初中英语被动语态专题

1、精品文库中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析【命题趋势 】被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一，考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动，考察题型主要是选择题，词汇应用和翻译句子等，预计 2019 年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动，动词填空，完成句子等为主考点。【概念讲解 】语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用被，受，给等词来表示被动意义 , 英语里的被字句就叫被动。被动语态由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成。Eg:He wro

2、te the letter. （主动语态）The letter was written by him. （被动语态）被动语态的时态变化只变be 的形式， be 后面的过去分词不变， 也就是说被动结构中助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化【主动语态变被动的方法 】1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加 be 作为被动里的谓语3. 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的 by 短语。（ by 短语可省略，欢迎下载精品文库by后的代词用宾格）【主动变被动解题步骤 】1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 - 即 be 动词的单复数3. 判断动词的时态 - 即 be

3、 动词的时态 .4. 修改谓语的形式 - 即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 - 即 by+（原主语 /代词则用宾格） .Eg: Theymakeshoesinthat factory.Shoesare madeby them主变宾 ,宾变主 , 谓动 be done时不变 ,人称、数、格随着变小试牛刀 ：（ 2018 宁夏模拟） teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _todrive a car.Aare allowedB is allowedC will be allowedDallow【被动的几种句式 】肯定句：主 be +

4、过去分词 (by )否定句：主语 be not 过去分词 (by )一般疑问句： Be 主语过去分词 (by )?特殊疑问句： 疑问词 (5W1H) be主语过去分词(by ) ？小试牛刀：（2018 宁夏预测卷） English is widely used around the world试.(变成以上几种句式 )欢迎下载精品文库【考点归纳： 】1、五种常考基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时）和带情态动词的被动语态用法。 一般现在时： am is are 及物动词的过去分词 Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself.Footbal

5、lisplayedallovertheworld 一般过去时： was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg:The house was built in 1988His leg was broken in the car accident . 一般将来时： will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词Eg：More factories will be built in the future. 现在完成时： have/has been +过去分词Eg :We have been learn t English for 15 years.Luxun s book has been tra

6、nslated into many languages. . 带情态动词的被动语态 : “情态动词 + be +过去分词”构成 。Eg: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成 , 即 can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1. We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.2. They should do it at once.

7、 It should be done at once.【主变被的特殊情况 】1. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态欢迎下载精品文库即 feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch ,see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to ，但变被动句时必须加to.Eg:He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.( 他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时 ) The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday .2.Moth

8、er never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法：英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语， 如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make,sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow 等，即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语，指人的宾语前要用介词 for 或 to 。常见的接

9、双宾语的动词有:to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, handfor: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语（人）前必须加to 或 for.Eg：he gave me a book.I was given a book by him.欢迎下载精品文库A book was given to me by him.3. 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，才可以接宾

10、语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时， 不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.常见动词短语的被动语态take care ofbe taken care ofcut downbe cut downlaugh atbe laughed atlook afterbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybe covered with用覆盖着be interested in对感兴趣be surprised at对感到惊奇be made of（from ）用制造的【常见被动句式 】在汉语中，有一类句子不需要出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：1.据说I

11、t is saidthat 2.据报导 Itisreportedthat3.据推测 Itissupposed that欢迎下载精品文库4.希望 Itishoped that 5.众所周知 Itiswell known that6. 普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsidered that 7.有人建议Itissuggestedthat8.Itis( was) agreed( believed/decided/hoped/thought. ）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.9 It is( was) taken for granted that.被视为当然10.It mus

12、t be remembered that.务必记住 .11. It mustn t be forgotten that.千万别忘记 .12.It is( was) said( reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说 ( 报道、听说、告知、建议.)例句：1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented theelectriclamp.【典型例题 】（）1 The Olympic Games _every four

13、 years.A are heldB were heldC are holdingD will ho1d（）2. In the art show ，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friendsby the Chinese paintings欢迎下载精品文库A is givingB is givenC will giveD has given（） 3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It_in. many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teach

14、ingC. has taughtD. is taught（）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as"People's Writer".A. is regardedB. has regardedC. is regardingD. regards（）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet.A. useB. are usingC. are usedD. used（）6. -Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our

