英语名词和主谓一致总结归纳

1、学习必备欢迎下载2013 高考英语考点语法单选超级归纳二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义She held some flowers in her hand.花儿The trees are now in flower开花Youth is beautiful.青春He is a youth of twenty年轻人They have achieved remarkable success in their work.成功 How about the Christm

2、as evening party?成功的事I should say it was a success.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意 义Iron is a kind of metal.铁Please lend me your iron.熨斗He broke a piece of glass.玻璃He broke a glass.玻璃杯I bought a chicken this morning小鸡Please help yourself to some chicken鸡肉抽象名词与个体名词的转换 I dlike_information aboutthe management of you

3、r不可数名词物名词性个体名抽象名抽象名个体名抽象名个体名名词性物质名个体名物质名个体名个体名物质名具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如： have 等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名hotel,please.Well, you could have_wordwith the manager. He mightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a They sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the Could we haveword

4、 before you go to the meeting?话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步 )/make an early start( 早点出发 )/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain( 发出痛苦的叫声 ) /give a try Many people agree that_knowledge of E

5、nglish is a must in_international trade today.学习必备欢迎下载词时可以用来表示其中的一部分抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰A.a,/B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth( 知道实际情况 )give a fuller knowledge of China( 提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand( 有速记的知识 ) If there were no examinatio

6、n, we should have_at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise She looked upwhen I shouted

7、.A.inasurpriseB.in thesurpriseC.insurpriseD.in some surprise其它例子： The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise It is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式， 一般在单数形式后

8、面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书） 。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mo2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compa4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数 （成audie

9、nce, class, family, crowd, couple, group, com员）population, crew, team, public, enemy, partycustoms( 海关 ), forces( 军队 ), times( 时代 ),spirits(6复数形式表示特别含义sands(沙滩 ), papers(文件报纸 ), manners( 礼貌 ), look智力 ), greens(青菜 ), ruins(废墟 )加 -sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Eu7表示“某国人”单复数同形Swiss,

10、 Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以 -man或 -woman结尾的改为Englishmen, Frenchwomen-men,-women将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy fr8合成名词无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致规则情况举例学习必备欢迎下载以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语， 动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用

11、单数形式； 主语为复数时， 谓语动词用复数形式。语由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数法主 语 前 如 果 分 别 有 no, each, every 或 more than a(an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数名词和由 some, anyno, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.一在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, whi

12、ch等作主语时，其致谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致原如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式则由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the restof/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数 +名词构成的短语作主语时， 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致His father is working on the farm.To study English wel

13、l is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every

14、 student and every teach is in the classroMany a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book.Is everyonSomebody is speaking in class.Everything若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America. Those w

15、ho want to go please write their name He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is work It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the fiel

16、d.His family has moved to the south .( 他的一家His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor. （四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 50 percent of the students in our class are gir

17、l 此外，还有 a number of + 复数名词有类似的the number of + 复数名词的数就得依 numbe A number of students have gone to the farm pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hunThere comes the bus.On the waSuch is the result.Such areBetween the two hills stands a monument.学习必备欢迎下载What, who, which, any, more, all 等

18、代词可以是单数， 也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。逻辑表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整意体。若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动义词通常用单数形式。表数量的短语“ one and a half ”后面接复数名词作主语时，一其谓语动词要用单数形式。一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics致以及 news, works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，原它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。trousers, glasses, cloth

19、es, shoes, scissors (剪刀 )等词作主语则时，谓语用复数， 但如果这些名词前有 a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（ clothes 被 a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。“定冠词 the+形容词或分词” ，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。当 两 个 主 语 由 either or, neither nor, notonlybutalso ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,就即就近一致。近there be 句型中 be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果/ 远 其后是由 and 连接的两个主语， 则应与靠近

20、的那个主语保一 持一致，即就近一致。致原主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as,则no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with,including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Which is your bag?Which areAre any of you good at English?Has any oAll can be done has been done.All is goiAll have been taken out.All have gThirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用Forty kilos of water are used every day.The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights ”is an interesting story-boOne and a half apples is left on the table.The paper