北邮数电综合实验迷宫.

1、简易迷宫设计北京邮电大学理学院2014级数字电路与数字逻辑设计实验报告简易迷宫游戏 班级：2014214104学号：2014212788班内序号：17姓名：林玉立2016/6/10 目录设计课题2系统设计4设计思路4总体框图4分块介绍7仿真波形9源程序11功能说明29资源利用情况29故障及问题分析30总结和结论30设计课题简易迷宫设计设计并实现一个简易迷宫游戏机。基本要求：1、用 8×8 点阵进行游戏显示。2、迷宫游戏如图 1 所示，采用双色点阵显示，其中红色LED 为迷宫墙壁，绿色LED表示人物。通过BTN0BTN3 四个按键控制迷宫中的人物进行上下左右移动，使人物从起始点出发，走

2、到迷宫的出口，游戏结束。3、普通计时模式：通过按键BTN7 启动游戏，必须在30 秒内找到出口，否则游戏失败，用两个数码管进行倒计时显示。游戏胜利或者失败均要在8×8 点阵上有相应的画面出现。4、迷宫中的人物在行走过程中，如果碰到墙壁，保持原地不动。提高要求：1、多种迷宫地图可以选择。2、在计时的基础上增加计步的功能，每按一次控制按键步数加1，碰壁不计算步数，计步结果用数码管显示。3、为游戏增加提示音乐，在不同时间段采用不同频率的信号控制蜂鸣器发声报警。4、增加其他游戏模式。5、自拟其它功能。系统设计§1.设计思路程序采用分模块设计的思路，将具体任务分解成为不同的功能模块，

3、利用component编写，再通过主程序通过port map语句调用连接。主程序中包括各个子元件的定义及连接语句，子程序分别为分频器模块、防抖模块、点阵显示模块、迷宫人物坐标控制模块、倒计时控制模块、数码管选择模块和数码管显示模块。§2.总体框图(1) 顶层框图 数码管显示 点阵显示迷宫控制器 复位按键 启动开关 方向按键(2) 对外接口迷宫控制器 out_catclk_in out_segstart out_rowresetround out_redmove_l move_rmove_u move_d out_green(3) 逻辑划分框图数码管 数码管选择seg7 点阵 数码管显

4、示catrow red,greensech,secl count坐标及显示控制器30s倒计时控制out_state clk_out1(点阵扫描) startclk_out3(1Hz) 时钟 防抖 分频器 reset k_l,r,u,d clk_out2(控制) clk_out4(200Hz) clk_in方向按键复位按键(4)ASM图reset=1stuck=0 andm_l/r/u/d=1 成功移动start=1/reset=1win=1开始reset=1stuck=0 and m_l/r/u/d=1 stuck=1 stuck=1 or time_up=1m_l/r/u/d=0失败不动re

5、set=1 time_up=1 stuck=1/m_l/r/u/d=0reset=1(5)控制器逻辑流程图显示开始界面GO 是否开始？N 是否复位？YY 选关1？显示迷宫1YN显示迷宫2N 左移？ 左移YN 右移？ 右移Y N 上移？ 上移YN 下移？ 下移YN N 成功？ 时间到？ 碰壁？NN 成功 失败YY§3.分块介绍(1) 分频器component fenpin -divide the frequency to the wantedport(clk_in:in std_logic;clk_out1:out std_logic;clk_out2:out std_logic;cl

6、k_out3:out std_logic;clk_out4:out std_logic);end component;输入时钟为50MHz，通过分频输出10KHz（用于点阵扫描），10Hz（用于点阵控制），1Hz（用来计数），200Hz（用于防抖设计）。(2) 迷宫控制器component control -logically control the labyrinthineport(round:in std_logic;clk_1:in std_logic;p_rst:in std_logic;p_start:in std_logic;m_left,m_right,m_up,m_down:i

