Unit1语言点预习

1、Unit 1, Book ILanguage Study#Para 1The idea of becoming a writer had come to me on and off since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.on and off (or off and on): from time to time, now and again, irregularly断断续续地，有时e.g. It has bee

2、n raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp.他不时地打瞌睡，但并没有深睡。_possibility: n. state of possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by that-clause or of)可能性e.g. the possibility of terrorist attackThey havent arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.ta

3、ke hold: become established生根，确立e.g. 积习难除，所以你得在养成习惯之前就戒烟。 _ The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families. “一家只要一个好”已经成为了许多中国家庭持有的观念。CF: take hold of 握住、抓住e.g. I took hold of her hand and gently led her away.Paraphrase Fthe idea of becoming a writer had come to me à_since m

4、y childhood in Belleville à _it was not until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold à_F _Translation F_。Until then Id been bored by everything associated with English course.bore: vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest使（人）厌烦 / n. 讨厌的人或事e.g. The speaker went on an

5、d on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.I don't know why he quit - I guess he was just bored with his job.bored stiff/to tears/to death/out of your mind (=extremely bored) 极其厌烦The job was dull and boring.a crashing bore 讨厌之极的人/事 a frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙an insufferable bore 讨厌得令人无法忍受的人 a

6、n utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事What can we infer from this sentence?Up to then I had lost interest in things related to English courses.associate (with): vt. to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another (associate sb. / sth. with sth.) 使联系起来，使联想e.g. People associate the old days wi

7、th good times, and seem to forget the hardship they endured. 人们想起过去的日子，就联想到美好的时光，似乎忘记了他们所遭受的苦难。? 我们很自然把达尔文的名字和进化论联系在一起。We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution. vi. 结交，交往 （贬）e.g. I don't associate with any cold fishes. 我不与冷酷无情的人打交道。He associates with all sorts of

8、people.Never associate with bad companions. n. 伙伴，同事，合伙人 e.g. business associates / White House associatesCF: associate, companion, comrade, colleague, fellow, partner 这些名词均有“同事，伙伴”之意。associate普通用词，侧重指在利害关系上密切相关。 companion指陪伴他人的人，即同伴或陪伴。comrade指具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人。colleague一般用于对同事的正式称呼，基本上专用在职业关系上。fel

9、low多用复数形式，指一块住、生活或同行共事的人。partner指事业中处于合伙关系的人，或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。a. 副的，半正式的，准的e.g. associate editor / associate memberassociate professor (between professor and assistant professor)association n. 交际，交往；联系，关联；伙伴、合作关系；协会，联盟Passage Reading: The Choice of Companion 选择朋友 A good companion is better than a for

10、tune, for a fortune cannot purchase those elements of character which make companionship a blessing. The best companion is one who is wiser and better than ourselves, for we are inspired by his wisdom and virtue to nobler deeds. Greater wisdom and goodness than we possess lifts us higher mentally an

11、d morally. 好朋友比财富更宝贵，因为财富无法买到使友谊成为美妙之事的特质。最好的朋友是比我们更好、更有智慧的人，因为我们会受到他的智慧和高贵行为品质的激励。更多的智慧与仁爱，会使我们在精神和道德上得到提升。 “A man is known by the companion he keeps.” It is always true. Companionship of a high order is powerful to develop character. Character makes character in the associations of life faster tha

12、n anything else. Purity begets purity, like begets like; and this fact makes the choice of companion in early life more important even than that of teachers and guardians. “看一个人的朋友就知道他是什么样的人。”这句话是真理。高层次的友谊有着培养性情的伟大力量。在生活的交往中，性情对性情的影响比任何事情都迅速。 纯真创造纯真，喜爱衍生喜爱；这个事实使早年对朋友的选择甚至比选择老师和监护人更重要。 It is true tha

13、t we cannot always choose all of our companions, some are thrust upon us by business or the social relations of life, we do not choose them, we do not enjoy them; and yet, we have to associate with them more or less. The experience is not altogether without compensation, if there be principle enough

