四级英语备考写作技巧讲义

1、四级备考写作四级备考写作Enjoy your learning!主讲教师：李娜主讲教师：李娜 大学英语四级考试分值分布大学英语四级考试分值分布比例题号每题分值*题数总分及格分作文15%7.1*15106.563.9快速阅读10%1-107.1*107142.6听力35%听力客观：11-357.1*25= 177.5248.5149.1听力主观：36-433.55*8=28.4听力主观：44-4614.2*3=42.6阅读理解25%选词填空：47-567.1*10=71177.5106.5阅读理解：57-6610.65*10=106.5完形填空10%67-863.55*207142.6翻译5%8

2、7-917.1*535.521.3英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试作文评分标准 教育部（2006修订版）明确规定写作部分要求考生达到大学英语课程教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技巧。” 英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试作文评分标准 短文写作要求考生在30分钟内根据提纲写出一篇120词以上的短文，本部分的得分占总分的15%，采用总分评分法（Global Scoring），从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。

3、满分为15分，共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分及2分（注：四级作文在试卷总分中占15%，改卷时按照作文总分15分来评改，然后经过处理转化为710分中的作文分数）。各个分数档的标准如下：英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试作文评分标准评分评分依据（依据（1. 主题主题、2. 表达表达、3. 文字文字、4. 语言语言）14分切题切题，表达表达思想清楚，文字文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言语言错误，仅有个别拼写错误。 11分切题切题，表达表达思想清楚，文字文字通顺，但有少量语言语言错误。 8分基本切题切题，有些地方表达表达思想不够清楚，文字文字勉强连贯；语言语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误

4、。 5分基本切题切题，表达表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重错误。 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。0分白卷；文不对题，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。 英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试作文评分标准 备注：备注：阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该档次，则可加分（即9分）或减1分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。 字数不足按下表所示酌情扣分：累计字数90-9980-8970-7960-6950-5949扣分123579一般要求3段只写一段者：04分;只写两段者：09分(

5、指规定三段的作文)英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试作文评分标准英语四级考试历年真题回顾英语四级考试历年真题回顾2010年6月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling2009年12月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：Creating a Green Campus2009年6月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：Free admission to museums2008年12月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags2008年6月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作

6、：The Internet英语四级考试历年真题回顾英语四级考试历年真题回顾2007年12月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：What electives to choose2007年6月英语四级作文欢迎辞欢迎辞：Welcome to our club2006年12月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：On the Spring Festival Gala2006年6月英语四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：students selecting their lecturers2005年12月四级作文议论文写作议论文写作：Should the University Campus Be Open to To

7、urists英语四级考试历年真题回顾英语四级考试历年真题回顾2005年6月四级作文 书信写作书信写作： In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day2005年1月四级作文 演讲稿演讲稿：A Campaign Speech2004年6月四级作文 导游解说词导游解说词：A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2004年1月四级作文 书信写作书信写作：A Letter in Reply to a Friend2003年9月四级作文记叙文记叙文：The Day My Classmate Fell

8、 Ill (or Got Injured)英语四级考试历年真题回顾英语四级考试历年真题回顾2003年6月四级作文 见证书见证书：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident2003年1月四级作文 议论文写作议论文写作：It Pays to Be Honest2002年6月四级作文 图表写作图表写作：Student Use of Computer2002年1月四级作文书信写作书信写作：A Letter to the University President 2001年6月四级作文 书信写作书信写作：A letter to a Schoolmate 考试

9、涉及的范围出题类型 段首句作文段首句作文 段首句作文也称主题句作文或起始句作文。段首句作文除给出题目外，还将文章分成若干段落（多数分为三段），并且给出每一段的第一句或第一句的开头部分，要求续写并完成段落。段首句作文是四（六）级写作中常见的作文题型之一，是一种控制或指导性作文。 出题类型 （1）在每段的段首给出主题句。如下面的作文题： Pleasures in Reading 1. I enjoy reading very much. _.2. In the first place, reading can disperse loneliness. _.3. Furthermore, readi

