《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》热点02 书面表达概要写作（新高考）-2021原卷版

1、热点02 书面表达概要写作【概要写作命题规律和趋势】根据普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明高考综合改革试验省份试用（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。【概要写作解题策略和技巧】第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。第二，定位主题句，找到关键

2、。概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。1议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Brac

3、keting includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other pers

4、on. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.本段陈述的

5、主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。只有这样才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促进双方共同进步。主题句为：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.，但是在概括中还必须包括bracketing所得到的两个要点：giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires和a temporary acceptance of the other p

6、erson，整合后可形成这样的主题内容：Following the rule “bracketing”, which means listening without prejudices and with acceptance, is of vital importance in helping you become a good listener.2说明文通常会有中心句，写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。例如：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar syste

7、m. In a statement, the California Institute of Technology (Calatech) said this planet travels in a strange orbit in the distant solar system. The discovery was made by two researchers at Caltech: Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown. They used mathematical modeling and computer simulations(模拟) to find

8、the planet. So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.本段落的主要内容为科学家们发现了第九大行星存在证据，不过目前为止对此行星并没有直接的观测发现。主题句为：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.用自己的语言重组后，关键信息如下：Though sci

9、entists have not observed the faraway planet directly, they say it is evident that there exists a giant planet in our solar system.第三，组织语言，转换表达。在概要写作的评分标准中，第五档（21-25分）中对语言表达独立性的要求为：完全使用自己的语言。有个别整句抄自原文的降低一个档次给分（第四档）；出现两句以上照抄原文的，再降低一个档次给分（第三档）。这就要求我们在概要写作的过程中，在读懂原文、抓住大意、定位主题句和找到关键信息之后，要做的就是对语言的润色加工了。在

10、这个过程中，我们可以采用同义替换、语义转换、要点重组、巧用关联词等方法灵活准确地表达，以达到语言表达独立性的要求。例如：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country migh

11、t not. A bird might perish. One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing; more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds. He says small changes-like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use-could make a big dif

12、ference.本段落的主要内容分为：研究者呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的栖息地。小小的善行能带来大大不同。主题句为：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundariessmall changescould make a big difference.可同义替换为contribute a lot; small changes可转换为a little kindness

13、，同时可用关联词for来连接两个句子，表述承接关系。由此，要点可整合为：Researchers urge countries to make joint efforts to provide a safe place for birds passing through their boundaries, for a small kindness can really contribute a lot.。【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动【限时检测】【高考真题和样题】A(2020年江苏省高考英语真题)话题：中国题材纪录片难度：建议用时：25分书面表达(满分25分)81.请阅读下面有关中国题

14、材纪录片(documentary)对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: Chinas Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.Li Jiang: I dont really understand every line he recites,

15、 but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.Li Jiang: Yeah, Its my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. Thes

16、e films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food.Li Jiang: I couldnt agree more.【写作内容】1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_B（2019年浙江省高考真题）话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式难度：建议

17、用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyr

18、e building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.   

19、Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.    So what is the right amount o

20、f praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push the

21、mselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”      Your son may not be the best basketball player on h

22、is team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But what

23、ever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it._C（华师一 2021届11月月考试题）话题：全球气候变暖对皇帝企鹅的生存带来危害难度：建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Until 2017, the Emperor penguin was listed as Least Concern by the International Union

24、 for Conservation of Nature, but as of 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted to suffer a moderately rapid population decline over the next three generations owing to the effects of climate change. The number one threat to their survival is global warming. Heres how it h

25、as affected Emperor penguins and what we should do.A decrease in the amount of sea ice formation, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future of the Emperor penguin. Many Emperor penguins breed on ice shelves that only form during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years

26、 when the ice shelves have melted back faster or sooner than usual. Many of the chicks havent completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.One thi

27、ng that less sea ice definitely affects is food for the penguins. One of their food sources is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery for the krill. The newly-born krill feed on the algae (水藻) that grow on the underside of the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae

28、for the krill to feed on, and consequently less krill is produced.Measures should be taken to protect these animals. People can donate to organizations that are working to protect Emperor penguins and other penguin species, and our oceans in general. Reducing your impact on the environment, in parti