7、n std_logic;out_state:out std_logic;out_y_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);out_x_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);end component;通过按键输入的高低电平来控制迷宫点阵。当选关拨码开关为低电平时，执行迷宫地图，复位按键重置初始坐标，当各个方向按键为高电平时，判断那些坐标的下一位置是墙壁，通过if语句是坐标点位于当前位置不移动，反之则向规定方向移动一步。当坐标位于出口时，胜利输出状态为1。(3) 点阵显示控制器component show_control -cont

8、rol the sweep of rectangleport(clk_2:in std_logic;s_start:in std_logic;round:in std_logic;s_reset:in std_logic;time_up:in std_logic;win:in std_logic;x_g:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);y_g:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);row:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);red:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);green

9、:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);end component;当开始拨码开关为低电平时，点阵显示游戏初始界面GO；为高电平时，根据选关开关状态，显示迷宫1或2。当time_up=1时，游戏失败，显示破碎的心；当time_up=0时，游戏正常进行。（由计时器提供）当状态win=1时，显示完整的心；当win=0时，游戏正常进行。（由迷宫控制器提供）为保证点阵亮度一致，选择行扫描，通过向量row中某路选通（即电平为1），显示该行点阵，并由高频时钟信号扫描，产生视觉停留效果，得到点阵显示。(4) 计时器component led_control -control th

10、e countdownport(res:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;win:in std_logic;clk_in:in std_logic;state_out:out std_logic;sec_outl:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);sec_outh:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);end component;由一个从0到30的变量计数，初始值为30，每当遇到1Hz的时钟上升沿时，计数器减一，直到计数器减为0，使失败状态为1，或到输入胜利状态为1，停止计时。由sec_outl，sec_

11、outh将时间的高低位分开，以便与分别控制两个数码管，显示倒计时。(5) 数码管选择器component led_select -select data in digital blinkingport(sech,secl:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);clk_select:in std_logic;q:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);dataout:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); end component;30s计时的高低位分别对应不同的cat管脚，使相邻的两个数码管显示对应数字，并将计数

12、值提供给数码管显示器。(6) 数码管控制器component led -segment decoderport(count:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);seg7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);end component;不同的计数值对应不同数码管管脚的高低电平，是数码管显示正确的数字。(7) 防抖component shake_prv is -shake prevention port(clk : in std_logic;btn_in : in std_logic;btn_out : out std_logic);end

13、 component;通过低频时钟信号（200Hz）将判断按键按下的时间延长以达到防抖的效果。仿真波形开始界面（GO）start=1，依次行扫描row，点阵红色显示GO。失败界面（破碎的心）time_up=1，依次行扫描row，点阵红色显示broken heart。成功界面（完整的心）win=1，依次行扫描row，点阵红色显示heart。行走受阻：下行遇障，stuck为高电平。源程序主程序：library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity moon_maze isport(clk_in

14、:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;reset:in std_logic;round:in std_logic;-stuck:out std_logic;move_l,move_r,move_u,move_d:in std_logic;out_cat:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);out_seg:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);out_row:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);out_red:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);out

15、_green:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);end;architecture struct of moon_maze is component fenpin -divide the frequency to the wantedport(clk_in:in std_logic;clk_out1:out std_logic;clk_out2:out std_logic;clk_out3:out std_logic;clk_out4:out std_logic);end component;component shake_prv is -shake preven

16、tion port(clk : in std_logic;btn_in : in std_logic;btn_out : out std_logic);end component;component control -logically control the labyrinthineport(round:in std_logic;clk_1:in std_logic;p_rst:in std_logic;p_start:in std_logic;m_left,m_right,m_up,m_down:in std_logic;out_state:out std_logic;-out_stuck

17、:out std_logic;out_y_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);out_x_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);end component;component show_control -control the sweep of rectangleport(clk_2:in std_logic;s_start:in std_logic;round:in std_logic;s_reset:in std_logic;time_up:in std_logic;win:in std_logic;x_g:in std_l

18、ogic_vector(3 downto 0);y_g:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);row:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);red:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);green:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);end component;component led_control -control the countdownport(res:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;win:in std_logic;clk_in:in s

19、td_logic;state_out:out std_logic;sec_outl:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);sec_outh:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);end component;component led_select -select data in digital blinkingport(sech,secl:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);clk_select:in std_logic;q:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);dataout:ou

