北京市东城区2019届高三下学期综合练习(一)英语试卷附答案解析

1、1 北京市东城区2018 2019 学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）英语试题本试卷共 10页，共 120分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。a tons of waste is being left on mount qomolangma by a _1_ (grow) number of vi

2、sitors, which bothers many people. a team will deal with the task _2_ the climbing season ends this may, by which time there will be fewer visitors. garbage _3_ (collect) on qomolangma requires two to three years of training, according to cering dandar, a mountaineer and guide.【答案】 1. growing 2. whe

3、n/after 3. collection 【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了珠穆拉玛峰上随着游客增多而带来的成吨的垃圾困扰了许多人。【 1 题详解】考查形容词。句意：越来越多的游客在珠穆朗玛峰上留下了大量的垃圾，这让很多人感到困扰。number 为名词，需要形容词修饰，故填growing。【 2 题详解】考查连词。句意：一个团队将在今年5 月登山季节结束后处理这项任务。表示“在五月登山季节结束之后”应用 after；也可以填when，表示“当五月登山季节结束时”，引导时间状语从句。【 3 题详解】考查名词。句意：登山运动员兼导游cering dandar 表示，珠峰上的垃圾收集工作需要两到三年的

4、培训。此处作句子的主语，需要名词形式，且根据谓语requires 为第三人称单数形式，故填单数collection 。b 2 food is one of the most basic and important daily needs. it gives us the strength and energy we need _4_ (work) and play. food also plays a role in our social interactions. whether we _5_ (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing

5、with friends, eating is an important social pastime. it is also an important part of our culture. _6_ a particular people like to eat can tell us a lot _7_ a country s geography, history and traditions.【答案】 4. to work 5. are celebrating 6. what 7. about 【解析】这是一篇说明文。描述了食物是最基本和最重要的日常需求之一。【 4 题详解】考查非谓语

6、动词。句意：它给了我们工作和玩耍所需要的力量和能量。此处不定式表目的，故填to work 。【 5 题详解】考查动词时态。句意：不论我们是否正在庆祝重要的时刻或是和朋友休闲，饮食都是一个重要的社交娱乐。根据下文并列位于relaxing 可知，本句用现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，且主语为we，故填are celebrating。【 6 题详解】考查连接词。本句为主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指物，故用关系代词what。【 7 题详解】考查介词。短语tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人关于某事”后跟介词about，故填 about。c going to museums has b

7、ecome a trendy thing to do during the holidays in china. a popular choice this spring festival was the palace museum, _8_ a special exhibition was staged to provide a virtual royal experience for visitors. the entire museum _9_(decorate) with newly-restored ancient royal lanterns and spring couplets

8、, including a set of the chinese character “ fu” _10_ (write) by five qing dynasty emperors.【答案】 8. where 9. was decorated 10. written 【解析】这是一段说明文。讲述了在中国节假日去博物馆已经成为一件时髦的事情。【 8 题详解】考查连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the palace museum，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词3 where。【 9 题详解】考查被动语态。句意：整个博物馆用新修复的古代皇家灯笼和春联装饰。本句主语和谓语构成被动，且动作发

9、生在过去，故用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填was decorated。【 10 题详解】考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故write 只能做非谓语与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用过去分词written 。第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。during my second year in high school, i got sick and missed a few days. when i _11_, i was greeted with t

10、wo essays due, three days of math and history homework, plus several tests. _12_ i went home from school that day exhausted, i had to stay up really late to finish them all. the next day at school, i got a rude awakening: i d totally forgotten to prepare for the _13_ on romeo and juliet, which i d t

11、ake _14_ my lunch hour! worse still, i had _15_ the in-class discussion and all the notes. when lunch came, i went to the english room to face my certain doom( 厄运 ). all i could do was try to _16_ on the questions i didn t know.as it turned out, i didn t know the majority of the questions. i was jus

12、t about to give _17_ when my pencil accidentally fell and broke. standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, i _18_ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! what good fortune! i can kiss good-bye to all my _19_ of failing the test! my heart started beating, and my brain _2

13、0_, yes! read over the answers quickly! this was quickly followed by another voice, no! you ll get caught! my mind turning back and forth, yes! no! yes! no! this went on for ten of the _21_seconds in my entire life. finally, i decided to finish the test on my own, without _22_! i was satisfied with

