2015年全国职称英语等级摸底测验综合类(B级)试题及答案

1、2015 职称英语综合类 b 真题及答案 (完整版 )第 1 部分 词汇选项 (第 115题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。1. the organization was bold enough to face the press. a. pleased b. powerful c. brave d .sensible 2. i will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. a. accept b. control c. observe d. reg

2、ulate 3. i realized to my horror that i had forgotten the present. a limit b. fear c. power d. fool 4. most people find rejection hard to accept. a. excuse b. client c. destiny d. refusal 5. shes extremely competent and industrious. a. hardworking b. honest c. objective d. independent 6. the doctors

3、 did not reveal the truth to him. a. hide b .handle c. disclose d. establish 7. he tried to assemble his thoughts. a. clear b. share c. gather d. spare 8. the law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. a. message b. punishment c. guilt d. obligation 9. prisoners were kept in the most appa

4、lling conditions. a. flexible b. terrible c. reasonable d. serious 10. these products are inferior to those we brought last year. a. poorer than b. narrower than c. larger than d. richer than 11. the political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. a. improved b. changed c. worsened d. de

5、veloped 12. there was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. a. coexisting b. fair c. full d .pubic 13. theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. a. requesting b .planning c. preparing d. looking 14. he said some harsh words about his brother. a.

6、 unkind b. proper c. normal d. unclear 15. we were attracted by the lure of quick money. a. amount b. supply c. sum d. temp 第 2 部分: 阅读判断 (第 16-22题,每题 1 分,共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a: 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择c。living history at jamestown settlementa woman in n

7、ative american clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. and all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的 ) cameras. this is jamestown settlement today. jamestown, virginia, was one of

8、 the first places in the world where people from europe, america, and africa came together in 1608. today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. in a living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of dail

9、y life back then. the actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do. at aliving history museum, there are always many things to touch, hear ,and smell visitors at jamestown settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to virginia and ev

10、en lie down in a colonist s bed. the colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for more than four months. when they got to virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in today s fort(堡垒)， you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. wo

11、men in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking. there is also an indian village at jamestown settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. it shows how the indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields. acto

12、rs there make pottery( 陶器) and teach visitors how to play indian games. you can even help them make an indian boat from a tree. today the living history museum of jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families. people come here to have fun, but also to learn. many school classes vi

13、sit to experience old ways of getting things done. a living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past. 16.tourists like to take pictures in jamestown settlement today. a right b wrong c not mentioned 17, in jamestown settlement, people from three different cultures ca

14、me together in 1608. a right b wrong c not mentioned 18. at a living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display. a right b wrong c not mentioned 19. the first colonists to jamestown settlement were from england. a right b wrong c not mentioned 20. the actors working at the mu

15、seum explain what they to do the visitors. a right b wrong c not mentioned 21. in jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used. a right b wrong c not mentioned 22. children and families enjoy playing indian games. a right b wrong c not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23-30题，每题

16、 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1) 第 2326题要求从所给的 6 个选项中未第 25 段每段选择 1 个最正确标题 ;(2) 第 2730题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最正确选项。teaching is “ one of the least popular jobs in the uk”1) the uk government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 1116), and the conclusion of th

17、e report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “ seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. the report suggests that urgen

18、t action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching. 2) the main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decid

19、e to be teachers. joanne manners, 24 is a good example. “ i graduated in maths last year, and i was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacherbut when i looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isn t a very lucrative(赚钱的)job these days. i saw i could earn twi

20、ce as much if i worked in marketing or advertising, and so i decided not to become a teacher.”3) it s not just about the money, however. the survey concluded that another reason why people don t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. a lot of schools have problems wi

21、th discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. here s the view of dave hallam, an accountant from london:” i think parents are to blame. they should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more r

22、espect for teachers.”4) “ it makes me feel so proud.” says brian jones, who works in a secondary school in london. so what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?” “ my view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. i find that i

23、 always have too much work to do.”5) the report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. it says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. it also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publ

24、icity campaign, with some advertisements on tv and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “ hopefully,” the report concludes, “ these so

25、lutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future. 【题干】23. paragraph 1_ 24. paragraph 2_ 25. paragraph 3_ 26. paragraph 4_ 【选项】a. students bad behavior and lack of disciplineb. improvement of children behavior

26、c. heavy workload on teachers d. the problem of low salary e. a report on teacher shortage f. a nationwide publicity campaign 【题干】27. more and more young people are held back from teaching_. 28. parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_ 29. the government should reduce the worklo

27、ad on teachers to ease_. 30. the government should promote teaching as a career by advertising_. 【选项】a. its benefits b. their childhood memories c. their stress d. more training e. discipline problems f. because of its low pay 第 4 部分 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最

28、正确选项。第一篇 why buy shade-grown coffee?when people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. is it food for your heart? does it increase blood pressure? does it help you concentrate? however, coffee affects the health of the human popula

29、tion in other ways, too. traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的 )trees. however, more and more farmers in latin america are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. at first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted i

30、f there aren t any trees. with increased production come increased profits. unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. native birds nest and hide from predators( 捕食者 )in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. furthermore, in the long term,

