新课标高考英语语法专题复习重要

1、语法专题专题一 冠词I、重点难点解析 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，1. 冠词的位置 考点 示例1suchwhatmanyratherquite + a (n)+形容词+单数可数名词quite a small house2howhoweversotooasthatthis十形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词so nice a girl3 bothallhalftwicedouble + the +名词twice the size of th

2、e room4 half a (n）或a half + 单数可数名词Half an houra half hour2.不定冠词 考点 示例 1 表示泛指，与any同义 A square has four sides 2 表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈 He will be back in a week 3 表示“相同的”，与the same同义 Birds of a feather flock together 4 表示“每一个”，与every，each，per同义 I visit my father once a month 5 表示“某一”，与a certain同

3、义 A Mr Smith is waiting to see you 6 表示“像似的”，与one like同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class 7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、 一份、一场”等 We had a heavy rain last night8 用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化 You are a great help to your mother3. 定冠词考点示例 1特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 There l met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a lot. /

4、Do you know the man standing by the window?2用于单数名词前，指一类事物The lion is a wild animal.3用于乐器名称前the violin / the piano 4用于世界上独一无二的事物前the sun/ the earth/ the world 5与某些形容词连用表示一类人the rich / the young / the aged 6在字数词和最高级前the first one to come to schoolthe best student in our class7在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸

5、的地名中The Changjiang River / the West Lake / the English Channel8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前play (the) pianothe Brownsin the 1920s/9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民.the Chinese / the English 10用在一些习惯用语中in the morning / the day after tomorrow / the day before yesterday / the next year4. 零冠词 考点 示例1专用名词和不可数名词前China, America

6、, Grade One, Class Two2名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any 等Go down this street.3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时We are students./ I like reading stories.4成对名词连用时 day after dayface to face5在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前play basketballplay chesslike physics. speak Englishat lunch6在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假日、星期等名词前Autumn is the best seas

7、on in Beijing.in MayNew Years DayOn Sunday7在某些习惯用语中的名词前At noonby busby telephone/ in bed, in time / go to bed / go to college5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。1. in front of 在（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在（内）的前面 Theres a garden in front of the classroom. Theres a blackboard in the fr

8、ont of the classroom. 2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日间 ;

9、 by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替 When did this conversation take place? Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England. 6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之 Please express your thou

10、ght in words. In a word, I dont trust you. 7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. Pass me the bricks two at a time. 8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点 Hurry up, theres little time left. Dont hurry, you still have a little time. 9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个 He is a man o

11、f few words. Only a few of the children can read. 10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. This is the most interesting story of the three. 11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. A

12、 doctor and a nurse are standing there. 12.A number of 许多；好些 ; the number of （的）数目 A number of students are in the classroom. The number of students in the classroom is forty. II、实战演练（一）用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“”.1.-Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? -Sorry, wrong number. There isn't_ Mr. Smith here.2. I

13、know you don't like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday?3. - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. - You shouldn't put drinks near _ computer.4. Of all _ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father

14、9;s advice was _ most important one.5. According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _ spread of AIDS. 6. For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living. 7. I think it really _ honor for me to speak here. 8. This lab used to be in _ charge of

15、Mr. Wang.9 I know there is _ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on _ business.10 He devotes most of his time to _ football. And I am sure he promises _ excellent footballer. 11 Dont lose heart. Please have _ second try.12 Those who are rich should help _ poor.13 When stealing the thief was caught by

16、_ arm by a policeman.14 In some factories workers get paid by _ piece.15 It is a bad habit to go to work without _ breakfast.16 John is _ university student from _ European country.17 Teachers play _ active and important part in building up students character.18 _ Zhangs live on the second floor.19

17、Cotton is grown in _ north of China.20 It is known to us all that _ light travels faster than _ sound.21 A tower is seen in _ distance.22In case of fire please press _ red button.23 Shenzhen has _ population of more than 10 million.24_ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.25A bul

18、let hit the solider and he was wounded in _ leg.26He loved writing and his first novel was _ great success when it came out.27 My brother was born in _ spring of 1990.28 Mr. Smith is _ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _ better voice.3

19、0 Beijing is _ second largest city in China.31 My trip to Tibet was really _ unforgettable experience.32 This watch is _ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.（二） 语法填空在括号中填入适当的冠词There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of pea

20、ce. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw

21、this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.B

22、ut when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture. 答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3

23、the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23 a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 anII 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the专题二 名词I、重点难点解析名词的高考命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考

24、命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。一 名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher, student, piano功能集体名词family, committee, people名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语不可数名词物质名词wood, water, steel抽象名词friendship, progress专有名词John, Smit

25、h, Beijing名词所有格一般由名词右上方+s；以s结尾的名词单复数只加“”表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格如：Womens Day, an hours walk,students reading-room, todays paper 介词of名词无生命的东西的名词所有格如：a map of China, the top of the mountain可数名词的复数规则变化1.一般词后+sdays, boys, Americans2.s, x, sh, ch结尾+esbuses,dishes;(stomachs除外)3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+esbabies

26、, factories4.以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v+esleaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,safes除外)5.以o结尾，有生命+es，无生命+sheroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos, bamboos)除外6.数字的复数+s或 “s”in the 1930s/1930s不规则变化1改变词中元音字母woman-women, goose-geeseman-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth2形式复数，意义单数news,maths,politics, economics

27、等3单复同形means,deer,sheep,fish,works(工厂),species, Chinese等4其它child-children, bacterium-bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等二 名词其他需要注意的几点：1 名词的数1） 复合名词变为复数的规则 有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2） 集体名词的数 有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。 注意：people意为

