膜分离工程-第七章-纳滤

1、会计学1膜分离工程膜分离工程-第七章第七章-纳滤纳滤溶 质RONF单价离子(Na+，K+，Cl-，NO3-)989990细菌、病毒9999微溶质(Mw100)9050微溶质(Mw100)090050纳滤的特点高价态的离子截留率明显高于一价离子，对于阴离子的截留率由大到小的顺序为：碳酸根硫酸根氢氧根氯离子硝酸根；阳离子的同样顺序为：铜离子钙离子镁离子钾离子钠离子氢离子膜对离子的截留效应受离子半径的影响。纳滤膜的制备方法纳滤膜的应用表表1 1纳滤膜对水中矿物质的去除效果纳滤膜对水中矿物质的去除效果优质水产优质水产量量(t/h)(t/h)电导率电导率(s/cm)(s/cm)总溶解性固体总溶解性固体(

2、mg/L)(mg/L)原水原水优质水优质水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水优质水优质水去除率去除率(%)(%)1 1249249100.4100.459.659.612512550.250.259.859.81 168068037037045.645.633833818518545.345.31 169269236136148.048.034634618018047.947.91 168368336236246.946.934234218118147.047.01 153653630630642.942.926826815315342.942.90.50.568468433633650.850

3、.833533516816849.849.81 11002100257257242.942.950050028628642.842.81 182082040240250.950.941041020120151.051.01 111611641.241.264.564.5585820.620.664.564.51.51.528628610110164.664.6143143505065.065.01 13483481.41.470.170.1174174525270.170.11 141541513413467.767.720820867.067.067.867.8纳滤膜对总硬度的去除率比其对阳

4、离子的去除率波动更大，从54%95%不等。对同一组水样，纳滤膜对总硬度、钙离子、镁离子的去除率基本相同，且明显大于其对铵离子的去除率。研究还发现，同样条件下，纳滤膜对总硬度的去除率大于其对阳离子的去除率，这可能源于纳滤膜对二价离子(Ca2+、Mg2+)的去除率大于对一价离子(如铵离子)的去除率。 表表2 2纳滤膜对水中总硬度及钙、镁、铵离子的去除效果纳滤膜对水中总硬度及钙、镁、铵离子的去除效果优质优质水产水产量量(t/h)(t/h)总硬度总硬度(CaCO(CaCO3 3 mg/L)mg/L)钙离子钙离子(mg/L)(mg/L)镁离子镁离子(mg/L)(mg/L)铵离子铵离子( (以氮计，以氮计

5、，mg/L)mg/L)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)预处理预处理出水出水去除率去除率(%)(%)1.51.569.669.671.471.419.519.569.069.05.05.077.877.80.420.4226.226.20.50.5190.2190.263.563.543.943.964.964.919.619.661.761.70.820.8251.251.21 1217.4217.461.261.259.359.360.760.715.015.057.557.50.440.4470.970.91 1148.014

6、8.094.994.941.341.395.495.410.910.993.893.80.260.2680.780.71 1208.0208.054.054.054.854.849.349.317.317.363.063.00.600.6026.626.61 1172.4172.481.681.654.054.081.981.99.19.180.280.20.370.3751.451.41 1202.4202.480.580.546.546.580.680.621.821.881.281.21.921.9242.742.71 1144.3144.358.558.539.839.856.556.510.510.560.960.91.881.8850.050.0行行 业业处理对象处理对象行行 业业处理对象处理对象制药工业制药工业母液中有效成分的回收母液中有效成分的回收抗菌素的分离纯化抗菌素的分离纯化维生素的分离纯化维生素的分离纯化氨基酸的脱盐与纯化氨基酸的脱盐与纯化化工行业化工行业酸碱纯化、回收酸碱纯化、回收电镀液中铜的回收电镀液中铜的回收食品工业食品工业脱盐与浓缩脱盐与浓缩苛性碱回收苛性