14、 in us to bear the strain. Still, in the main, choice of companions can be made, and must be made. It is not best or necessary for a young person to associate with “Tom, Dick, and Harry” without forethought or purpose. Some fixed rules about the company he or she keeps must be observed. The subject

15、should be uttermost in the thoughts, and canvassed often. 事实上，我们不是总能自主选择所有的培养。有些是生意方面或者社会关系强加给我们的，我们没有选择他们，我们也不喜欢；但是我们不得不或多或少地与他们保持联系。如果我们心中自有准则，能承受一些压力，这样的经历也不是一点好处没有。总体来看，朋友依然是可以选择，也必须选择。对于年轻人，漫无目的与“汤姆、迪克、哈里”之类的朋友联系不是最好也不是必须的。年轻人交朋友必须遵循一些固定的原则，应该在思想上极度地重视，并且经常审视。 Companionship is education, good o

16、r not; it develops manhood or womanhood, high or low; it lifts soul upward or drags it downward; it ministers to virtue or vice. There is no half way work about its influence. If it ennobles, it does grandly, if it demoralizes, it doest it devilishly. It saves or destroys lustily. Nothing in the wor

17、ld is surer than this. Sow virtue, and the harvest will be virtue; sow vice, and the harvest will be vice. Good companionships help us to sow virtue; evil companionships helps us to sow vice. 友谊无论好坏都是教育；它或多或少地会使一个人成长；它提升灵魂或者使之堕落；它提高道德或者使之沦丧。在它的影响中没有中间道路。如果它使人高贵，它就会尽可能地提升你的高贵；如果它使人道德沦丧，它就会恶魔般地加速你的坠落。

18、它彻底地挽救或者毁灭我们。世上没有什么和友谊一样因果分明。播种美德，收获美德；播种罪恶，收获罪恶。良好的友谊帮助我们播种美德；邪恶的友谊使我们播种邪恶。I found English Grammar dull and difficult.句型总结：find + sth. / sb. / it (宾) + (宾补) e.g. 1) Lucy find Bob very honest. 2) You will find her a beautiful girl. 3) Mary hurried there, only to find them all out. 4) I hope to find

19、you in better spirits when we meet again. 5) They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful. 6) We found him waiting to receive us. 7) The old man found his hometown much changed. 8) He finds it difficult to win the match.I hate the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were

20、agony for teachers to read and for me to write.agony: n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body（身心的）极度痛苦e.g. He groaned in agony.He was in an agony of remorse / death / pain.他处于极端悔恨 / 垂死挣扎 / 极度痛苦之中。Paraphrase F_Translation F_。turn out: force sb. to leave 驱逐，（使）离开 prove 结果是 shut off 关掉 produce;

21、 make 制造，生产1. We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market requirements.2. It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right.3. The school has turned out some great scholars.4. Don't forget to turn out the lights when you go!5. If you can't pay the rent

22、, they turn you out.6. Dont grief over your lost love any more. Sometimes things are like what the Chinese fable story said “A loss may turn out to be a gain.” turn sth. out: produce; make 制造，生产e.g. We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market requirements.我们计划明年生产十万台计算机以满足市场需要。

23、 The school has turned out some great scholars.turn out: to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect (usu. turn out well / badly / fine etc; turn out to be something) 结果是e.g. It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right

24、.Dont grief over your lost love any more. Sometimes things are like what the Chinese fable story said “A loss may turn out to be a gain.” 别再为逝去的爱悲伤了，有时候事情就像那个中国寓言故事中说的“塞翁失马，焉知非福”。As it turned out (=used to say what happened in the end), he passed the exam quite easily.#Para 2When our class was assig

25、ned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects.What can we learn from “another cheerless year”? FWe can know from this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Bakers English teacher, all English courses were dull.Paraphrase FWhen it was