29、cular, is something you can doyou can make these tiny changes to lower your carbon footprint every day. You can also be mindful about reducing seafood consumption and eating sustainably caught seafood, as overfishing is the second greatest threat to nearly every penguin species today. Also, avoid us

30、ing supplements and other products that contain krill or krill oil.D（2021届苏州市高三11月调研）话题：蜂群中的不同类型蜜蜂的特点难度：建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower. They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and

31、 then do a little dance that shows where the flower is and how far away it is. In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return to make honey and store it for the long cold winter. Bees build their own houses but they do not always have

32、round tops like people draw them in storybooks. They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey. In between the bottom storey and all the rest there are bars only just wide enough for the workers to pass through. The queen bee can never go up to the other floors becaus

33、e she is bigger than all the other bees. The storeys the queen cant enter are where the store rooms are. There are rooms for pollen, nectar and royal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the workers have to cover the walls and entrance of the rooms. They have to move the honey and the nectar and pollen

34、 away from the hot walls of the room. The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone. Once the queen has laid the eggs she throws the drone out because a drone just sits around eating honey and nectar. He cannot go out and collect pollen because drones do not have

35、pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have. Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not. What a bee ends up being when it grows up depends on what it eats. If it is to be a queen it must feed on royal jellies and it must never,

36、 ever set eyes on another queen. If it does they must fight till only one of them is still alive.E阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。话题：介绍雪山调水工程难度：建议用时：25分Australias greatest engineering accomplishment to date is the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme. It took 25 years to build and was completed in 1974 at

37、 a cost of $820 million. The aims of the scheme were to produce lots of electricity, and to supply water to households and for farming irrigation. The scheme works by collecting rain and melting snow from the Snowy Mountains and storing it in dams. This is then diverted (转移) through tunnels (隧道) and

38、 pipelines to power stations that produce electricity. The water used to produce the electricity then flows into the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers.The Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme is made up of sixteen large dams; seven major power stations; a pumping station; and 225 kilometres of tunnels

39、 and pipelines. It covers over 5,000 square kilometres of southern New South Wales (NSW). Seven regional townships and more than 100 temporary camps were established for the people who worked on the scheme.When the scheme began in 1949, Australia did not yet have a workforce with the required scient

40、ific and engineering skills needed to complete the project. Many migrants with experience in skills like surveying, tunnelling and geology were employed from overseas. Homeless persons from Europe also worked on the scheme on two-year contracts as part of their required work assignments. The largest

41、 group of workers were unassisted migrants who were drawn to the project by the high wages.More than 100,000 people worked on the project in total. Seventy percent of those were migrants. Workers came from more than 30 countries, including Germany, Italy, Austria and Poland. Most migrants were from

42、Europe because the White Australia Policy discouraged the immigration of people of non-white or non-European origin. Tunnelling in the Snowy Mountains was dangerous and dirty work. Even though the workers came from very different ethnic (种族的) backgrounds that may have fought against each other in Wo

43、rld War I and World War II, living and working in these difficult conditions brought them together. This was considered the beginning of Australias multiculturalism.F（扬州中学2021届10月月考）话题：父母应该和孩子制定哪些手机使用的规则难度：建议用时：5分阅读下面短文, 根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。There are some important regulations parents can take to ma

44、ke sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules arent followed, that makes life more predictable for them.Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you paid for it, you own it, which means you

45、 have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.After a kid has a cell phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also, teen cell phone addiction should be

46、 limited. Generally, its a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at bedtime. Come to agreement in advance about what they are and arent allowed to download on their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you dont want on their phones. Make sure yo

47、ur kids understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.You want to cover what is and isnt appropriate t

48、o share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos and language used in emails and on social media. But dont forget simpler things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to online.Lastly, there are times and places when using ones cell phone is not appropriate. In movie t

49、heaters or during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away. Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them, they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.G(华师一 2021届高三10月月考试题)话题：二手教科书回收者难度：建议用时：25分阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。College students n

50、eed textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition, room and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are prepared specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbooks are extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. Whi