15、 classroom _every day.A. cleanB. cleansC.iscleaned（）7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一 YesIn fact，it _.That's all because of the people and the factories aroundA pollutedB was pollutedChas欢迎下载精品文库pollutedDwas po11ute（）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before.-You

16、9;re right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people havedone more and more useful things to protect(保护 )the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was startedC.has started（） 9. -Ifeel very happy that I _to be the host.-Congratulations!A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosenD.haven chosen（）10. Many trees and flow

17、ers _ in our school lastyear，and they made our school a beautiful gardenA plantB plantedC have plantedDwere planted（）11. Some famous paintings _in the hall nextweek.A. will showB. were shownC.isshownD. will be shown（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week

18、.欢迎下载精品文库A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives（）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _these days.A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive inChina.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allow

19、ed（）15. Do you often clean your classroom?Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned三、课后练习（）1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready tostart. I m sorry, but I _ when to meet.A. don t tellB. didn t tellC.haven ttoldD. wasn t told（）2Many old houses around our sch

20、ool _ next year and欢迎下载精品文库a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. willpulldownD. are pulled down（）3- My watch _.- Don t worry. Let s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is brokenC. hasfoundD. has stopped（）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party?-No, I_.A. am not invitedB.

21、 wasn t invitedC.haven tinvitedD. didn t invite（）5 - How often _ your school sports meeting_?- Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC.is; heldD. did; hold（）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty ( 明朝 )_ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A. sellB. soldC.issoldD. was sold（）7The &qu

22、ot;Thousand- hand Guanyin" _ by many people欢迎下载精品文库as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.A. has been regardedB. are regardedC.hasregardedD. regards（）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.Yes, they _ in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC.werepaintedD. had p

23、ainted（）9-Dont litterthe ground, boy ,Look at the sign:“ Rubbishinto the dustbin.”-Sorry.A, has throwB,was throwC,must throwD, must be thrown（）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008A will holdB will be heldChold（）11. The girl was often heardhappilyin herroom.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings

24、（） 12. Itisreported that more new teaching buildings_ in our school in the next term.A. willbebuiltB. was builtC. has builtD. will build欢迎下载精品文库（） 13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings_ in our school in the next term.A. willbe builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）14. The sick bo

25、y _ to hospital by the policeyesterday.A.is takenB.was takenC. takesD. took（ ）15. -It s difficult for the village children to cross the riverfor school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. should be built（）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching

26、it.-But it _ off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, hasturnedC. if, has been turnedD. because, hasturned（） 17. Usually Johnto school in his father s欢迎下载精品文库beautiful car.A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD. has been taken（）18. Dont put off today works for tomor

27、row. I mean,today s work _ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be doneD. must be done（）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was buildingB. was builtC. has built D.isbuilt（）20. Don t discuss the problems with your partner unlessyou _ to do so.A. askB. are as

28、kedC.willaskD. will be ask欢迎下载精品文库一般现在时1A 。解析 考查被动语态， 根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案 B 。解析 本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment 是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。 ”3答案 D 。解析 考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案 A 。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态， 表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案 C 。解析 从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以

29、用被动语态，故选 C。6. 答案 C。解析 考查被动语态物作主语， 一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。一般过去时1答案 B 。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案 B 。 解析 从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。 ”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为 was started故选 B。3. We _into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer

30、 them up. 太原市 A. dividedB. are dividedC.were divided3答案 C。解析 本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"We did manythings”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C5D一般将来过去欢迎下载精品文库1答案 D 。解析 本题综合考查时态和语态。 主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语， 所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以 D 项正确。2B答案 B答案： D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词 +be

31、+过去分词。答案为 C。句中有 every day，主语为 our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案 D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去， I 和 tell 之间是被动关系。2答案 B 解析：由题干时间 next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是 old houses 应,用被动语态。故选 B。3答案 A 解析：由 Let s go to the Lost & Found可.知，说明表丢失了。故选4答案 B 解析：由 Did you go to Sam s weekend 可party?知陈述过去的动作的发生， I 和 invite 之间存在着被动关系。故选 B。5答案 C 解析： How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次 ”。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干 your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选 C。6答案 D 解析：由 On