10、ng can add fullness to my life. _出题类型 提纲式作文提纲式作文 提纲式作文，即给出二、三个汉语或英语提示短语作为写作框架，展开文章的一种作文形式。它也属于指导性作文（guided writing），是四（六）级考试中最常见的作文形式。与段首句作文相比，提纲作文具有更大的控制性，而且给出的材料更明确具体。这种作文题型以提纲的形式对作文的选材范围、立意、内容的组织等进行具体的指导。 出题类型 提纲式作文有两种：（1）给出英文题目、中文提纲提纲式作文多以英文给出题目、以中文给出提纲，有时提纲中还有提示。如1996年6月的四级作文题：Global Shortage o

11、f Fresh WaterGlobal Shortage of Fresh Water1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的。（提示：雨水、河水、井水?）2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（提示：人口增加、工业用水增加、污染?）3. 我们应该怎么办？出题类型 （2）给出英文题目和提纲提纲式作文有时也以英文给出题目和提纲，如下面的作文题：Electronic DictionariesElectronic Dictionaries1. Advantages of electronic dictionaries2. Disadvantages of electronic dictionaries3. My op

12、inion出题类型 图表作文图表作文 图表作文也是四（六）级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。 出题类型Reading Preference of Students in an American Reading Preference of Students in an American University in 2002University in 2002Categories of BooksPerc

13、entage of Books Circulation in the LibraryPopular Fiction65.9%General Nonfiction18.2%Science /Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature /poetry 5.1% 1) 根据上表，简要描述美国某大学学生借阅 图书的分布情况. 2）你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论. 3）你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由.出题类型 书信作文书信作文 书信是重要的交际工具。英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请

14、书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。 出题类型出题类型 20022002年年1 1月大学英语四级作文题目及范文月大学英语四级作文题目及范文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusCantee

15、n Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼有而有之。 1. 信息点全部涵盖 2. 段落清楚，层次清晰 3. 过度自然 4. 拼写、语法正确 5. 多样化句式 6. 书写卷面工整，字迹清楚注意事项注意事项构思技巧 在构思时，可以从如下角度来考虑：在构思时，可以从如下角

16、度来考虑： 人的角度：人的角度：凡事以人为本，人的和谐共处为导向。那些能为人们带来益处的事情总是我们所推崇的，而那些不利于人的事情总是应该为我们所摒弃。考虑人的因素时，可以从身体健康，精神健康，物质财富，精神财富，生活质量，人的发展，人的成长，人的教育等角度展开。 社会的角度：社会的角度：人组成了社会，因此社会将包含人与人的关系及其独特内容。可以从人与人之间的信任与理解，社会的经济发展，社会文明，社会公平与正义，社会的和谐发展，社会法制等方面考虑。构思技巧 环境的角度：环境的角度：人类生存的环境极大的影响了人类的生存质量和发展空间，因此环境为题一直是我们关注的话题。可以从环境污染（空气，水，垃

17、圾等），砍伐森林，噪音，全球温室效应，环境恶化导致的疾病，环境与野生动物的关系，环境与人生存的关系，生态平衡等方面。 能力：能力： 物质能力，如金钱；精神能力，如知识技术 责任：责任： 法律，道德，情感和义务方面责无旁贷的事 权利：权利：人权和产权 意识意识：传统，习惯和文化 后果后果：良性或恶性，于国于民的影响，经贸方面，管理方面，环卫方面和警示作用等 必须改正的语法错误: 1.词性： success n. succeed v. 2.单复数： 3.冠词： 4.时态： 5.代词一致：检查检查例文1（14分）A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

18、 A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction I feel it a great honor to be your tour guide today. First, on behalf of my company, I warmly welcome all my distinguished guests from Australia to visit Shanghai and the Oriental Pearl TV Tower. Located on the Huangpu River, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower

19、is now the symbol of the city. Built in 1994 and opened to the public in 1995, it is now the highest building in Shanghai and the third highest in Asia. The Tower has a quite unique structure and consists of 3 large balls and 5 small balls. Inside the balls, you can have a birds eye view of the city

20、. Our schedule for the trip to the TV Tower is as follows: you have an hour from 9:30-10:30am to experience the history of Shanghai on the first floor. Then well assemble in the middle of the hall at 10:30 and have another hour to overlook at the beautiful city sceneries in the middle ball. Finally

21、please do remember to go to the top ball at 11:30 to enjoy your lunch. Thanks for listening. Have a good time! (184)例文2（11分） A Brief Introduction to a Tourist AttractionA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction Welcome to this beautiful city Hangzhou. Im very honored to be your tour guide to show

