定语从句(八年级上)讲解、训练【三套】(有答案与解析)

1、定语从句（八年级上）讲解、训练【三套】（有答案及解析）一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why。关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成

2、分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu i

3、s the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时

4、，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)注: 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：4.1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况：先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he sa

5、id is true.先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the thin

6、gs he remembered. 4.2,只用which不用that的情况：非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, r

7、etired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是及and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.如果作先作词的集体名词着

8、眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repai

9、red. (4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如： This is the house where we lived last year. The f

10、actory where his father works is in the east of the city 8"介词关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。 (1) "介词关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?(2)关系代词 whom， w

11、hich 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词及定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 及 which 及先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词及动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken

12、 care of.【中考范例】1. (2019年哈尔滨中考试题)  -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?  -Yes, he does.  A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who2. (2019年常州市中考试题)  The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. 

13、60;A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that3. (2019年扬州市中考试题)  -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?  -He has gone back to QinghuaUniversity.  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which4. (2019年益阳市中考试题)I hate

14、 people _ talk much but do little.  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who【中考范例答案及解析】1.【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。  2.【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。  3.【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的

15、关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适  【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【热身练习】请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.  Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.  You c

16、ouldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.  I have some ideas that may help. 5.  They said something you didnt like. 6.  Can you think of any problems you have had recently?7.  He would always take pride in everything good I do. 【练习题一】1.The place _interested

17、 me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know

18、 the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have ta

19、ken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B.

20、which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. t

21、o whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C

22、. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like _ a

23、s you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are

24、 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summ

25、er we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which;

26、when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have l

27、ooked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is no

28、t the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours u

29、sed to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on

30、 whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget

31、 those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the B

32、rowns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47

33、. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of w

34、hich D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 【练习题一参考答案及解析】1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词

35、，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来

36、引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导

37、定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom

38、 I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 2

39、1. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的

40、固定短语 be famous for "以.而闻名". 26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。 29.

41、D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题. 34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制

42、性定语从句. 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that h

43、e knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。 44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that

44、，而不用which。 46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见35题。 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并

45、且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。【练习题二】1 Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeedA learn B who C that D who learn2 Anyone _ this opinion may speak outA that againstsB that against C who is againstD who ar

46、e against3 Mr Smith is one of the foreign experts who _ in ChinaA works B is working C are working D has been working4 Didnt you see the man _?A I nodded just now B whom I nodded just nowC I nodded to him just now D I nodded to just now5 Have you seen the girl _?A that I told B I told you ofC whom I

47、 told youD I told you of him6 In the dark street， there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for helpA thatB who C from whom D to whom7 Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A that you talked B you talked about itC which you talked withD you talked about8 The matter _ you were arguing about la

48、st night has been settledA that B what C why D for which9 They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the schoolA whichB that C who D whom10 Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?A which B who C whom D that11 All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigsA thatB

49、 those C whichD what12 Ill tell you _ he told me last weekA all which B what all C that all D all13 This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our schoolA which B what C where D /14 Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A thatB / C whichD it15 Is there anything _ to you?A that is belo

50、nged B that belongsC that belongD which belongs16 His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poorA that B which C whos D whose17 Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is blackA whichB which of C its D whose18 He is the only one of the boys who _ the piano wellA plays B play C playing D ar

51、e playing19 He asked me _ I neededA thatB which C what D /20 That scientist _ work is successful has been made a model workerA whichB who C whos D whose21 Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?A that B where C in which D the one22 Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?

52、A that B where C in which D the one23 How do you like the book?Its quite different from _ I read last monthA that B which C the one D the one what24 The train _ she was traveling was lateA whichB where C on which D in that25 Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year roun

53、dA which B where C that D about which26 Its the third time _ late this monthA that you arrivedB when you arrived C that youve arrivedD when youve arrived27 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studiesA whom B who C when D because28 I have bought the same dress _ she is wear

54、ingA as B that C whichD than29 He is not _ a fool _A such；as he is lookedB such；as he looks C as；as he is looked D so；as he looks30 I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speakerA who B what C which D whom31 My father has made me _ I amA who B which C what D that32 He is my son， _ a better

55、 son does not existA but B than who C against whom D than whom33 Wrestling is a sport _ you try to get the other person down on the floorA that B where C which D in which34 It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Prof Harris _ they did the experimentA which；that B that；where C whom；that D which；where35 Yo