住宅小区配电设计外文文献翻译中英文

1、外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文) 译文字数：3700多字文献出处： J Ehnberg. Power of Community Distribution to DesignJ Value Engineering, 2016, 2(3):14-21 英文原文Power of Community Distribution to DesignJ Ehnberg ABSTRACTThe basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV

2、 electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in th

3、e co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthles

4、s if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic, between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.KEYWORDS: pow

5、er supply and distribution, power distribution reliability , reactive compensation, load distributionIn general, major changes to the building include: high voltage and low voltage distribution systems, transformers, and backup power systems. Power systems include power distribution and control, ind

6、oor and outdoor lighting systems include all types of lighting, and lightning protection systems include intrusion protection, lightning sensors, grounding, equipotential bonding, and local equipotential bonding. Auxiliary equipotential bonding. In just 20 years, the system has undergone enormous ch

7、anges in the face of technology and products. Many design ideas have also changed dramatically. Switchgear, such as the first circuit-breaker oil circuit breaker in a high-voltage system, and the subsequent development of an oil circuit breaker, are not only large in size but generally contain oil.

8、Due to the large size of the switchgear, we must also establish a separate equipment room that occupies a large amount of floor area. Vacuum circuit breakers and sulfur hexafluoride circuit breakers are not only small in size, but also have a large short-circuit capacity. The size of the housing is

9、much larger than that of the original cabinets, and the circuit breakers do not have any oil and the fire performance is greatly improved. And circuit breakers and other low-voltage devices are in one room, which saves space and is easy to manage. In the past, large-capacity low-voltage circuit brea

10、kers gradually increased the capacity of the short-circuit current, gradually reduced the scale, and became more stable, making the system safer and more reliable, which facilitated the design. Towards the development of intelligent low-voltage circuit breakers, various parameters of the circuit bre

11、aker can be controlled by the bus industry and the signals are transmitted directly to the computer.The appearance of dry-type transformers has brought great convenience to the electrical design of buildings because there is no possibility of leakage of transformer oil and fire so that it can be eas

12、ily installed in the building itself and even directly into the load center. It also eliminates the transformer's demand for oil and can use dry-type transformers when building large-capacity equipment. Four Taiwanese 2500kVA dry-type transformers have been used in actual engineering design.In t

13、erms of using emergency generators, it is much more advanced than in the past in terms of performance and size. In addition to using diesel generators; emergencylighting uses EPS standby power; devices that interrupt power within a millisecond can use UPS.The control of electrical equipment varies f

14、rom the control of a single component to the control of relays. In addition to the smaller size of the various components for better performance, the specification of the control box is also reduced. Because digital technology is more used in control to achieve the best control status to control the

15、 equipment. Further improve the effect of energy conservation.The revolution of electric power system has brought a new big round construction, which is pushing the greater revolution of electric power technique along with the application of new technique and advanced equipment. Especially, the comb

16、ination of the information technique and electric power technique, to great ex- tent, has improved reliability on electric quality and electric supply. The technical development decreases the cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network. On the basis of national and intern

17、ational advanced electric knowledge, the dissertation introduces the research hotspot for present electric power syetem as following.Firstly, This dissertation introduces the building condition of distribution automation(DA), and brings forward two typical construction modes on DA construction, inte

18、grative mode and fission mode .It emphasize the DA structure under the condition of the fission mode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme, the feeder scheme, the optimized communication scheme etc., which is for DA research reference.Secondly, as for the (DA) trouble measur

19、ement,position, isolation and resume, This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressure andcurrent for line problem, gets math equation by educing phase short circuit and problem position under the condition of single-phase and works out equation and several parameter s U& , s I& and e I&am

20、p; table on problem . It brings out optimized isolation and resume plan, realizes auto isolation and network reconstruction, reduces the power off range and time and improves the reliability of electric power supply through problem self- diagnoses and self-analysis. It also introduces software flow

21、and use for problem judgement and sets a model on network reconstruction and computer flow.Thirdly, electricity system state is estimated to be one of the key techniques in DA realization. The dissertation recommends the resolvent of bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground of descri

22、bing state estimate way. It also advances a practical test and judging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test and abnormity in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad data from state measure to state estimate .As for real time monitor and control problem, the d

23、issertation introduces a new way to solve them by electricity break and exceptional analysis, and the way has been tested in Weifang DA.Fourthly, about the difficulty for building the model of load forecasting, big parameter scatter limit and something concerned, the dissertation introduces some par

24、ameters, eg. weather factor, date type andsocial environment effect based on analysis of routine load forecasting and means. It presents the way for electricity load forecasting founded on neural network(ANN),which has been tested it' s validity by example andmade to be good practical effect.Fif

25、thly, concerning the lack of concordant wave on preve nting concordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity on compensation, there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit and nonpower theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proof on the ground of Saber Designer