22、 you the most charming scenery of the city. Im sure you will never forget the wonderful visit I will lead you to. Now, Im going to give you the introduction of todays schedule. In the morning, we will visit the Lingyin Temple. Its one of the most famous temple in China because of its long history an

23、d good location. After visiting the temple, we plan to have lunch at the restaurant near the West Lake. There, you will have the real traditional Chinese food and enjoy the landscape of West Lake. In the afternoon, we will go to Leifeng Tower which has an romantic Chinese love story which I will tel

24、l you during the visiting. After dinner, I will show you the most well-known scenery-West Lake. You can boating in the lake and enjoy the beautiful views. What do you think of the plan? If you have some advise, please tell me. I will arrange it and give you a most comfortable trip.(179)例文3（8分） A Bri

25、ef Introduction to a Tourist AttractionA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction Welcome everyone come to visit Shanghai. Im the tour guide. Im glad to introduce you the city where I grow up. Now the following is the schedule for the day where we will go. At first, well go to the Shanghai Museum

26、at 9 am. I believe youll like there. You can learn some history of China as you are interest in our country. Secondly, at noon, well go to the Yu Garden and have a rest. You can not only buy something that you like but also have something to eat. The food is so delicious that Im sure that everyone w

27、ill like. At 2 pm well go to the next site which is also the last one today. The last place is Pudong. Youll find the development of Shanghai is fast. And at about 4 pm, it will be end and well go back to the hotel. I hope everyone will have a good time today. If you meet with troubles, you can turn

28、 to me for help at any time.(173)例文4（5分） A Brief Introduction to a Tourist AttractionA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction Hello! Everybody. Welcome to here! Today Im yours guide. I believe we will have a good trip. We will go to the An Ji. An Ji is very beautiful city in Zhe Jiang. I think y

29、ou will be intrest in it. The days plan is so much. First, We will go to the ZhuZhong Yuan at 8:00 am. There have so much and vary of ZhuZi. At 11:30 am, We will eating lunch. And at the afternoon, We will go to the Canglong BaiPu. At 1:00 pm in the mountain, a river still around it. The river so cl

30、ear and cold. We can see some small fish in the river. Walk along the stone road. We will be seeing the view beside of the back to hotel. Later, You can eating the dinner in the hotel. This is the plan of today. Now, Are you have some questions? If have then asked me, And I will give you a perfect a

31、nswer! So I hope and believe that We will have a good trip.(173)例文5（2分）A Brief Introduction to a Tourist AttractionA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction Im very glad to your come to Shanghai, Welcome. we are visit Jin Mao Building today. Jin Mao Building stand Lujiazui Finanent Trade, in Pu D

32、ong. The shopping and eating all above in Lujazui Finanent Trade. Zheng Da Guang Chang, do Fang Ming Zhu etc. Jin Mao Building is 800 miller-higher, Jin Mao Kai Yue Hotel in it. Its the highest for Building in Shanghai. At 88 stairs, We can look all of Shanghai, Jin Mao Building is steel above all,

33、glass above with. Its very clear in the Suny. Some business office in here, so its the famous Finanent Trade in Shanghai. We are visiting Jin Mao Building can introduce peoples living in Shanghai. Im wish your visit happy today.(121) 第六章第六章 议论文写作议论文写作四级议论文写作类型：1.观点对立型：2.现象解释型：3.问题解决型：4.说明利弊型：5.阐述主题型

34、：在四级考试中，我们常常会遇到要我们就两种对立的观点表明自己的态在四级考试中，我们常常会遇到要我们就两种对立的观点表明自己的态度的题目。请大家看看此类题型的几个例子：度的题目。请大家看看此类题型的几个例子：例例1 1：标题：标题：Is Failure a Bad Thing? Is Failure a Bad Thing? （1992, 61992, 6）1. 1. 失败是常有的事失败是常有的事2. 2. 人们对失败有各种不同的态度人们对失败有各种不同的态度3. 3. 我对失败的态度我对失败的态度例例2 2：标题：标题：Can Money Buy Happiness? (1995, 1)Can

