着太阳转。4.注意:if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句, 应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when 引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主 句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假 如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用 一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干 中进行综合考查。女口：一do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你 知道他明天什么时候回来吗？一sorry, i don't know. when he

12、comes back, fll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。一i don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。一he will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨，他会来 的。方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾 语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：li ming hopes he will be back very soon. li ming hopes to be back very

13、 soon.we decided that we would help him. we decided tohelp him.方法二： 当主句谓语动词是 know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句 可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：she has forgotten how she can open the window. she has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词， 且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾

14、语从句可简 化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：could you tell me how i can get to the station? could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时，如 果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词+不定 式"结构。例如：the headmaster ordered that we should start at once. t the headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句

15、，可以用介词加动名 词等其他形式简化。例如：he insisted that he should go with us. >he insisted on going with us.the poor boy doesn' t know when and where he was bom. >the poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语 +v-ing 形式"结构。例如：liu ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. f liu ping found a wallet lying on the ground 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来 简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：it seemed that the boys were going to win. >the boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：i found that it was difficult to