20、t std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); end component;component led -segment decoderport(count:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);seg7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);end component;signal temp_win:std_logic;signal temp_lose:std_logic;signal clk_temp1:std_logic;signal clk_temp2:std_logic;signal clk_temp3:std_l

21、ogic;signal clk_temp4:std_logic;signal data_templ:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal data_temph:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal data_out:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal x_temp:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal y_temp:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal k_l,k_r,k_u,k_d:std_logic;beginu0:fe

22、npin port map(clk_in=>clk_in,clk_out1=>clk_temp1,clk_out2=>clk_temp2,clk_out3=>clk_temp3,clk_out4=>clk_temp4);u1:shake_prv port map(clk_temp4,move_l,k_l);u2:shake_prv port map(clk_temp4,move_r,k_r);u3:shake_prv port map(clk_temp4,move_u,k_u);u4:shake_prv port map(clk_temp4,move_d,k_d)

23、;u5:control port map(round=>round,clk_1=>clk_temp2,p_rst=>reset,p_start=>start,m_left=>k_l,m_right=>k_r,m_up=>k_u,m_down=>k_d,out_state=>temp_win,out_x_g=>x_temp,out_y_g=>y_temp);u6:show_control port map(clk_2=>clk_temp1,s_reset=>reset,s_start=>start,round=&

24、gt;round,time_up=>temp_lose,win=>temp_win,x_g=>x_temp,y_g=>y_temp,row=>out_row,red=>out_red,green=>out_green);u7:led_control port map(res=>reset,start=>start,win=>temp_win,clk_in=>clk_temp3,state_out=>temp_lose,sec_outl=>data_templ,sec_outh=>data_temph);u8:l

25、ed_select port map(clk_select=>clk_temp1,secl=>data_templ,sech=>data_temph,q=>out_cat,dataout=>data_out);u9:led port map(count=>data_out,seg7=>out_seg);end;分频器：library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity fenpin isport(clk_in:in std_logic;clk_o

26、ut1:out std_logic;-rectangle and digital sweepclk_out2:out std_logic;-button sweepclk_out3:out std_logic;-second counterclk_out4:out std_logic);-shake_preventionend;architecture behave of fenpin issignal cnt1:integer range 0 to 2499;signal cnt2:integer range 0 to 499;signal cnt3:integer range 0 to 4

27、9;signal cnt4:integer range 0 to 25; signal clk_temp1:std_logic;signal clk_temp2:std_logic;signal clk_temp3:std_logic;signal clk_temp4:std_logic;beginp1:process(clk_in)-10KHzbeginif clk_in'event and clk_in='1' thenif cnt1=2499 thenclk_temp1<=not clk_temp1;cnt1<=0; elsecnt1<=cnt1

28、+1;end if;end if;end process p1;clk_out1<=clk_temp1;p2:process(clk_temp1)-10Hzbeginif clk_temp1'event and clk_temp1='1'thenif cnt2=499 thenclk_temp2<=not clk_temp2;cnt2<=0;elsecnt2<=cnt2+1;end if;end if;end process p2;clk_out2<=clk_temp2;p3:process(clk_temp2)-1Hzbeginif cl

29、k_temp2'event and clk_temp2='1'thenif cnt3=6 thenclk_temp3<=not clk_temp3;cnt3<=0;elsecnt3<=cnt3+1;end if;end if;end process p3;clk_out3<=clk_temp3;p4:process(clk_temp1)-200Hzbeginif clk_temp1'event and clk_temp1='1'thenif cnt4=24 thenclk_temp4<=not clk_temp4;c

30、nt4<=0;elsecnt4<=cnt4+1;end if;end if;end process p4;clk_out4<=clk_temp4;end behave;迷宫控制器:library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity control isport(round:in std_logic;clk_1:in std_logic;p_rst:in std_logic;p_start:in std_logic;m_left,m_right,m_up,m_down:i

