英国文学简史刘炳善著河南人民出版社笔记part4

1、Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolutionChaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise2 the clashes between the king and parliament3 the outburst of the English revolution:4 the split with the revolution camp5 the bourge

2、ois dictatorship and the restoration6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:Also called the puritan revolution.Puritanism is the religious doctrine7 literature of the revolution periodChapter 2John Milton 约翰咨尔尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家；失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）CCEpics:Paradise Lost失乐园：written in blank vers

3、eIn the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Milton's belife in the powers of man.The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.Paradise Regained复乐园 Dramatic poem: Samson 入9。川$七£力

4、力士参孙：A poetical drama. Areopagitica 论出版自 由 ：as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revulotion struggles.The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 ：as the spokesman of the revolution. On His Blindness 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentam

5、eter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.Milton:1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greates

6、t English revolutionary poet in 17 th century2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4 he is a

7、 great stylist, grand style.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Chapter 3John Bunyan 约 H 础扬 16281688（代表作大路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为具有永恒意义的百科全书 ”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人） Religionary Allegory: <The Pilgrim ' s Progress路历程Chapter 4metaphysical poets

8、and Cavalier poetsBesides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers whose works express quite different ideas and sentiments. They are called metapysicals by Samuel Johnson1 John Donnethe Metaphysical poet（玄学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄学诗）：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,（ 形

9、式）the form is frequently an argument with the poet' s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>2 George HerbertThe

10、saint of the metaphysical schoolSing the glory of GodAltar3 Andrew MarvellA puritanTo his coy mistress4 Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw:Two religios poetsCapter 5 some prose-writersRobert Burton:Masterpiece: the Anatomy of MelancholyThomas Browme:Religio MediciJeremy Taylor:Holy LivingHoly DyingIz

11、aak Walton:The Compleat AngkerChapter 6 Restoration literature1 restoration comedy:The restoration comedy is notorious for its licentiousness, being full of love intrigue, and seduction and promiscurity Jhon DrydenAll For LoveAbsalom and AchitophelEnglish literature of the Restoration period was mod

12、elled on the literature of France where classicism was then prevailing. According to classicism, drama and prose should all be controlled by some fixed rules.Part 4 the 18th centuryA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyThe Age of Enlighten

13、ment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18 th century)小说崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel 现实主义小说)Gothic no

14、vel (哥特式小说):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Chapter 1 the enlightenment and classicism in English literature1 the enlightenment and 18th century England "Glorious Revolution"Industrial Revolution©the enlightenment in Europe: an expression of struggle of

15、 the bourgeoisie against feudalism血he English Enlighteners2 classicism:The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writing

16、s.But the basic difference between Dryden and the 18 th century enlighteners lies in the fact that the former wrote to please the declining aristocracy during the Restoration period while latter wrote for the rising bourgeoisie to tidy up the capitalist social order.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1 Ste

17、ele and The TatlerRichard Steele:The Christian Hero (a pamphlet)The Tatler (a paper)The pectator(in conjunction with Addison)Theatre2 Joseph AddisonThe Campaign (a poem)Cato (tragedy)Sum up Addison's and Steele's contribution to the English literature:CCtheir writings afford a new code of so

18、cial morality for the rising bourgeosie hey give a true picture of the social life of Engish in 18 th centuryn the hands of them, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern E

19、nglish novel.Chapter 2 Alexander Pope业历山大对柏 16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用英雄双韵体"/ 'heroic couplets ”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. <An Essay on Criticism批评论 a diactic poemArtistic features:I.Using heroic couplets” <The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记 <Moral

20、 Essays道德论<Essay on Man> 人论<The Dunciad愚人记 poemPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. Frequently writing in the form of heroic coupletsChapter 4 Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特 16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master

21、 satirist。） <Gulliver ' s Trav>格歹U佛游记（fictional work）Four parts:Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 <The Battle of Books书战 <A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 < The Drapper' s Letter个麻布商的书信His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a

22、 master satirist, and his irony id deadly.Chapter 5Daniel Defoe丹尼尔抓福 16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. <Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It p

23、raise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, strug

24、gles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie. <Moll Flanders <Colonel Jacque < Captain singletonHe was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.Chapter 6Samuel RichrardsonPamelaClariss

25、aChapter 7Henry Fielding 亨利 件尔丁 17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为英国小说之父”。）He is called "Father of English novel ” . He was the first to write a "Comic epic in prose ”（散文体 史诗），and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆？琼斯<The

26、 History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫 汝德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生 减尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事<Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国He was a novelist, dramatist, essayist, political pamphleteer.He develope his narrative in th

27、e fullest,freest, clearest and most straightforard manner, and also affords him opportunities of giving, at suitable places, personal explanations.Satire abounds eberywhere in his works. Humorous satire and a kind of grim satireHe believed in the educational function of the novel.He is a master of s

28、tyle. His style id easy, unlaboured and familiar,but extremely vivid and vigorous.Sympathy for the working people, contempt for the parasites, the exploiters and the oppressorsChapter 8Smollett and SterneTobias Smollett:Roderick Random（a picaresque novel）Pererine PickleHunphry ClinkerLaurence Sterne

29、Tristram ShandyA Sentimental JourneyChapter 918th century drama and SheridanThe english drama of the 18 th doesn't reach the same high level as its novel. One reason: the LicensingAct of 1737Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德？W林斯利 祕莱登 17511816 <The Rivals情敌 <The School for Scandal造谣学校Chapter 9 S

30、amuel Johnson塞缪尔？勺翩逊 17091784Lexicographer, critic and poetDictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language 英语大词典James Boswell:Life of london(a classic of English biography)Chapter 11Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗？格尔德斯密斯 17301774 poems:<The Traveller> 旅游人<The Deserted Village> 荒村Both written in he

31、roic couplet,consisting of two iambic pentameter lines linked by rhyme. novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传 comdies:The Good Natured ManShe stoops to Conqueressay:The Citizen of the WorldChapter 12Edward GibbonEssay on the Study of literatureThe Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireChapter 1

32、3sentimentalism and pre-romanticism in poetry1 sentimentalism in English poetryThe representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism, but they sensed at the same time the contradictions in the process of capitalist development.The appearance and development of sentimentalism poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite romantic