阅读理解之词义猜测

1、Guessing meanings 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能, 因此因此, 词词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。思和判断指代内容。高考考点分布：高考考点分布：考纲要求考纲要求考题落实情况考题落实情况201420142013201320122012201120112010201020092009 20082008理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义1 13 32 21 11 11 12 2理解文中

2、具体信理解文中具体信息息4 49 9131313137 710106 6根据上下文推根据上下文推断生词的词义断生词的词义1 12 21 11 11 11 11 1作出判断和推理作出判断和推理14145 52 24 44 42 24 4理解文章的基本理解文章的基本结构结构0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0理解作者的意图、理解作者的意图、观点和态度观点和态度0 01 12 21 12 21 12 22007 2007 3 37 72 22 20 01 1 分析题干能力分析题干能力unconditional:无条件的无条件的, ,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition condit

3、ional 情况，条件情况，条件 n. n. 有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.unconditional:Group1 nonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.判断判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:归纳归纳1 1： 英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 Group2 1.I

4、t will be very hard but also very brittle that is , it will break easily2.The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”,students who take tests for other students. 脆的脆的冒名替考者冒名替考者3. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _. 4. The modern age of medicine began with the st

5、ethoscope, an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing. 人类学人类学 听诊器听诊器根据同位或解释关系：根据同位或解释关系：3.3.根据并列同类关系根据并列同类关系: :猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词：逻辑词：be, be called, means, be defined as, that is（to say）,namely, in other words, ect 通过生词后的定语通过生词后的定语( (定语从句或分词短定语从句或分词短语等语等) )、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折

6、号等的解释说明来推测其意思。破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。and, or，not only but also 等并列的几个等并列的几个事物应属同类事物事物应属同类事物, 由此可推测其中一个的大由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。概意思。1.(广东广东2014D) However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started th

7、is type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. The underlined phrase swa

8、p meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings2.(广东广东2008A) Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth,

9、listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was jus

10、t a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD.

11、separation3.(广东广东07A) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as muc

12、h time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 meansA. state-owned houses B. houses in very good conditionC. grand houses open to the publicD. houses where statesmen meet re

13、gularly4.However, some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition, leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year. It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph

14、2 mean?A cared. B. needed. C. harmed. D. supported.Group 31. Unlike the United States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous. 2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.单一民族的单一民

15、族的目空一切目空一切, ,傲慢的傲慢的3. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 4. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.热的热的恶化恶化猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词逻辑词:but, though, although, however, yet, otherwise, or, while, unlike,on the one handon the other hand,

16、for one thingfor another thing, instead of, rather than 等等1.（广东（广东2010B）It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have

17、 great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winners key to success.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A avoid B. accept C. improve D consider 2.(广东广东2009B) We studied the

18、board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that tendollar g

19、rand prize，each and every one of US. Im going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _. A. formed an idea forB. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some colors f

20、or 3.In Kennons opinion, however, the cat was a hopeless case. Many doctors would have put down such a badly hurt animal. But she couldnt be so cruel. The kittens bright eyes and sad face had won her over. There was no way of finding his owner, so Kennon, a single woman aged 56, decided to keep him.

21、The underlined phrase “put down” in Paragraph 2 most probably means_.A.hurt B. killed C. refused D. replaced Group 41.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.2.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.3The river id so turbid that it is im

22、possible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效的凋谢凋谢,枯萎枯萎浑浊不清的浑浊不清的根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。以找出原因。 猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词逻辑词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus, so that 1.Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one,

23、admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we s

24、eldom think of how it might affect the other child. The underlined expression “make a big to do over” (paragraph 4)means _.A. show much concern aboutB. have a special effect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things for2.When Lin was little, he loved disassembling things to look at how they wor

25、k. Even though he often failed at putting them back together, his curiosity was never satisfied and he laid hands on everything, except computers. “My parents told me not to disassemble computers because theyre expensive, so I researched the software instead,” says Lin. When he went to university, L

26、in chose a subject that was related to engineering and programming. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “disassemble”?A. look through B. search intoC. take apart D. focus onGroup 5Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the f

27、arm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽装置装置规则规则 5：example 举例法举例法 逻辑词逻辑词: such, such as, like, for example，for instance, especially, include, consist of 1.Another master of paper-folding is Jen Stark. Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves an

28、d topographic(地形的地形的) maps. Using her vivid imagination and a special knife, she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic, complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes. Her work draws inspiration from nature. What does the underlined word “hu

29、mble” in the last paragraph probably mean?A.common and popular B. simple and cheap C. useless and priceless D. numb and meaningless2.I died eight times during my coma and I couldnt talk or communicate when I woke up. Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries. Just like my body, my dreams were almost shattered. But I was not going to let my injuries prevent me from living my dreams. What does the underlined word “shattered” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.begun B. destroyed C.