动名词、动词不定式、分词作定语区别

1、动词的不定式分词 .动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式 , 分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的 , 但在句子中都不能作谓语 , 故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时, 要用动词不定式。如:My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.To study English well is very important.在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时, 二者可以

2、互换。如:To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语1. 动名词作定语时 , 和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系 , 只表示被修饰名词的一般用途 , 必须位于名词之前。如 :There is a swimming pool in our school.2. 现在分词作定语时 , 和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 , 表示所修饰名词的特征。如 :Listen to the singing bird.W

3、ho is the boy running towards us。3. 动词不定式作定语时 , 当所修饰的名词指人时 , 和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如 :He is always the first to come to school.当所修饰的名词指物时, 和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:I have a meeting to attend.如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 需加上相应的介词。如:I have no room to live in.There is nothing for me to worry about.三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语

4、补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 表示动作已经发生, 动作的全过程已经结束。如:I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times ( 动作的全过程已经结束 )现在分词作宾语补足语时, 表示动作正在进行。如:I heard him knocking at the door.(=I heardhe was knockingat thedoor.( 动作正在进行 )过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:I found the glass broken.(= I found the g

5、lass was broken.)注意 : 动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 在动词 make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch,observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to 。如 :I hear him play.The teacher made him do the exercises again.help 后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to 可加可不加。如 :He often helps me to study English in his spare time.当这些动词变为被动语态时, 原不定式必须加上to 。如 :He w

6、as seen to repair the machine.四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语1. 下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语 : hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise 等。如 :He has promised to lend me the dictionary.2. 下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind,escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑 ), give up, can't help等。如 :He wan

7、ts to give up smoking.They practise speaking English every day.3. 在动词 remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时, 意义上有所差别。如:He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语不定式作状语通常表示或"原因" 等。如 :"目的 "或"程度 "分词作状语通常表示" 伴随情况" 。"时间 "He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的 )The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴随情况)六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构不定式的复合结构:for sb.(not) to do