31、n std_logic;out_state:out std_logic;-out_stuck:out std_logic;out_y_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);out_x_g:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);end;architecture behave of control issignal win_temp:std_logic;-signal stuck_temp:std_logic;signal k_l,k_r,k_u,k_d:std_logic;signal x_t:std_logic_vector(3 do

32、wnto 0);signal y_t:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal x:integer range 0 to 7;signal y:integer range 0 to 7;beginp1:process(x,y)-x,y send to translatorbegincase x iswhen 0 =>x_t<="0000"when 1 =>x_t<="0001"when 2 =>x_t<="0010"when 3 =>x_t<="0

33、011"when 4 =>x_t<="0100"when 5 =>x_t<="0101"when 6 =>x_t<="0110"when 7 =>x_t<="0111"end case;case y iswhen 0 =>y_t<="0000"when 1 =>y_t<="0001"when 2 =>y_t<="0010"when 3 =>y_t<=&

34、quot;0011"when 4 =>y_t<="0100"when 5 =>y_t<="0101"when 6 =>y_t<="0110"when 7 =>y_t<="0111"end case;end process p1;out_x_g<=x_t;out_y_g<=y_t;p2:process(m_left,m_right,m_up,m_down)begink_l<=m_left;k_r<=m_right;k_u<=m_u

35、p;k_d<=m_down;end process p2;p3:process(round,clk_1,p_rst,p_start,k_l,k_r,k_u,k_d)beginif(round='0') and (p_rst='1')thenx<=7;y<=6;-stuck_temp<='0'elsif(round='0') and (p_start='0')thenx<=7;y<=6;-stuck_temp<='0'elseif (round='0&

36、#39;)and(clk_1'event and clk_1='1')thenif(k_l='1')thenif(y=6)and(x=7)or(x=2)or(x=1)or(y=5)and(x=4)or(x=3)or(y=1)and(x=6)or(x=5)or(x=4)or(x=3)thenx<=x-1;elsex<=x;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k_r='1')thenif(y=6)and(x=6)or(x=1)or(y=5)and(x=3)or(x=2)or(y=

37、1)and(x=2)or(x=5)or(x=4)or(x=3)thenx<=x+1;elsex<=x;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k_u='1')thenif(x=2)and(y=1)or(y=2)or(y=3)or(y=4)or(y=5)or(x=4)and(y=3)or(y=4)or(x=6)and(y=1)or(y=2)or(y=3)or(y=4)or(y=5)theny<=y+1;elsey<=y;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k

38、_d='1')thenif(x=2)and(y=6)or(y=2)or(y=3)or(y=4)or(y=5)or(x=4)and(y=5)or(y=4)or(x=6)and(y=6)or(y=2)or(y=3)or(y=4)or(y=5)theny<=y-1;elsey<=y;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;end if;end if;if (round='1') and (p_rst='1')thenx<=7;y<=1;-stuck_temp<='0'

39、;elsif(round='1') and (p_start='0')thenx<=7;y<=1;-stuck_temp<='0'elseif (round='1') and (clk_1'event and clk_1='1')thenif(k_l='1')thenif(y=6)and(x=6)or(x=5)or(x=4)or(y=4)and(x=3)or(x=2)or(x=1)or(y=3)and(x=6)or(y=1)and(x=7)or(x=0)or(x=6)or(

40、x=1)or(x=2)or(x=3)or(x=4)or(x=5)thenx<=x-1;-(x=6)or(x=1)or(x=2)or(x=3)or(x=4)or(x=5)elsex<=x;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k_r='1')thenif(y=6)and(x=3)or(x=5)or(x=4)or(y=4)and(x=0)or(x=2)or(x=1)or(y=3)and(x=5)or(y=1)and(x=1)or(x=0)or(x=6)or(x=7)or(x=2)or(x=3)or(x=4)or(x=5)

41、thenx<=x+1;elsex<=x;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k_u='1')thenif(x=1)and(y=4)or(y=5)or(x=3)and(y=5)or(y=4)or(x=5)and(y=1)or(y=2)or(x=6)and(y=3)or(y=4)or(y=5)theny<=y+1;elsey<=y;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;if(k_d='1')thenif(x=1)and(y=6)or(y=5)or(