26、and proves to be practical. Meanwhile, it analyzes and designs the way of non-power need of electric network trends and decreasing line loss combined with DA, which have been tested its objective economic benefit throu- gh counting example.Sixthly, not only do the dissertation design a way founded o

27、n the magrginal electric price fitted to our present national electric power market with regards to future trends of electric power market in China and fair trade under the government surveillance, that is group competitio n in short-term trade under the way of grouped price and quantity harmony, bu

28、t also puts forward combination arithmetic, math model of trading plan and safty economical restriction. It can solve the original contradiction between medium and long term contract price and short term competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage and cut down the unfair income diff

29、erence of electric factory, at the same time, it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reduce the total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of whole electric market network.The distribution network is an important link among the power system. Its neutral gro

30、unding mode and operation connects security and stability of the power system directly. At the same time, the problem about neutral grounding is associated with national conditions, natural environment, device fabrication and operation. For example, the activity situation of the thunder and lightnin

31、g, insulating structure and the peripheral interference will influence the choice of neutral grounding mode Conversely, neutral grounding mode affects design, operation, debugs and developing. Generally in the system higher in grade in the voltage, the insulating expensesaccount for more sizable pro

32、portion at the total price of the equipment. It is very remarkable to bring the economic benefits by reducing the insulating level. Usually such system adopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the autoreclosing to guarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary, the system which is lower i

33、n the voltage adopts neutral none grounding to raise power supply reliability. So it is an important subject to make use of new- type earth device to apply to the distribution network under considering the situation in such factors of various fields as power supply reliability, safety factor, over-v

34、oltage factor, the choice of relay protection, investment cost, etc.The main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutral grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. The neutral grounding mode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coil, groun

35、ding by reactance grounding and directly grounding. The best grounding mode is confirmed through the technology comparison. It can help the network run in safety and limit the earth electric arc by using auto-tracking compensate device and using the line protection with the detection of the sensitiv

36、e small ground current. The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kind of grounding modes about l0kV network at first. With the comparison with technological and economy, the conclusion is drawn that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode shows a very big development pote

37、ntial.Then, this paper researches and introduces some operation characteristics of the arc suppressingcoil grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. And then the paper put emphasis on how to extinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonance principle. This paper combine

38、s the development of domestic and international technology and innovative achievement, and introduces the computer earth protection and autotracking compensate device. It proves that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have better operation characteristics in power supply reliability, p

39、ersonal security,security of equipment and interference of communication. The application of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode is also researched in this paper.Finally, the paper summarizes this topic research. As a result of the domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode, it should

40、 be more popularized and applied in the distribution network in the future.The way of thinking, project and conclusions in this thesis have effect on the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kV distribution network but also in other power system.The basic function of the elect

41、ric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the hi

42、ghest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable. To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network con- struction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the netw

43、ork construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic, between the investment and the loss by calcul

44、ating the investment onpower net and the loss brought from power-off. The thesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes, according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electric distribution net in foshan.First, the thesis introduces as the different l

45、ine modes in the l0kV electric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it clear tow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net, and telling us how important and necessary that analyses are.Second, it turns to the necessity of calculating the number of optim

46、ization subsection, elaborating how it influences on the economy and reliability. Then by building up the calculation mode of the number of optimization subsection it introduces different power supply projects on the different line modes in brief. Third, it carries on the calculation and analyses to

47、wards the reliability and economy of the different line modes of electric distribution net, describing drafts according by the calculation. Then it makes analysis and discussion on the number of optimization subsection.At last, the article make conclusion on the economy and reliability of different

48、line modes, as well as, its application situation. Accordion to the actual circumstance, the thesis puts forward the beneficial suggestion on the programming and construction of the l0kV electric distribution net in all areas in foshan. Providing the basic theories and beneficial guideline for the p

49、rogramming design of the lOkV electric distribution net and building up a solid net, reasonable layout, qualified safe and efficiently-worked electric distribution net.Auto-Tune SequenceThe auto-tuning sequencebegins after the hysteresis and deviation values have been determined. The tuning process

50、begins when the initial output step is applied to the loop output.This change in output value should cause a corresponding change in the value of the process variable. When the output change drives the PV away from setpoint far enough to exceed the hysteresis boundary a zero-crossing event is detect

51、ed by the auto-tuner. Upon each zero crossing event the auto-tuner drives the output in the opposite direction.The tuner continues to sample the PV and waits for the next zero crossing event. A total of twelve zero-crossings are required to complete the sequence.The magnitude of the observed peak-to

52、-peak PV values (peak error) and the rate at which zero-crossings occur are directly related to the dynamics of the process. Early in the auto-tuning process, the output step value is proportionally adjusted once to induce subsequent peak-to-peak swings of the PV to more closely match the desired de

53、viation amount. Once the adjustment is made, the new output step amount is written into the Actual Step Size field (ASTEP) of the loop table. The auto-tuning sequencewill be terminated with an error, if the time between zero crossings exceeds the zero crossing watchdog interval time. The default val