14、my decision but pretty _23_ i had failed the test. the next day when i walked into the english room, my great joy of having been an _24_ soul changed into a wave of doom as i saw my test paper lying face down on my desk. i knew what awaited me. i stared at it a few seconds before i got up the _25_ t

15、o turn it over. you can only imagine my _26_ when i learned that i had passed the test! i have never in my whole life been so happy to see my _27_, a c-. my mom says the victories that _28_ the most courage are won within. now i know _29_ what she means. 4 now not only can my conscience( 良心 ) rest e

16、asy, but i don t have to worry about getting caught and meeting a sad _30_ like romeo and juliet. 11. a. arrivedb. returnedc. appearedd. finished 12. a. ifb. becausec. untild. although 13. a. lectureb. essayc. playd. test 14. a. byb. uponc. overd. toward 15. a. missedb. carriedc. lostd. dropped 16.

17、a. dependb. agreec. guessd. improve 17. a. inb. offc. outd. away 18. a. wroteb. settledc. calmedd. looked 19. a. boredomb. worriesc. lonelinessd. tiredness 20. a. whisperedb. warnedc. persuadedd. chanted 21. a. coldestb. saddestc. longestd. fastest 22. a. sufferingb. checkingc. cheatingd. thinking 2

18、3. a. certainb. regretfulc. annoyedd. relieved 24. a. openb. honestc. optimisticd. energetic 25. a. wisdomb. encouragementc. intentiond. nerve 26. a. anxietyb. shockc. feard. appreciation 27. a. paperb. creditc. rated. grade 28. a. takeb. putc. findd. gain 29. a. graduallyb. exactlyc. willinglyd. se

19、emingly 30. a. filmb. factc. endingd. love【答案】 11. b 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. a 16. c 17. a 18. d 19. b 20. a 21. c 22. c 23. a 24. b 25. d 26. b 27. d 28. a 29. b 30. c 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者由于生病缺席了课业，结果忘了准备一次测试，只能靠猜答案来做题。在考试途中作者的笔偶然摔断了，因此在黑板旁边削笔时发现可以看到答案，因此内心挣扎要不要靠作弊来通过考试。结果作者还是诚实地完成了测试，本以为一定会不及格，结果得到了c-的

20、故事。【 11 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。 a. arrived 到达；b. returned 回到；c. appeared 出现；d. finished 完成。根据下文two essays可知作者回到了学校，故选b。5 【 12 题详解】考查连词辨析。a. if 如果； b. because 因为； c. until 直到才； d. although 尽管。根据下文i had to stay up really late to finish them all 可知“尽管”作者每天疲惫地从学校回到家，还是要熬夜到很晚。故选d。【 13 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. lecture 演讲； b

21、. essay散文； c. play 剧本； d. test 测试。根据第三段the answer sheet for the test 可知这是一次关于罗密欧和朱丽叶的测试，故选d。【 14 题详解】考查介词辨析。a. by 借助； b. upon 在之上；c. over 越过； d. toward 朝着。作者因为没有准备考试，因此只能“占用”午饭时间来准备考试。take over “占用”，故选c 。【 15 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. missed 错过； b. carried 搬运； c. lost 失去； d. dropped 掉下。根据上文worse still 可知作者错过了

22、课堂讨论和笔记。故选a。【 16 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. depend 依靠； b. agree同意； c. guess猜测； d. improve 促进。作者没有准备只能“猜”问题的答案。故选c 。【 17 题详解】考查介词词义辨析。a. in 屈服； b. off 发出； c. out 分发； d. away 赠送。根据下文可知作者刚要屈服的时候，作者的笔偶然掉下去摔断了。give in“屈服”故选a。【 18 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. wrote 书写； b. settled 解决； c. calmed 冷静； d. looked 看着。根据上文standing by th

23、e blackboard 可知作者站在黑板旁边，向下看可以看到试卷的答案。故选d。【 19 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. boredom 厌倦； b. worries 担忧； c. loneliness 寂寞； d. tiredness 疲惫。句意：我再也不用担心考试不及格了! 故选 b。【 20 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. whispered 耳语； b. warned 警告； c. persuaded劝说； d. chanted 吟唱。句意：我的心脏开始狂跳，我的大脑在对我私语。故选a。【 21 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. coldest 最冷的； b. saddest最悲伤的