31、the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. the fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. the chemicals kill or sicken other animals as we

32、ll, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. fortunately, farmers in central and south america are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. we can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grown and bird friendly. sure, these varieties might co

33、st a little more. but were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. i think its worth it. 31.what is the main idea of this passage? a. farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. b. coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. c. shade-grow coffee is more expensiv

34、e than sun-grow coffee. d. people should buy shade-grown coffee. 32.the function of the word traditionally in paragraph 2 is to show_. a. the positive effects of coffee. b. a change of coffee growth. c. something that is the most important. d. how coffee production used to be. 33.what does increased

35、 production of full-sun coffee bring about? a. more insects. b. better quality coffee. c. larger farms. d. higher profits. 34.how do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? a. they buy more land from other farmers. b. they cut down trees. c. they move to another country. d. they turn gra

36、ssland into farmland. 35.the full-sun method may affect the following except_ full sun a. insects. b. air. c. birds d. humans 第二篇 washoe learned american sign languagean animal that influenced scientific thought has died. a chimpanzee named washoe and born in africa died of natural causes late last

37、month at the age of 42 at a research center in the american state of washington. washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use american sign language. she was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. her skills also led to debate abo

38、ut primates and their ability to understand language. research scientists allen and beatrix gardner began teaching washoe sign language in 1966.in 1969, the gardners described washoes progress in a scientific report. the people who experimented with washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words

39、. for example, washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. she could request foods like apples and bananas. she also asked questions like, who is coming to play? once the news about washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of re

40、search. the whole direction of primate research changed. however, critics argued washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. they said she had never developed true language skills. even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign languag

41、e only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. yet washoes keepers disagree. roger fouts is a former student of the gardeners. he took washoe to a research center in ellensburg, washington. there, washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. scientists l

42、ike private researcher jane goodall believe washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. debate continues about chimps

43、understanding of human communication. yet, one thing is sure-washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence 36. the gardeners experiment with washoe_.a. began in 1969 b. won a big prize c. lasted three years d. influenced primate research 37. the second paragraph mainly

44、discusses_. a. a report about washoe s progress in learning sign languageb. the whole direction of primate research c. new primate researches conducted by many language scientific d. an experiment with washoe at a research center in africa. 38. the gardeners experiment with washoe was criticized bec

45、ause_. a. just ask some simple question b. only copy teachers sign languagec. only memorize about 250words d. just repeat short sentences. 39. according to the passage, which of the following is true? a. roger fouts taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees. b. washoe was the first chimp to

46、use american sign language c. a chimpanzee died of natural causes in africa at a research center d. nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees 40. we can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that_. a. whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered b

47、. primate have the ability to speak a language c. animals cannot learn a human sign d. washoe is as intelligent as humans 第三篇 moderate earthquake strikes englanda moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast england on 28 april 2007,toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their bed

48、s. several thousand people were left without power in kent county. one woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. it felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride, said the woman. the british geological survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centere

49、d under the english channel, about 8.5 miles south of dover and near the entrance to the channel tunnel. witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. i was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had

50、 just got up from bed next to me. said hendrick van eck,27,of canterbury about 60 miles southeast of london.i then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. it felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. there are thousands of moderate quakes on this s

51、cale around the world each year, but they are rare in britain. the april 28 quake was the strongest in britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central england city of birmingham. the countrys strongest earthquake took place in the north sea in 1931,measuring 6.1 on the richter scale

52、. british geological survey scientist roger musson said the quake took place on 28 april in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in london and was felt in predicted that it was only a matter of time before another e

53、arthquake struck this part of england. however, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. this would allow time for people

54、to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum. 41. the biggest earthquake took place in britain_. a in 1931 b in 1580 c in 2002 d in 2007 42. the word “ collapsed” in paragraph 4 most probably means_. a. fell apart b. flew off c. shook up d. blew out 43. the phrase “ this scale” in paragraph 6 refers

55、 to_.a. 4.8-magnitude quake b. 4.3-magnitude quake c. 5.8on the richer scale d 6.1on the richer scale 44. the following statements are true except_. a. the quake caused a power failure in kent country b. the tremor lasted for 10-15 seconds. c. people in canterbury felt strong quake d. the quake was

56、centered under the channel tunnel. 45. it can be learned from the last paragraph that_. a. moderate earthquakes often strike london in the history b. earthquake warming system of britain can predict the forthcoming quake c. another earthquake is predicted to occur in england d. the french also felt

57、the earthquake taking place on 28,april 第 5 部分 补全短文 (第 46-50题，每题 1 分，共 5 分)下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。saving a citys public artavoiding traffic jams in los angeles may be impossible, but the citys colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. painting

58、s that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. with a collection of more than 2,000 murals, los angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. but the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many l.a. mur

59、als in terrible condition. _(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway. _(47)the work started in 2003. so far, 16 walls have been selected and more m

60、ay be added later. until about 1960, public murals in los angeles were rare. but in the 1960s and 1970s, young l.a. artists began to study early 20th-century mexican mural painting_(48) the most famous mural in the city is judith bacas the great wall, a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs f