六、数词和主谓一致

1、六、数词和主谓一致六、数词和主谓一致熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列各句，体会其中数词的用法及运用主谓熟读下列各句，体会其中数词的用法及运用主谓一致的三个原则。一致的三个原则。1.1.Several millionSeveral million people in the world are people in the world are sending information by e sending information by emailmail every day. every day. 世界上每天有好几百万的人在发电子邮件。世界上每天有好几百万的人在发电子邮件。2.2.Thousands o

2、fThousands of fans are waiting for the fans are waiting for the singer. singer. 成千上万的歌迷在等待着这位歌手。成千上万的歌迷在等待着这位歌手。3.3.Three dozenThree dozen ofof them are League members. them are League members. 他们中有三十六人是团员。他们中有三十六人是团员。4.4.Three scoreThree score ofof people are girls. people are girls. 有六十个是女孩。有六十个是女

3、孩。5.Our classroom is 5.Our classroom is three timesthree times the size of the size of theirs. theirs. 我们的教室是他们的三倍大。我们的教室是他们的三倍大。6.Tom has 6.Tom has four times morefour times more money money thanthan I have. I have. 汤姆的钱比我的多四倍。汤姆的钱比我的多四倍。7.The line is 7.The line is longer than that onelonger than t

4、hat one by twice. by twice. 这条线比那条线长两倍。这条线比那条线长两倍。8.Her mathematics 8.Her mathematics isis weak. weak. 她数学差。她数学差。9.This pair of glasses 9.This pair of glasses isis very expensive. very expensive. 这副眼镜很贵。这副眼镜很贵。10.The number of people invited 10.The number of people invited waswas fifty, fifty, but a

5、 number of them but a number of them werewere absent for absent for different reasons. different reasons. 被邀请的人数是被邀请的人数是5050，但是很多人由于各种原因，但是很多人由于各种原因 缺席了。缺席了。11.Mr.Green together with his children 11.Mr.Green together with his children goesgoes to the park every Sunday. to the park every Sunday. 格林先生

6、和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。12.When and where to go for the on12.When and where to go for the onsalarysalary holiday holiday hashas not been decided yet. not been decided yet. 何时何地休这个带薪假还没有决定下来。何时何地休这个带薪假还没有决定下来。13.Either of the two stories 13.Either of the two stories isis interesting. intere

7、sting. 这两个故事都很有趣。这两个故事都很有趣。14.When he came back,nothing14.When he came back,nothing waswas the same the same as before. as before. 他回来时，一切都和以前不一样了。他回来时，一切都和以前不一样了。15.Ten pounds 15.Ten pounds waswas missing from the till. missing from the till. 钱柜里的钱丢了钱柜里的钱丢了1010英镑。英镑。16.The disabled 16.The disabled

8、areare well taken care of in well taken care of in this country. this country. 在这个国家残疾人受到很好的照顾。在这个国家残疾人受到很好的照顾。17.Either you or the headmaster 17.Either you or the headmaster isis to hand to hand out the prizes to those gifted students out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. at the m

9、eeting. 在会议上要么你要么校长给那些有天分的学生在会议上要么你要么校长给那些有天分的学生 颁奖。颁奖。18.There 18.There isis a computer and some books on a computer and some books on the table. the table. 桌子上有一台电脑和一些书。桌子上有一台电脑和一些书。归纳总结归纳总结1.1.数量的确指和概指数量的确指和概指 （1 1）基数词）基数词hundred,thousand,millionhundred,thousand,million等表示等表示 确切数目时，词尾一般不加确切数目时，词尾

10、一般不加“-s”-s”，其前可用，其前可用 several,some,manyseveral,some,many等修饰。等修饰。 （2 2）当表示概指时，其词尾要加）当表示概指时，其词尾要加“-s”-s”，与，与ofof 连用，其前不能用数词修饰。连用，其前不能用数词修饰。 （3 3）dozendozen与数词或与数词或many,severalmany,several等连用时，不等连用时，不 用加用加“-s”-s”，所修饰的名词前常省略，所修饰的名词前常省略ofof。如果。如果 所修饰的名词前有所修饰的名词前有these,those,them,usthese,those,them,us等词等词

11、 时，其后必须加时，其后必须加ofof。 （4 4）scorescore前面有具体数字时，一般不用复数形前面有具体数字时，一般不用复数形 式，其后常与式，其后常与ofof短语连用。短语连用。2.2.倍数的四种表达方式：倍数的四种表达方式： （1 1）主语）主语+ +谓语谓语+ +倍数倍数+as+as+形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级 +as+as+比较对象比较对象 （2 2）主语）主语+ +谓语谓语+ +倍数倍数+the+the+度量名词度量名词+of+of+比较对比较对 象象 （3 3）主语）主语+ +谓语谓语+ +倍数倍数+ +形容词或副词的比较级形容词或副词的比较级 +than+than

12、+比较对象比较对象 （4 4）主语）主语+ +谓语谓语+ +形容词或副词的比较级形容词或副词的比较级+than+than+ 比较对象比较对象+by+by+倍数倍数3.3.主谓一致的语法一致原则主谓一致的语法一致原则 （1 1）以）以s s结尾的国名、地名或学科名作主结尾的国名、地名或学科名作主 语时，形式上是复数，但是谓语动词用单数。语时，形式上是复数，但是谓语动词用单数。 （2 2）主语是）主语是“a series of,a kind of,aa series of,a kind of,a piece piece of,a of,a pair of pair of等等+ +名词名词”结构时，

13、谓语动词用单结构时，谓语动词用单 数。数。 （3 3）“a number of+a number of+名词复数名词复数”作主语，谓语作主语，谓语 动词用复数；动词用复数；“the number of+the number of+名词复数名词复数”作作 主语，谓语动词用单数。主语，谓语动词用单数。 （4 4）主语后有）主语后有with,together with,alongwith,together with,along with,except,besides,as with,except,besides,as well as well as等短语时，等短语时， 谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的

14、名词的单复谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复 数保持一致。数保持一致。 （5 5）表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句）表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 （6 6）“one/either/neither/each of+one/either/neither/each of+复数名词复数名词 或代词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 （7 7）something,everything,nothingsomething,everything,nothing等作主语等作主语 时，谓语动词通常用单数形

15、式。时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。4.4.主谓一致的意义一致原则主谓一致的意义一致原则 （1 1）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复 数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词 用单数。用单数。 （2 2）“the+the+形容词形容词/ /分词分词”结构指人时，谓语动结构指人时，谓语动 词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用 单数。单数。 （3 3）主语为）主语为family,team,group,governmentfamily,team,group,government等

16、等 集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 （4 4）分数、百分数，）分数、百分数，all,some,the rest,theall,some,the rest,the remaining,part remaining,part of of等作主语时，谓语动词的单等作主语时，谓语动词的单 复数根据其指代的含义确定。复数根据其指代的含义确定。 （5 5）whatwhat引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词 的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数

17、。的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。 （6 6）一些单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，要）一些单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，要 根据其具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数。根据其具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数。 （7 7）suchsuch作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要 根据其意义而定。根据其意义而定。5.5.主谓一致的就近原则主谓一致的就近原则 （1 1）由）由either.or,neithereither.or,neither.nor,.nor, not.but,not not.but,not only.but also only.but also等连接的并列等连接的

18、并列 主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的主语，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的主语的 单复数保持一致。单复数保持一致。 （2 2）在倒装句及）在倒装句及there be,herethere be,here be be结构中，结构中， 谓语动词往往与最靠近的一个主语保持一致。谓语动词往往与最靠近的一个主语保持一致。试题归纳试题归纳1.How did your students express their 1.How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers Day thanks to you on Teachers Da

19、y？ A gift,togetherA gift,together with many flowers with many flowers sent to me by my students. sent to me by my students. A.is A.isB.areB.are C.was C.wasD.wereD.were 解析解析 题干中句子的主语是题干中句子的主语是A gift,A gift,介词短语介词短语 together with many flowerstogether with many flowers在句中用作状语在句中用作状语, , 故谓语动词应用单数形式故谓语动词

20、应用单数形式, ,因动作已在过去发生因动作已在过去发生, , 故用一般过去时。故用一般过去时。C2.Mike,what2.Mike,what did our monitor say just did our monitor say just now now？ Every boy and every girl as well as Every boy and every girl as well as teachers teachers who who to visit the museum to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate a

21、sked to be at the school gate before before 630 in the morning. 630 in the morning. A.is;is A.is;isB.are;areB.are;are C.is;are C.is;areD.are;isD.are;is 解析解析 分析句子意思及句子结构分析句子意思及句子结构, ,该句为该句为whowho引引 导的定语从句导的定语从句, ,先行词是先行词是teachers,teachers,主谓要一致主谓要一致, , 故排除选项故排除选项A A、C;C;主句中的主语主句中的主语Every boy and Ever

22、y boy and every girl every girl是单数是单数, ,故该句中谓语动词需用单数故该句中谓语动词需用单数, , 根据句子意思根据句子意思, ,选项部分为一般现在时的被动结选项部分为一般现在时的被动结 构。构。D3.Children under sixteen are not permitted 3.Children under sixteen are not permitted to to see such kind of films see such kind of films bad for bad for their their mental developmen

