翻译学基本概念84168

1、翻译学基本用语源语/译出语 source language(sl), original language译语/译入语 target language(tl), receptor language, receiving language原作者 sl author, original author译者(笔译者)translator译者(口 译者)interpreter读者/接受者 reader, receptor, audience文本text原文 / 原著 source text (st), sl text, original text, original version/ original w

2、ork译文 target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition 译本/译著 translated text/translational work源语读者 source-language reader/sl reader源语文化 source-language culture/source culture译语读者 target-language reader/tl reader/receiving audience译语文化 target-language culture/ target culture/ receiving

3、 culture语境 context笔译 written translation口 译 oral interpretation/ oral translation/ interpreting同声传 译 simultaneous interpreting交替口译 consecutive interpreting翻译原则 translation principle标准 translation criterion (复数形式为 criteria)翻译过程 translation process翻译程序/步骤 translation procedures反应/读者翻译 response/reader&

4、#39;s response对应借分对应/ 完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence等值/对等equivalence对等物(词语)equivalent形式对等 formal equivalence功能对等 functional equivalence动态对等 dynamic equivalence等效 equivalent effect充分性adequacy可接受'性 acceptability (acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptabil 让 y)可读性 readability (readable)叫译性 transla

5、tability (translatable)不可译性 untranslatability(untranslatable)表层结构 surface structure深层结构 deep structuret里解 understanding/ comprehension表达 expression再现 reproduction/ representation车专换 transformation传译/转移 transferral/transfer误解 misunderstanding误译 mis-translation异化foreignization / alienation / exoticiza

6、tion /exogenization/ source-oriented translation归化domestication/ naturalization/ adaptation / endogenization / targetaccommodating translation词汇空缺lexical gap文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap直译 1让eral translation/ direct translation意译 free translation/ liberal translation/semantic translation 直译派 a literalist/

7、a sourcerer 意译派 a free-hander/a targeteer重复法 repetition增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission 词类转移法/词性转换conversion 反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation 移植法 transplant(ing)/transplantation咅译法 transliteration具体化 specification概括化 generalization抽象化 abstracting明析化 explicitation译借(语义转借)calque(loan transl

8、ation)力口注法 annotation夹注 intratextual note脚注 footnote尾注/文后注endnote注释性翻译 annotated/commented translation 释义法/ 解释法 explanation/ paraphrase 弓 i 中法 extension替代法 substitution/replacement借用 borrowing推演法deduction缀合法 combination分译法division逆序法/倒置法reversing合译法 combination综合法 mixture of methods包孕 embedding切断/分切

9、cutting拆离 splitting-off扌甬入inserting重组 recasting回译 back translation还原法 finding out the original原汁原味 essence of the original, original flavor词序调整inversion选词 diction补偿 compensation视点转换 shift of perspective套译/仿译/仿拟imitation信/ 忠实 faithfulness/fidelity达/ 易 is intelligibility/ expressiveness通顺 smoothness流畅

10、 fluency自然 naturalness / idiomatic让y雅/优美 elegance/ gracefulness简洁 brevity明析 clarity简明 conciseness内涵 connotation含义 implication言夕卜之意 allocution本文意义(文木固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text)译者隐形 translator's invisibility透 明(度)transparency宁信而不顺(鲁迅语)rahter to be faithful than smooth (td rather be faithfu

11、l than smooth")神似(傅雷语)spiritual resemblance化境(钱钟书语)sublimation信、达、切(刘重德语)faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style)三美：音美，形美，意美(许渊冲语)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning东方语言 oriental languages西方语言 occidental languages佛经 buddhist script

12、ures/ sutra梵语sanskr让鸠摩罗什kumarajiva泰特勒(alexander fraser )tytler奈达(eugene a.) nida机器翻译 machine translation(mt)人工智能 artificial intelligence (al)翻译 translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn翻译学 translatology/translation studies翻译休/翻译腔translationese死译/ 硬译 mechanical translation逐