计算机专业英语ppt

1、 I.Introduction A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备,它能接收一套指令或程序,然后通过执行计算数值数据或通过操纵其他形式的信息来执行这个程序。II. History The fi

2、rst adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, was devised in 1642 by the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher Blaise Pascal This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9. 第一个加法机,数字计算机的先驱,是在1642年由法国科学家,数学家和哲学家Blaise Pascal设计,本装

3、置采用了一系列的十齿轮,每个齿代表一个从0到9的数字。III.Programming A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software. 一个程序是一系列的指令,告诉计算机硬件执行哪些操作数据。程序可以融入

4、到硬件本身,或者他们可能以被称为软件的形式独立存在。IV.Future Developments One continuing trend in computer development is microminiaturization, the effort to compress mo re circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space.microminiaturiza- tion / 5maikrEu7mini-tFErai5zeiF En / n. 微小型化，超小型化 计算机发展的一个持续的趋势是微小型化,努力压缩莫再保险电路元

5、素变成越来越小的芯片空间。Section A Computer HardwareI. Introduction Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storag

6、e. 计算机硬件设备参与功能的计算机并构成的组件,这些组件可以被物理处理。这些组件的功能通常分为三大类:输入、输出和存储。II. Input Hardware Input hardware consists of external devicesthat is, components outside of the computers CPUthat provide information and instructions to the computer. light pen 光笔 stylus / 5stailEs / （复- luses 或 -li / -lai / ）n. 输入笔，光笔 输

7、入硬件由外部设备,也就是计算机cpu的外部组件,提供信息和指令的计算机组成。III. Output Hardware Output hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computers CPU to the computer user. A video display , or screen, converts information generated by the computer into visual information. 输出硬件由从计算机CPU的计算机用户传输信息的外

8、部设备组成。一个视频显示,或屏幕,转换生成的信息转化为视觉信息的计算机。IV. Storage Hardware Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory.drive / draiv / n. 驱动器 存储硬件提供永久存储的信息和由计算机检索的程序。两个主要类型的存储设备是磁盘驱动器和记忆。I. Intr

9、oduction An operating system (OS), in computer science, is the basic software that controls a computer. It has two major functions: it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware. 一个操作系统(OS),在计算机科学中,是最基本的控制电脑的软件。它有三个主要的功能:它调节和操纵计算机硬件。II. How an Os Works Operating systems control different computer

10、 processes, such as running a spreadsheet program or accessing information from the computers memory. All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes simultaneously. 操作系统控制不同的计算机流程,如运行一个电子表格程序或从计算机的内存访问信息。 所有现代操作系统都是多任务可以同时运行多个进程。III. Current Operating Systems The operati

11、ng systems commonly found on personal computers are UNIX, Macintosh OS, MS-DOS, OS2, and Windows. Operating systems are either single-tasking or multitasking. The more primitive single-tasking operating systems can run only one process at a time. 操作系统通常发现在个人电脑是UNIX,Macintosh操作系统,ms - dos,OS2,和窗口。 操作

12、系统或者是单或多任务。更原始的单任务操作系统可以运行在一个时间只有一个进程。IV. Future Technologies Operating systems continue to evolve. A recently developed type of OS called a distributed operating system is designed for a connected, but independent, collection of computers that share resources such as hard drives. 操作系统继续进化。新近开发的类型的操

13、作系统称为分布式操作系统是专为一个连接,但独立、收集的计算机共享资源,如硬盘驱动器。I. Introduction Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a

14、vocabulary, grammar, and syntax . 编程语言,在计算机科学中,是用于编写一系列指令人工语言,可以由一台计算机。类似于自然语言,如英语,编程语言有词汇、语法和句法。II. Language Types Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages are the most basic type of programming languages and can

15、be understood directly by a computer. 编程语言可以分为低级语言和高级语言。低级编程语言是最基本的类型的编程语言,可以直接通过电脑了解。III. Classification of High-Level Languages High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are proced

16、ure-oriented languages. 高级语言通常分为面向过程的、功能的、面向对象的、或逻辑语言。是今天最常见的是面向过程的高级语言。IV. Language Structure and Components Programming languages use specific types of statements, or instructions, to provide functional structure to the program. A statement in a program is a basic sentence that expresses a simple

17、ideaits purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction. 编程语言使用特定类型的语句或指令,提供功能结构的程序。一个语句在程序中是一个基本的句子,表达一个简单的想法，它的目的是给电脑一个基本的指令。I. Introduction A computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination of functions. For the instructions

18、 to be carried out, a computer must execute a program. 计算机程序是一组指令,指导计算机来执行一些处理函数或函数的组合。对于指令，计算机必须执行一个程序。II. Program Development Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of prog

19、ram called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. 软件设计师创建新的程序通过使用特殊的应用程序,通常被称为实用程序或开发项目。一个程序员使用另一种类型的程序称为一个文本编辑器，用一个特殊的符号来编写新的程序称为一种编程语言。III. Program Elements Most programs are built from just a few kinds of steps that are repeated many times in d

20、ifferent contexts and in different combinations throughout the program. 大多数项目都建成仅仅几个类型的步骤重复很多次在不同环境和不同的组合在整个程序。IV. Program Function Modern computers usually store programs on some form of magnetic storage media that can be accessed randomly by the computer, such as the hard drive disk permanently lo

21、cated in the computer, or a portable floppy disk. 现代计算机通常在某种形式的磁存储介质中存储程序,可以随机访问的计算机,如硬盘磁盘永久位于计算机,或一个便携式软盘。I. What Is a Relational Database In todays business world, information technology is in its full bloom Processing data and pumping out information has become the focal point of the modern-day computing environment. 在今天的商业世界中,信