54、ue for the zero crossing watchdog interval time is two hours.中文译文住宅小区配电设计J Ehnberg 摘要电力系统的基本功能是向客户输送电力。10kV配电网是将电力供应与用于工业，商业和日常生活中的电力相连接的关键点。对于电力而言，所有用户都希望以最高的可靠性支付最低的价格，但不要认为它在经济和可靠性的共存方面是自相矛盾的。为了提高供电网络的可靠性，我们必须增加网络建设的投资成本但是，如果提高网络建设可靠性的成本，但如果减少的损失是在关闭的时候，这种建设的投资将是毫无价值的，小于增加的改善投资通过计算电网投资和停电带来 的损失，找

55、出投资与亏损之间最具经济性的平衡点。 关键词：供配电，配电可靠性，无功补偿，负荷分配电气工程设计包括两个主要的设计方面。主要是一部分的电能的转换及分配和电 力的供配、照明系统、防雷接地系统。一般来说，建 筑主要的变化包括：高压和低压配 电系统、变压器、备用电源系统。 电力系统包括配电和控制，室内和室外照明系统包括所有类型的照明， 防雷系统包括入侵波防护、闪电传感器、接地、等电位连接和局部等电位连接等。辅助等电位连接等。在短短的20年里，系统在技术 和产品的面貌发 生了翻天覆地的变化。许多的设计理念也发生了巨 大的变化。开关设备如高压系统的 第一个断路器油断路器，后来油断 路器的逐步发展，不仅规

56、模大，但是一般都包含油物 质。由于开 关设备尺寸较大，我们还必须建立独立的设备房间 ，占据了大量的 建筑面积。现在真空断路器和六氟化硫断路器，不仅体积小，而且 短路容量大，外壳尺寸远小于原来的橱柜，并且断路器没有任何油， 防火性能大大提高。而且断路器和其他低压设备在一个房间里， 这样即节省空间又方便管理。过去大容量的低压断路器，短路电流容量逐渐变大，规模也逐渐变小，而且更加稳定，使系统运行更 加安全可靠，为设计带来了方 便。向着智能化低压断路器方向发 展，断路器各种参数可以通过总线工业控制，信号直接传输到计算机。干式变压器的出现，对建筑电气设计带来了极大的方便 ，因为 没有变压器油泄漏和火灾的

57、可能性，以便它可以很容易地安装在 建筑本身，甚至直接到负荷中心。它还消除变压器对油的需求限制，构建大容量设备时可以使用干式变压器。在实际工程设计中曾应用四个台湾2500kVA干式变压器。在使用紧急发电机方面，从性能和尺寸的角度来看，比过去进 步很多。除了使用柴 油发电机;应急照明使用EPS备用电源；中断供 电在一个毫秒以内的设备，可以使用UPS 。除了电力设备的控制从单一元件的控制到控制继电器控制变化更好的性能的各 种组件的规模较小，也降低控制箱的规模。由于数字技术更多的运用于控制能达到最佳 的控制状态来控制设备。进 一步提高了节能的效果。电力系统革命带来了新一轮大型建设， 随着新技术，先进设

58、备的 应用，推动了电力技术的更大革命。特别是，信息技术和电力技术的 结合，极大地提高了电气质量和电力供应的可靠性。 技术发展降低了 电力建设的成本，推动了电网的创新。在国内外先进电气知识的基础 上，本文介绍了目前电力系统的研究热点如下。首先，介绍了配电自动化（DA）的建设条件，提出了 DA建设, 一体化模式和分裂模式两种典型的建设模式，着重分析了裂变模式下 的数据采集结构，给出了系统配置，主站方案，馈线方案，优化通信 方案等，供DA研究参考。其次，针对（DA）故障测量，定位，隔离和恢复的问题，本文 分析了线路问题的压力和电流变化，在单相和工作条件下通过导出相 短路和问题位置得到数学方程 out

59、方程和几个参数s U& , s I &和e I &问题表。通过问题自我诊断和自我分析，带来优化的隔离和恢复计 划，实现自动隔离和网络重构，缩短断电范围和时间，提高供电可靠 性。它还引入了软件流程和用于问题判断， 并为网络重构和计算机流 程建立了一个模型。第三，电力系统状态估计是DA实现的关键技术之一。在描述状 态估计方式的基础上，推荐了不良测量数据和结构错误的解决办法。 对状态估计的拓扑错误以及从状态测量到状态估计的不良数据问题和影响提出了实际测试和判断方法。 针对实时监测和控制问题，通过 断电和异常分析，介绍了解决这些问题的新途径，并在潍坊DA测试 中进行了试验。第四，关于建立负荷预测模型的难度，大参数分散极限等问题， 本文介绍了一些参数，天气因素，日期类型和社会环境效应的基础上， 分析了常规负荷预测和手段。提出了基于神经网络（ANN）的电力负 荷预测方法，并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性， 取得了较好的实际 效果。第五，针对谐波不协调，无功补偿和补偿不连续的缺