24、； c. longest 最长的； d. fastest 最快的。句意：这是我人生中最长的十秒钟。故选c。【 22 题详解】6 考查动词词义辨析。a. suffering 遭受； b. checking 检查； c. cheating 欺骗； d. thinking 思考。 根据上文i decided to finish the test on my own可知作者决定不作弊自己完成测试，故选c。【 23 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. certain 确信； b. regretful 后悔的； c. annoyed 恼怒的； d. relieved 减轻。作者没有准备因此非常确信自己会不及

25、格。故选a。【 24 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。a. open 打开的； b. honest 诚实的； c. optimistic 乐观的； d. energetic 精力充沛的。作者没有作弊，因此是诚实带来的愉悦。故选b。【 25 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. wisdom 智慧； b. encouragement鼓励； c. intention 意图； d. nerve 神经。句意：我盯着它看了几秒钟，才鼓起勇气把它翻过来。故选d。【 26 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. anxiety 焦虑； b. shock 震惊； c. fear 害怕； d. appreciation 欣赏。

26、根据下文when i learned that i had passed the test可知作者通过了测试非常震惊，故选b。【 27 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. paper 纸； b. credit 信用； c. rate比率； d. grade 成绩。根据下文c-可知是看到了成绩，故选 d。【 28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。a. take 带走； b. put 放； c. find 发现； d. gain 获得。句意：我妈妈说，最需要勇气的胜利是发自内心的。 take courage “鼓起勇气”，故选a。【 29 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。a. gradually 逐渐地； b.

27、exactly 精确地； c. willingly乐意地； d. seemingly 看来似乎。 句意：现在我完全明白她的意思了。故选b。【 30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。a. film 电影； b. fact 事实； c. ending 结束； d. love 爱。句意：现在，我的良心不仅可以得到放松，而且我也不必担心会被抓住，像罗密欧与朱丽叶那样遭遇悲惨的结局。故选c。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共 15小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a 7 the perfect sleep

28、 chair is designed to be the most comfortable recliner chair. whether you are sitting upright, relaxing in your favorite tv viewing position, or lying completely flat for sleeping, it s like being on a cloud. a cloud that has built-in heat and massage settings to match your own personal comfort leve

29、l. it even has a battery backup in case of a power cut. with perfect sleep chair, there s a perfect position for everybody, even those that prefer to lie flat but want the additional support that most mattresses(垫子 ) don t provide. at the touch of a button, the perfect sleep chair gently lifts you t

30、o an almost standing position so you can get back on your feet with ease. some owners use this feature daily, while others use it when recovering from an illness. time and time again, our customers tell us they are tired of having to replace their recliners due to quality issues. we hear you! that i

31、s why the perfect sleep chair is handmade in the usa using quality hardwoods and only the highest quality upholster( 垫衬物 ). each chair is carefully crafted by workers and not just a bunch of robots. every chair structure is guaranteed for life and the electronic components are generously warranted f

32、or three years. simply put, it s the highest quality chair on the market but it doesn t end therewhen you purchase the perfect sleep chair, you ll get your choice of cloth and colors! you ll also receive white glove delivery. professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where yo

33、u want it, unpack it, inspect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away! to ensure that your product and purchase process is of the highest quality, our customer service team is here to answer any question, five days a week, from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. please call us at 800-958-8324. 31.

34、according to the advertisement, perfect sleep chair . （事实信息）a. helps detect illnesses b. supports various body positions c. comes with an additional mattress d. adjusts its temperature accordingly 32. what is the key feature of perfect sleep chair introduced in paragraph 3? ( 推理判断 ) a. it is safe.b.

35、 it is lasting. c. it is portable.d. it is comfortable. 33. what service can customers receive? 8 a. home delivery.b. free replacement. c. a 24-hour hotline.d. a money-back guarantee.【答案】 31. b 32. b 33. a 【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一种支持各种各样身体姿势的椅子perfect sleep chair 以及它的特色。【 31 题详解】细节理解题。第一段第二句whether you are

36、sitting upright, relaxing in your favorite tv viewing position, or lying completely flat for sleeping, it s like being on a cloud.可知不管你是笔直地坐着，还是以你最喜欢的看电视的姿势放松，还是完全平躺着睡觉，perfect sleep chair 都可以。故perfect sleep chair 支持各种各样的身体姿势。故选 b。【 32 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句every chair structure is guaranteed for life

37、 and the electronic components are generously warranted for three years.可知每一把椅子的结构都是终身保修的，电子元件的保修期为三年。可推理得第三段介绍了perfect sleep chair 的一个重要性能是持久耐用，故选b。【 33 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句youll also receive white glove delivery. professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it, un