35、 Money Buy Happiness? (1995, 1)1. 1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本（有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happinesssource of happiness）2. 2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of all evilroot of all evil）3. 3. 我的看法我的看法例例3 3：标题：标题：Reading Selectively or Extensively? (1999, 6)Reading Selectively or Extensively? (1999, 6)1. 1. 有人认为读书要有选择有人认

36、为读书要有选择2. 2. 有人认为应当博览群书有人认为应当博览群书3. 3. 我的看法我的看法1. 观点对立型观点对立型1. 观点对立型观点对立型 阐述对立观点型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的：1有（些）人认为2也有（些）人认为3我的看法/观点1. 观点对立型观点对立型 观点对立型作文篇章结构第一段：引言（引出讨论的主题（X），提出两种对立的观点（A和B），有时还可略提及支持这两种观点的理由）第二段：正文（表明自己的看法，阐述自己支持某一观点的理由，或/和驳斥自己反对的观点）第三段：结论（总结全文，重申自己的观点）这种篇章结构的重点放在表达自己的观点上，更能充分地阐述自己的观点，使自己的观点更充

37、实、更有说服力。观点对立型议论文的写作套路观点对立型议论文的写作套路1 When it comes to _ _, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that _ _. However, others maintain that _ _. Those people who hold the first opinion believe _ _. In addition, _. However, still others think differently. In their o

38、pinions, _ _. Besides, _. weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. For one thing, _ _. For another, _ _. Considering these, we may reasonably conclude that_ _.引出主题观点A 观点B支持观点A的 理由支持观点B的理由理由一理由二结论 Reading Selectively or Extensively?引言段： When it comes to reading way, there is no compl

39、ete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that reading should be selective. However, others maintain that it does more good to read extensively. 正文段： Those people who hold the first opinion believe reading selectively can save much time and enable them to have enough time to digest

40、 what they have read. In addition, they insist that books of low quality may do harm to the youths who lack enough ability to tell the true from the false. However, still others think differently. In their opinions, students cannot get a general view about the world without extensive reading. Beside

41、s, extensive reading can extend their range of knowledge and broaden their vision.Reading Selectively or Extensively? 结论段：Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. For one thing, as a college student, we should choose those books suitable to our reading level. For another, without se

42、lection, our reading may become aimless and blind, which will be less efficient. Considering these, we may reasonably conclude that college students should read selectively.Reading Selectively or Extensively?观点对立型议论文的写作套路观点对立型议论文的写作套路2Peoples views/ideas/opinions on X vary from person to person. Som

43、e people think that _. They hold this opinion because _. However, others hold/dont believe that _, for _.As to me, I am in favor of the first/ second idea. The following are the reasons of/for my choice/personal inclination. First, while it is true that _, it doesnt mean that _. Second, _. Furthermo

44、re, _.Therefore/In conclusion/From the foregoing, _. 引出主题观点A 支持观点A的 理由观点B支持观点B的理由我的观点理由一理由二理由三结论 观点对立型议论文的写作套路观点对立型议论文的写作套路3When asked about X, different people will offer different opinions. Some people say/think/believe/take it for granted that _, while others hold that _.As far as I am concerned,

45、 I agree with the first/second view. The reasons are as follows. First, there is an element of truth that _, but it doesnt follow that _. Therefore, the first view doesnt hold water/can not bear much analysis/can not stand up to close examination.In conclusion, _. 引出主题 观点A观点B我的观点略提反对的观点的正确性批驳反对的观点小结

46、：指出反对的观点经不起分析/检结论2. 现象解释型现象解释型 说明现象类作文 一般是需要考生描述所给提纲中反应出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。 例如：例1：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为 例2：题目：Bicycle An Important Means Bicycle An Important Means of Transport in Chinaof Transpo

47、rt in China (1991, 1) 1. 为什么自行车在中国这样普及 2. 和汽车的比较3. 自行车在中国的前途例3：题目：The World Is Getting SmallerThe World Is Getting Smaller (1994, 1)1. 现代化的交通工具越来越发达2. 人与人之间的交往越来越频繁3. 结论2. 现象解释型现象解释型 现象解释型作文的篇章结构现象解释型作文的篇章结构 篇章结构篇章结构1 1引言段：概述 (简要描述某一现象X或某一观点X。) 正文段：具体阐述 (具体阐述引起这种现象X的原因） 结论段：个人评价。(对现象X或者观点X进行评价。) （预测