26、decided that Mr. Fleagle would teach us English during my third year in high school, I expect the English course to be as boring as before.WORD FOCUS: boringSimilar words: not very interesting, dull, dreary, drabVery boring: tedious, mind-numbing, soul-destroyinganticipate: vt. to expect that someth

27、ing will happen and be ready for it 预期、预料e.g. A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns. 一个好的演讲者能够预料观众的需求和关注。 Obama said that he was not going to anticipate problems but to seek partnership since the immediate priority (当务之急) is to make economy work.It is anticipated

28、that the research will have many different practical applications. 这项研究可望有多种不同的应用。(anticipate that)We appreciate what you have done for us and anticipate that our mutually beneficial relationship will continue to grow.I think weve fixed everything, and I dont anticipate finding any more problems. (a

29、nticipate doing sth.) to think about something that is going to happen, especially something pleasant 希望，期待e.g. Daniel was eagerly anticipating her arrival. We anticipate a prompt reply from you. 殷切地盼望早日来电。reputation: n. (an) opinion (about sb. or sth.) held by others名声，名誉e.g. a man of good reputati

30、on名誉很好的人 build up a reputation博得名声have a reputation for sth. (=have the reputation of) 因.而著名, 以.闻名live up to one's reputation不负盛名; 名副其实lose ruin one's reputation名誉扫地make an evil reputation for oneself弄得声名狼藉inspire: vt. to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do someth

31、ing 鼓舞、感动e.g. The country needs a leader who can inspire its citizens.Martin Luther King, Jr.s speeches _ equal treatment of African Americans. (鼓舞人们为美国黑人的平等待遇而战) (inspire sb. to do sth.)I hope this success will _. 我希望这次的成功会让你更加努力的。(inspire sb. to sth.) to give someone the idea for something, especi

32、ally a story, painting, poem etc 激发、赋予灵感 e.g. The movie was inspired by real events.Know more:inspiring adj. 令人欢欣鼓舞的 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事e.g. have a sudden inspiration 灵机一动 Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature. 诗人与艺术家往往由自然得到灵感。中国首次载人太空飞行的成功对于全国人民来说是一件鼓舞人心的事情。_Sentence R

33、eadingChinese President Hu Jintao is flying to Sichuan Province Friday morning to inspire more than 135,000 troops and medics (医生) there to launch their last all-out effort (尽最后的努力) to search and rescue those still trapped alive under the debris (废墟), 90 hours after the deadly 7.8-magnitude earthqua

34、ke hit southwestern China.For the markets, rate cuts are like a drug. They can inspire euphoria, but can also induce dependency. Markets, like addicts, need bigger and bigger doses to get the same effect. People have been come conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. Th

35、e television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes.rigid: (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 一成不变的；严格的e.g. rigid ideas固执的看法Andrew was even more rigid in his attitudes towards child-rearing than his f

36、ather, who was himself quite strict.The rigid class distinctions which characterized British society are beginning to break down.out of date: old-fashioned过时的ant. up to date现代的；最新的To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, . , that he seemed a comi

37、c antique.Translation F我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得一丝不苟。他长着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来一本正经，字斟句酌，活脱脱一个滑稽的老古董。severe: adj. The US faces severe economic problems. Drug smugglers can expect severe penalties. The negotiations will be a severe test of his abilities. The weat

38、her station issued a warning for severe thunderstorms. The old lady was living in a rather severe red-brick building. completely plain朴素的e.g. The old lady was living in a rather severe red-brick building.这位老太太住在一幢很普通的砌着红色砖墙的房子里。 stern, strict严厉的； 苛刻的；严格的e.g. Only those who have undergone severe trai

39、ning can be accepted into the air force. causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 严重的，剧烈的e.g. severe pain剧痛The US faces severe economic problems. 美国面临着严重的经济问题。The weather station issued a warning for severe thunderstorms. 气象站发布了一次强雷暴警告。Sentence ReadingSevere snowstorms over broad swaths of e