28、“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。 有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。 有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：classfamily，couple，audience，government，public等。 The whole family are watching TV now全家人现在都在看电视。 His family is a big one他家是个大家族。3） 只能用复数形式的名词 由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，s

29、cales，compasses等。 4） the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs5） 具有双重特性的名词 (1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词 a room房间一room空间 a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉 an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意 (2)单、复数意思不同的名词 arm手臂一arms武器 brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关 force力量一forces军队 regard注意,关心一regards问候 time时间一times时代 wor

30、k工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪 content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件 expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林2 名词的所有格1） 表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加s；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要+s”。如Li and Mas room李和马共有的房间; Lis and Mas rooms李和马各自的房间2） 表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li

31、s李家，the doctors诊所；the barbers理发店3） 所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：China's prosperity中国的繁荣 the country's plan国家计划4） of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如：a story of a famous doctor一个名医的故事the son of the man you iust talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子5） 双重所有格 “of +名词的s所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾语必须是人，而且是特指。如

32、： an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友 a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧 some houses of my grandfather's我爷爷的一些房子3 名词作定语1） 一般用单数形式。如：country music乡村音乐 shoe shops鞋店 traffic lights交通灯 注意：sports，customs，arms，clothes，sales, goods作定语时，要用复数形式。如： sports meeting运动会 customs officiers海关官员 arms produ

33、ction武器生产 2） man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：men doctors男医生 women teachers女老师II、实战演练一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：1. There are fifty-six _ (people) in China.2. We need much _ (room) for all the furniture.3. This kind of dress was popular in the _ (1980)4. _ (girl) students and _ (woman) teachers are in the majority in

34、 our school.5. There used to be a lot of milu _ (deer) in China.6. These are art _ (work) of the Tang Dynasty.7. _ (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.8. We can see many _ (editor-in-chief) present at the conference.9. I had my hair cut short at the _ (barber) nearby yeste

35、rday.10. On the whole, he was a _ (fail) in his life.11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise .12. Now more and more people prefer to have a _ at home-a little dog, a cat or some other animals.13. My parents always let me have my own _ of living.14. We vol

36、unteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake.15. We all know that _ speak louder than words.答案： 1. peoples2. room3. 1980s/1980s 4. Girl, women5. deer6 works7.Childrens 8. editors-in-chief9. barbers 10. failure11. lack12. pet 13. way14.victims 15. actions二 语法填空Charles Pink was a young 1

37、(Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought 3 plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).One day about thirty 5 (yearly

38、) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. B

39、elow him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .答案：1. Canadian 2. parties 3. a 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10. them三、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Do some FL (Fore

40、ign Language) reading every day and try to finish one FL book at least every week. You are no doubt 21 with little spare time, and this may sound unrealistic. But if you read in the 22 described, it is perfectly possible. The key is to be honest with yourself about 23 you really enjoy: thrillers, wo

41、men's magazines, newspapers-it really doesn't matter what you read as 24 as it genuinely interests you, because that is the only certain way to make yourself read. It is 25 to reach good speeds by practising on material that is difficult or dull. If you pursue this program for only few month

42、s, you should achieve a very marked increase in your reading 26 . What you do with your FL reading skill when you have developed it is to study for a further qualification. The 27 is that in order to develop the 28 , a great deal of practice on easy interesting materials is essential. If you can 29

43、this to yourself by developing your own reading skill by this method, your teaching will carry the certainty that comes only from 30 .21. A. bored B. helpless C. free D. busy22. A. key B. problem C. way D. job23. A. which B. when C. whoD. what24. A. much B. good C. longD. well25. A. impossible B. po

44、ssible C. necessaryD. easy26. A. efficiency B. effects C. methodD. capacity27. A. question B. point C. ideaD. problem28. A. habit B. idea C. skill D. task29. A. realize B. tell C. improveD. prove30. A. work B. experience C. theoryD. doing21-30 DCDCA ABCDB专题三 代词I、重点难点解析 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

45、英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。代词类别例 词功 能人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they只做主语宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them做及物动词或介词的宾语物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their只做定语名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs做主语、宾语、表语反身代词myself, yourse

46、lf, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves做宾语、同位语、表语指示代词this, that, these, those做主语、宾语、定语、表语相互代词each other, one another做宾语疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose, etc.引出疑问句关系代词that, who, whom, whose, etc.连接定语从句不定代词some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, ever

47、ybody, etc.视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、宾语等下面举例说明，其中疑问代词见“句子种类”，关系代词见“定语从句”。一 人称代词的用法1 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English.2 在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? Its me. 但有时用主格。 If I were she, I wouldt go there. It was I who told him about it.二 物主代词的用法1形容词性物主代词只作定语： This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.2名词性物主代词

48、所作成分例句1作主语This is her coat. Mine is over there.2宾语Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ?3表语This book isnt mine; its Toms. 说明： 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如： Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。 “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如： Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party

49、. 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。三 反身代词所作成分例句1宾语动宾Tom taught himself Chinese.介宾She loves me for myself, not for my money.2表语She is not quite herself today. （be oneself: 身心自在）3同位语I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs.四 指示代词的用法1.时空的差别 e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is th

50、at one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？2. This 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。E.g. I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.3.that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。 The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those

51、 made here.4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你.五 不定代词的用法可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可数much, (a) little可数不可数none, any, other, all, some 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing 1none, no one, nothing 的用法区别1）non

52、e 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如： How many people are there in the room now ? None. Who is in the room ? No one / nobody 2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone /

53、 everyone / no one 却不能。2. each 和every 1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：The tickets each cost ten dollars.这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）2) every 还可表示“每的；每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。every year or two 每一两年every now and then 时常every other day 每隔一天Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车3. another, other, the oth