42、x=3)and(y=5)or(y=6)or(x=5)and(y=3)or(y=2)or(x=6)and(y=6)or(y=4)or(y=5)theny<=y-1;elsey<=y;-stuck_temp<='1'end if;end if;end if;end if;end process p3;-out_stuck<=stuck_temp;p4:process(x,y,round)beginif(round='0') thenif(x=0 and y=6)thenwin_temp<='1'else win_temp

43、<='0'end if;elseif(x=0 and y=4)thenwin_temp<='1'else win_temp<='0'end if;end if;end process p4;out_state<=win_temp;end;点阵显示控制器:library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity show_control isport(clk_2:in std_logic;s_start:in std_log

44、ic;round:in std_logic;s_reset:in std_logic;time_up:in std_logic;win:in std_logic;x_g:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);y_g:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);row:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);red:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);green:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);end;architecture struct of show_co

45、ntrol issignal temp_clk:std_logic;signal count:integer range 0 to 2;signal count_sweep:integer range 0 to 8;signal out_row:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal out_r:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal out_g:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);beginp1:process(clk_2)beginif(clk_2'event and clk_2='1&#

46、39;)thenif count=2 thencount<=0;temp_clk<=not temp_clk;elsecount<=count+1;end if;end if;end process p1;p2:process(temp_clk,s_start) -sweep countbeginif(temp_clk'event and temp_clk='1')thenif count_sweep=8 thencount_sweep<=0;elsecount_sweep<=count_sweep+1;end if;end if;end

47、process p2;p3:process(clk_2,count_sweep,s_reset,s_start,win,x_g,y_g,round)beginif s_reset='1' thenout_row<="11111111"elseif(clk_2'event and clk_2='1')thenif(s_start='0')then -startcase count_sweep is-GOwhen 0=>out_row<="01111111"out_r<=&quo

48、t;00000000"out_g<="00000000"when 1=>out_row<="10111111"out_r<="11101110"out_g<="11101110"when 2=>out_row<="11011111"out_r<="10100001"out_g<="10100001"when 3=>out_row<="11101111"out_r

49、<="10100001"out_g<="10100001"when 4=>out_row<="11110111"out_r<="10101101"out_g<="10101101"when 5=>out_row<="11111011"out_r<="10101001"out_g<="10101001"when 6=>out_row<="11111101&q

50、uot;out_r<="11101110"out_g<="11101110"when 7=>out_row<="11111110"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"when others=>out_row<="11111111"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"end case;elseif(time_up=&

51、#39;1')then -losecase count_sweep is -broken heartwhen 7=>out_row<="01111111"out_r<="01000010"out_g<="00000000"when 6=>out_row<="10111111"out_r<="11100111"out_g<="00000000"when 5=>out_row<="11011111&qu

52、ot;out_r<="11100111"out_g<="00000000"when 4=>out_row<="11101111"out_r<="11100111"out_g<="00000000"when 3=>out_row<="11110111"out_r<="01100110"out_g<="00000000"when 2=>out_row<="11

53、111011"out_r<="00100100"out_g<="00000000"when 1=>out_row<="11111101"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"when 0=>out_row<="11111110"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"when others=>out_ro

54、w<="11111111"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"end case;elseif(win='1')then -successcase count_sweep is -heartwhen 7=>out_row<="01111111"out_r<="00100010"out_g<="00000000"when 6=>out_row<="10111111&qu

55、ot;out_r<="01110111"out_g<="00000000"when 5=>out_row<="11011111"out_r<="01111111"out_g<="00000000"when 4=>out_row<="11101111"out_r<="01111111"out_g<="00000000"when 3=>out_row<="11

56、110111"out_r<="00111110"out_g<="00000000"when 2=>out_row<="11111011"out_r<="00011100"out_g<="00000000"when 1=>out_row<="11111101"out_r<="00001000"out_g<="00000000"when 0=>out_row<="11111110"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"when others=>out_row<="11111111"out_r<="00000000"out_g<="00000000"end case;elseif(round='0') thencas