40、astern and central China have wreaked havoc on traffic throughout the country, creating gigantic passenger backups, spawning accidents and leaving at least 24 people dead, according to state news reports.据官方消息，肆虐中国东部和西部地区的暴风雪已经扰乱了整个国家的交通，造成大批旅客滞留和事故的发生，已经造成至少24人死亡。Besides the green trading system, C

41、hina has introduced three other green policies - in securities, insurance and credit - in a bid to solve severe environmental problems through economic measures.除绿色贸易系统外，中国还引进了其它三条绿色政策证券、保险和信贷以通过经济手段解决严峻的环境问题China played tough hand in cracking down on drug cheats with more frequent no-notice tests a

42、nd severe punishments ahead of the Beijing Olympic Games in a bid to ensure a clean team.CF: severe, stern, strictSevere作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severe father严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look严厉的眼神），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）Stern与severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如a stern father和a severe fathe

43、r都可以用，但含义稍有不同。a severe father指对子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。Strict相当于汉语的“严格的”，必须假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。如：There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.=#Para 3I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. (pa

44、ra3)What does the author really mean when he says “I was not disappointed.”? FHe means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagles lessons were dull.Paraphrase F_Translation F_Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. (para3)tackle: vt. try to deal with a difficult problem处理，应付e.g. Many s

45、chools are now trying to tackle the problem of drug abuse. "We will do our best to tackle global warming and cut pollution," he vowed. vi.or vt. 铲球；扭倒，绊倒e.g. I didn't know if he had the ball or not, so I just tackled him. 我不知道他带没带球，所以我就把他绊倒了。 He was tackled just outside the penalty are

46、a. 他恰在罚球区外让对方把球截过去了.Paraphrase FLate in the year we learned how to write informal essays and practiced writing them.CF: tackle / handletackle: to begin to deal with a problem in a determined way, esp. a big or complicated probleme.g. Police forces in the area are trying to tackle car crime head on.

47、这一地区的警察正在努力对付汽车犯罪。handle: to deal with a problem, esp. in an effective or confident waye.g. There were a few problems, but nothing I couldnt handle. 问题是有几个，不过我都能处理好。I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome t

48、ask, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.1. What can we infer from these sentences? Baker was unwilling to write his essay.2. List phrases to support your inference. did nothing until the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome taskdue: adj. to be expected to happen, arrive, or be fini

49、shed at a particular time预期的、应到的e.g. His new book is due to be published next year. Britain's Prime Minister Gordon Brown is due to host a summit on Saturday outside London with some 20 world leaders on climate change, economy and global poverty.She's pregnant and the baby's due in April

50、. The car is due for its annual service again. if an amount of money is due, it must be paid at a particular time 到期的、应付的e.g. The next income tax payment is due on 31 January. proper or suitable 适当的；合适的e.g. He was banned for six months for driving without due care and attention. More examples Only w

51、ith combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course. 唯有通力合作¸我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。(in due course在适当的时候)Experts state that the high rates of eating disorders in the U.S. are due in part to people dieting, losing weight, rebounding, and becoming chronic dieters. 专家表示美国的高饮食混乱率部分是

52、因为人们节食、减肥、回弹，然后变为慢性节食者。CF: when there are difficult problems that you must deal with face up to (doing) sth.e.g. The Principal accused parents of not facing up to their responsibilities.Its time the government faced up to spending more on health and education. face sth. / be faced with / by sth.e.g.

53、 Todays violence highlights the problems faced by the government here.He was faced with the task of breaking the bad news to the babys relatives. be confronted with / bye.g. Nurses are confronted with life-or-death situations on a daily basis.CF: to read sth. quicklyscan: to read sth. quickly in ord

54、er to find a particular piece of informatione.g. Robert scanned the lists for his name.skim: to read sth. quickly so that you get a general idea of what is aboute.g. She didnt have much time so she just skimmed through the report before the meeting.have a look: to read sth. quickly to check that there are no mistakes