23、t. mental development. A.that is A.that isB.thatB.that are are C.as is C.as isD.asD.as are are 解析解析 分析句子意思及句子结构分析句子意思及句子结构, ,该句为该句为 such.assuch.as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句, ,不属于不属于such.that such.that 引导的结果状语从句引导的结果状语从句, ,故排除选项故排除选项A A、B;B;在在 kind kind of+ of+名词作主语时名词作主语时, ,其谓语动词要与其谓语动词要与kindkind保持一保持一 致致, ,故该句

24、中谓语动词用单数。故该句中谓语动词用单数。C4.Whats your favorite in your spare 4.Whats your favorite in your spare time,Jack time,Jack？ Writing stories and articles Writing stories and articles what what I I enjoy most. enjoy most. A.is A.isB.wasB.was C.were C.wereD.areD.are 解析解析 分析句子意思可知分析句子意思可知, ,该题是该题是“动名词动名词+ +名名 词复

25、数词复数”构成动名词短语作主语。在这一结构构成动名词短语作主语。在这一结构 中中, ,谓语动词应由动名词决定谓语动词应由动名词决定,“,“写小说和文章写小说和文章” 是强调是强调“写作写作”这一概念这一概念, ,为单数形式为单数形式, ,表示现表示现 在的状态。在的状态。A5.Are the new machines working5.Are the new machines working？ Yes.ThreeYes.Three million tons of coal million tons of coal ex- ex- ploited ploited every year in th

26、e city. every year in the city. A.is A.isB.areB.are C.has C.hasD.haveD.have 解析解析 句中句中coal(coal(煤煤) )为不可数名词为不可数名词, ,被被 three three million tons of million tons of限定限定, ,在句中作主语。这时在句中作主语。这时, ,句句 子谓语动词的数应与子谓语动词的数应与 of of 短语中表示短语中表示“数量数量” 的名词的名词“tons”tons”一致一致, ,故要选复数形式的谓语动故要选复数形式的谓语动 词。根据句子意思词。根据句子意思, ,

27、选项部分为一般现在时的被选项部分为一般现在时的被 动结构动结构, ,选项选项 C C、D D都是主动语态结构。都是主动语态结构。B6.I have finished a large part of the novel 6.I have finished a large part of the novel written by Dickens,the written by Dickens,the rest of which rest of which very difficult. very difficult. A.is A.isB.areB.are C.was C.wasD.wereD.we

28、re 解析解析 根据句子意思可知根据句子意思可知, ,句中关系代词句中关系代词whichwhich 所指代先行词所指代先行词the novelthe novel为一整体概念的名词为一整体概念的名词, , 应视为单数应视为单数, ,说明代词说明代词 the restthe rest为为the novelthe novel的的 一部分一部分, ,也应该视为单数形式也应该视为单数形式, ,故句子的谓语动故句子的谓语动 词为单数形式词为单数形式, ,强调现状强调现状, ,用一般现在时。用一般现在时。A7.The great writer and professor 7.The great writer

29、 and professor ,who ,who very strict with his students. very strict with his students. A.is A.is an old man;is an old man;is B.are B.are both old men;are both old men;are C.is C.is an old man and a young man;is an old man and a young man;is D.are D.are two Chinese;are two Chinese;are 解析解析 句中句中andand

30、连接的两个名词为可以兼类的连接的两个名词为可以兼类的 表示人的职业的名词表示人的职业的名词, ,当两个名词前被一个冠词当两个名词前被一个冠词 限定时限定时, ,应视为单数应视为单数, ,表示一个人；当两个名词表示一个人；当两个名词 前分别有冠词限定时前分别有冠词限定时, ,应视为复数应视为复数, ,表示两个人。表示两个人。 根据句子结构根据句子结构, ,定语从句中的关系代词定语从句中的关系代词whowho指代指代 的先行词就是前面的单数名词的先行词就是前面的单数名词, ,故定语从句也应故定语从句也应 为单数形式。为单数形式。A8.A large number of students in ou

31、r school 8.A large number of students in our school from the countryside;the from the countryside;the number of number of them them growing these years. growing these years. A.is;has been A.is;has beenB.are;hasB.are;has been been C.is;have been C.is;have beenD.are;haveD.are;have been been 解析解析 a num

32、ber ofa number of意思为意思为“许多许多”, ,后必须接后必须接 复数名词作主语复数名词作主语, ,谓语动词要用复数形式谓语动词要用复数形式;the ;the number of number of后接复数名词后接复数名词, ,意思为意思为“的数的数 量量”, ,主语为主语为number,number,表单数意义表单数意义, ,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用 单数形式。单数形式。B9.What the remote areas need 9.What the remote areas need education education to to children and what t