38、pack it, inspect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away!可知专业人士会把椅子搬到你家里你想要的地方，打开它，检查它，测试它，定位它，甚至把包装拿走! 可知顾客可以收到送货上门服务，故选a。b in the short time steve and zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. the long

39、dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox. “ let s go! we can make it back to the river we crossed today!” steve kept brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. but brady barked a sharp warning. ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. they would never

40、make it through that. the dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet steve was uneasy. it seemed to him that they were moving away from the river. suddenly, zach cried. “ zach! ” steve shouted. “ are you ok? where are you?” then brady pulled steve down a sharp slope

41、(坡). at its base, zach was rubbing his ankle. as steve helped his friend to his feet, brady lifted his head and snuffed( 嗅) the smoke-laden wind. next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. the boys shouted for him, but he didn t come back. steve couldn t blame brady for panicking. he himself

42、 wanted to run even though he didn t have a clue which way.9 steve and zach hadn t gone far when there was a familiar bark, and brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they d just climbed. but steve didn t get it. then brad

43、y grabbed the boy s jeans and started pulling. the message was clear, but steve hesitated. of course he remembered brady saving his uncle s life when the dog was much younger. was he still sharp enough to get them through this?nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. brady pulled again, urgently

44、. “ ok, big guy,” steve gritted(咬紧牙关 ). brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. not far from them fire was touching underbrush. several times the big dog stopped. often he changed directions. steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but brady wouldn t have it. the dog bullied b

45、oth boys t o go on. how long they d walked steve had no idea. he was almost numb when he heard itthe wonderful sound of rushing water! 34. what happened to steve and zach at first? a. they got injured.b. they lost their dog. c. they were trapped.d. they became separated. 35. brady ran away to _. a.

46、seek helpb. find a way out c. rescue zachd. escape for life 36. how did steve feel after brady pulled his jeans? a. uneasy.b. impatient. c. numb.d. uncertain. 37. the passage basically describes _. a. an adventureb. an exploration c. an escape gamed. a training program【答案】 34. d 35. b 36. d 37. a 【解

47、析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了steve 和 zach 在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。【 34 题详解】细节理解题。第三段第二句steve shouted. “are you ok? where are you?”可知一开始steve 和 zach 走散了，故选 d。【 35 题详解】细节理解题。第四段最后一句he himself wanted to run even though he didnt have a clue which way.可知 brady 奔跑的原因是想要找到路。故选b。【 36 题详解】10 细节理解题。根据第五段the message was clear, but st

48、eve hesitated. 可知当 brady 脱下牛仔裤后，steve 犹豫了，故选 d。【 37 题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要记叙了steve 和 zach 在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。故选a。c most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. in the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators( 掠食者 ). but warm-blooded predators are more di

49、verse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. why? john grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism( 新陈代谢 ). perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? but they found that at higher, cold

50、er places, there isn t actually much more food around. it s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors. the real explanation is simple. an animal s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its t

51、emperature. since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. by contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. at some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey( 猎物 ). they become more like

52、ly to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own. in grady s words, “ warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” that s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. by

53、keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. the killer whales of the north pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents. but the wo

54、rld is changing. it s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3 within this century. grady s team estimates that every time the ocean s surface warms by 1, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%. but “ predictions are hard

55、,” donna hauser from the university of alaska fairbanks notes. “ polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. these changes might make sea mammals

56、more adaptable to changing cli mates. maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”38. why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles? a. because there is more food. 11 b. because there are fewer enemies. c. because they are faster and wiser. d.

57、 because they consume less energy. 39. the author mentions the killer whales to show _. a. the benefit of biological evolution b. food preference of different sea mammals c. the distinction of specific types of predators d. the advantage of constant body temperature 40. what is donna hauser s attitu

58、de towards the future of the sea mammals?a. positive.b. negative. c. neutral.d. sceptical. 41. which is the best title for the passage? a. are the poles heaven for sea predators? b. how do sea mammals track their prey? c. why do the warm-blooded like food cold? d. is the world too hot for the warm-b

59、looded?【答案】 38. c 39. d 40. a 41. c 【解析】这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。【 38 题详解】推理判断题。第三段第二句an animals speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. since birds and mammals can keep heating th

60、eir bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选c。【 39 题详解】推理判断题。 根据第四段第一句in grady s words, “warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” that s why sharks