现在完成时课件说课材料

1、现在(xinzi)完成时 The Present Perfect Tense第一页，共40页。一、构成(guchng):have/has+动词(dngc)过去分词第二页，共40页。二、含义(hny):(定义一)表示过去发生(fshng)的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.第三页，共40页。句式句式(j sh)构成构成1.肯定句肯定句:S(主语(zhy)）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。第四页，共40页。2. 否定句否定句:S ( 语语)

2、+have/has+not +PP(过过去分词去分词)+(其他其他(qt)）。）。第五页，共40页。3.一般一般(ybn)疑问句疑问句Have/has+ S (主语主语(zhy)+PP(过过去分词去分词)? Yes, S+have/has.No, S+have/hasnt.第六页，共40页。（改为(i wi)否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day. I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?第七页，共40页。

3、 He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为(i wi)一般疑问句) Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been ill第八页，共40页。不规则动词(dngc)原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1） AAA型(三种都一样(yyng)如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bri

4、ng-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led 第九页，共40页。3） ABC型(三种都不一样(yyng) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run 第十页，共40页。1. 现在(xinzi)完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语

5、气(yq) “难道” Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示(biosh)强调) Have you had breakfast already?第十一页，共40页。注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成(wn chng)时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.第十二页，共40页。2. yet在现在(xinzi)完成时中的用法 否定句:句末 “还(没)”疑问句: 句

6、末 “己经” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?第十三页，共40页。注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末. Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句:一般(ybn)疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?第十四页，共40页。 3. ever在现在完成时中(sh zhn)的用法 肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经(cngjng)” Eg

7、. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 第十五页，共40页。4. never在现在完成(wn chng)时中的用法否定句: 句中 “从来(cngli)没有”Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.第十六页，共40页。注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般(ybn)疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”Eg. He has ever made dumplings.否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No,

8、never.He has never made dumplings.第十七页，共40页。5. just在现在(xinzi)完成时中的用法用于句中, 表示(biosh)“刚刚”Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?第十八页，共40页。6. before在现在完成时中(sh zhn)的用法用于句末, 表示(biosh)“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?第十九页，共40页。 (定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通

9、常(tngchng)和for或since引导的时间状语连用.第二十页，共40页。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间第二十一页，共40页。2. since +从句(cn j)(一般过去时) 词组(cz) (表示过去(guq)某一时间的)时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.第二十二页，共4

10、0页。注: 对for或since引导(yndo)的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 绝不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?第二十三页，共40页。注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用(linyng), 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I h

11、ave been away there for 5 years. 第二十四页，共40页。短暂性动词与延续(ynx)动词间的转换第二十五页，共40页。5.短暂动词和延续(ynx)动词转换瞬间性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married第二十六页，共40页。瞬间性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach第二十七页，共40页。 have /has been to，hav

12、e / has gone to， have / has been in的用法(yn f)区别 1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答(hud)，人不在说话地点。3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； h

13、ave / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。第二十八页，共40页。Since句式(j sh)：It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed+since + 句子(一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.第二十九页，共40页。（一）现在完成(wn chng)时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某

14、一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系(gun x)，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。第三十页，共40页。He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来(yli)他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）第三十一页，共40页。用动词的适当形式填空(tinkng)（注意时态） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _

15、. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been第三十二页，共40页。不规则动词(dngc)的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA:

16、 put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten第三十三页，共40页。AAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词(dnc)，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词

17、形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 第三十四页，共40页。有些动词的过去分词与原形(yunxng)是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA第三十五页，共40页。原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-

18、e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则(guz)动词)第三十六页，共40页。1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词(dnc)中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含规则(gu