48、X的前途/前景） 2. 现象解释型现象解释型现象解释型篇章写作套路现象解释型篇章写作套路1 1 In recent years there has been a growing tendency in_X_. I think it is not an occasional phenomenon. A number of factors might contribute to (account for) the phenomenon. Part of the explanations for it is that _. For example, _. _is also responsible f

49、or the problem, such a case as _. The significance of X_is far-reaching; it might exert a profound influence on _.指出X的现状指出导致这一现状或看法的原因 原因一例1原因二例2对X的看法对X的前景预测 范文范文Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English stu

50、dy. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers. There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it be

51、cause they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words. Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add

52、some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spell

53、ing. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement. 说明现象型作文的篇章结构说明现象型作文的篇章结构 篇章结构篇章结构2 2第一段：引言（指出自己喜欢/选择的X是什么）第二段：说明X的内容或特点/优点第三段：我喜欢/选择X的理由2. 现象解释型现象解释型说明现象型作文的写作套路说明现象型作文的写作套路2Among , my favorite (ideal) X is (are) _.The unique features (advantages) may contrib

54、ute to (be responsible for) the reason why _.Firstly, _. Secondly, _. Finally/Above all, _.There are many factors/reasons which may account for my preference/choice of X. The most important reason/factor is that _. Besides, _.Therefore/From the foregoing/the above discussion, _. 指出我喜欢/选择的X是什么指出X的特点/

55、优点 特点/优点一特点/优点二特点/优点三说明我喜欢/ 选择X的理由理由一理由二 结论：重申我喜欢/选择X的合理性或对X的前景进行预测 生活中我们常常要解决这样或那样的问题，四级考试也有不少作文题要求我们就如何解决某一些困难或问题发表自己的看法。下面，我们具体地来看一看这些例子：例1：题目：How I Overcame My Difficulties in English LearningHow I Overcame My Difficulties in English Learning (1992, 6)1. 你在英语学习中有哪些困难？ 2. 你是如何克服这些困难的？例2：题目：Global

56、 Shortage of Fresh WaterGlobal Shortage of Fresh Water (1996,6)1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增长、工业用水增加、污染）3. 我们应该怎么办3. 问题解决型问题解决型3. 问题解决型问题解决型 例3：题目：Getting to Know the World Outside the Getting to Know the World Outside the CampusCampus (1997,6)1. 大学生了解社会的必要性 2. 了解社会的途径（大众媒体、社会服务等

57、）3. 我打算怎么做 例4：题目：How I Finance My College EducationHow I Finance My College Education (2000,1)1. 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过各种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由） 例5：题目：How to Succeed in a Job InterviewHow to Succeed in a Job Interview? (2001,1)1. 面试在求职过程中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止、谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是 问题解决型作文的篇章结构问题解决型

58、作文的篇章结构1 1：对于问题解决型的作文可采用下列篇章结构：第一段：引言（指出需要解决的问题或遇到的困难）第二段：提出解决问题/困难的各种途径第三段：结论（说明哪种途径适合于我及其原因） 问题解决型作文的写作套路问题解决型作文的写作套路1Nowadays/With _, we/many people/students are facing/have to face (the problem of) _. There are several different ways/ channels to tackle/solve the problem. First, _. Second, _. Be

59、sides/Furthermore, _. As to me, I prefer/choose to _. The reasons are as follows. For one thing, _. For another, _. And above all/Most important of all, _.(11) Therefore, _.指出需解决的问题 指出问题有多种解决途径途径一途径二途径三表明哪种途径适合我列举理由理由一理由二理由三(11)重申自己的选择的合理性 问题解决型作文的篇章结构问题解决型作文的篇章结构2 2对于问题解决型的作文也可采用下列篇章结构第一段：引言（指出出现的问

60、题或提出一种错误的观念）第二段：说明出现这一问题的原因或指出这一观念错误的原因第三段：提出解决问题的各种途径，表达我对问题能被妥善解决的信心或预测采取这些措施后的结果。 Nowadays _, which has aroused close social attention/great concern. It is widely assumed that _, they think _ because _. Actually/In fact/As a matter of fact, _.There are several/many factors that / which may contri