33、he children need children and what the children need good textbooks at the moment. good textbooks at the moment. A.is;are A.is;areB.are;isB.are;is C.was;were C.was;wereD.were;wasD.were;was 解析解析 一般情况下一般情况下,what,what引导主语从句引导主语从句, ,常表示常表示 单数意义单数意义, ,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式, ,但当它所指的但当它所指的 具体内容是复数意义时具体内容是复数意义

34、时, ,谓语动词要用复数形式。谓语动词要用复数形式。 该题强调现在该题强调现在, ,用一般现在时态。用一般现在时态。A10.There 10.There a table,four chairs,three a table,four chairs,three bikes bikes in the courtyard,in in the courtyard,in the middle of the middle of which which two tall trees with great two tall trees with great shade shade. . A.are;is A.a

35、re;isB.is;areB.is;are C.has;have C.has;haveD.have;hasD.have;has 解析解析 在在there bethere be句型结构中句型结构中, ,如果有两个或两如果有两个或两 个以上的名词位于个以上的名词位于 there bethere be之后之后, ,用作句子的用作句子的 主语时主语时,be,be动词的单复数应与最靠近它的名词保动词的单复数应与最靠近它的名词保 持一致持一致, ,故第一空选故第一空选 is;is;第二空为地点状语前置第二空为地点状语前置, , 属全部倒装属全部倒装, ,选项后的名词为句子的主语选项后的名词为句子的主语,

36、,为复为复 数名词数名词, ,故谓语动词要用复数形式。选项故谓语动词要用复数形式。选项 C C、D D 均为结构错误。均为结构错误。B11.11.The Arabian Nights The Arabian Nights well known all well known all over over the world,in the world,in which many a story which many a story interesting and instructive. interesting and instructive. A.is;are A.is;areB.are;isB.

37、are;is C.are;are C.are;areD.is;isD.is;is 解析解析 题干中题干中The Arabian NightsThe Arabian Nights为书名为书名, ,形形 式上是复数式上是复数, ,但谓语动词要用单数形式但谓语动词要用单数形式; ;如果主如果主 语名词被语名词被 many amany a限定限定, ,从意义上看为复数从意义上看为复数, ,但谓但谓 语动词仍用单数形式。语动词仍用单数形式。D12.The young 12.The young eaten up almost eaten up almost everything;one everythin

38、g;one and a half bananas and a half bananas left left on the table. on the table. A.is;are A.is;areB.are;isB.are;is C.has;have been C.has;have beenD.have;hasD.have;has been been 解析解析 第一空第一空the young the young 意思为意思为“年轻人年轻人”表表 示复数意义示复数意义, ,故谓语动词要用复数形式故谓语动词要用复数形式, ,且用主且用主 动语态动语态; ;第二空第二空“one+andone+an

39、d a half+ a half+复数名词复数名词”, , 常视为单数意义常视为单数意义, ,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式, ,且用被且用被 动结构动结构, ,选项选项B B第一空为被动结构第一空为被动结构, ,不符合句子意不符合句子意 思。思。D13.Either you or one of your students 13.Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow tomorrow. . A.are A

40、.areB.isB.is C.have C.haveD.beD.be 解析解析 考查主谓一致的用法。考查主谓一致的用法。either.or.either.or. 连接两个主语连接两个主语, ,按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。 one of your students one of your students 谓语应用单数形式。谓语应用单数形式。B14.Did you go to the show last night14.Did you go to the show last night？ Yeah.EveryYeah.Every boy and girl in t

41、he area boy and girl in the area invited. invited. A.were A.wereB.haveB.have been been C.has been C.has beenD.wasD.was 解析解析 主语是主语是every boy and girl,every boy and girl,表示单数表示单数 概念概念, ,故谓语动词用单数故谓语动词用单数, ,且询问昨晚的情况且询问昨晚的情况, ,有有 明确的过去时间明确的过去时间, ,所以应选择所以应选择waswas。D15.A survey of the opinions of experts 1

42、5.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor that three hours of outdoor exercise exercise a week a week good for ones good for ones health health. . A.show;are A.show;areB.shows;isB.shows;is C.show;is C.show;isD.shows;areD.shows;are 解析解析 本题考查主谓一致。由本题考查主谓一致。由a surveya survey可知第可

43、知第 一个空用一个空用shows,shows,首先排除首先排除A A、C C两项两项; ;第二个空前第二个空前 的时间状语的时间状语three hours of outdoor exercise three hours of outdoor exercise a week a week表示抽象概念表示抽象概念, ,看作单数看作单数, ,故其谓语动词故其谓语动词 用单数形式。用单数形式。B16.Ten years ago the population of our 16.Ten years ago the population of our village village was was that of theirs. that of theirs. A.as twice large as A.as twice large as B.twice B.twice as large as as large as C.twice as much as C.twice as much as D.as D.as twice much as twice