英语构词法【四六级英语单词】

1、构词法1. 表示否定意义的前缀：un-:unable, unemployment, unload, uncover, unhappy, untrue, unlike, unrest, unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual, uncertain, unclear，unequal, unlucky, unreal, unkind, uncomfortable, uneasy, uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, undivided, unfriendly, unwelcome, unfortun

2、ate, unreal, uncomfortable, unclear unreserved, unbind 解放，解开 unlock 开锁, unpack 开包, unbutton 解开纽扣的, uncondictional 无条件的, unmanned 无人的, unambitious 无野心的, unfathered 私生, unofficial 非官方的, uncorrected 未修正的dis-: dislike , disarm, disconnect, disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability, discov

3、er , disobey , discontinue中断, disorder 混乱, disproof 反证, discomfort 不舒服, disorganize 瓦解, disroot 根除, disrobe 脱, dishearten 使失去信心, disburden 解除负担, dismember 解体, dispart 分离，裂开, dissever 分裂，切断in-, im-, il-, ir-: incapable, inability, incomplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, illegal

4、, immoral , illogical , irregular, irrelative， illiterate 文盲, illimitable 无限, irregular 不规则的 irresistible 不可抵抗的, irremovable 无法移动的 irrelative 无关系的, irrational 不合理的，无理性的 irresolute 犹豫不决的non-: non-smoker, non-stop, non-violent , nonwhite, non-member, nonparty , nonsense， nonfiction 非小说类文学作品， nonmetal

5、非金属， nonage 未成年， nonwhite 非白, nonsmoker 不抽烟的人 nonaligned 不结盟的, noneffective 无效的 nonpayment 无力支付, nonsexual 无性别的 nonreader 无阅读能力的人mis-: mistake, mislead , misunderstanding, misuse, mis-spell, mistrust, mistreat, misrule (施)暴证, misstep 失足 mispolicy 失策anti-: antiknock 防震, antiforeign排外的, anti-war, anti

6、-pollutiona 防污染 , antipathy 反感, antiageing 防衰老的, antifreeze 防冻-less: countless, stainless不锈的, wireless, useless, endless, Priceless 无价的，贵重的, hopelessjobless 失业的 tireless 不倦的, countless 数不清的2. 表示方位，程度的前缀：a- 表示“上”，：aboard, asidede- 表示“下”：decrease 下降, degrade 贬低, devalue 贬值, depress 压低，压下en- 表示“在内

7、，进入”：encage入笼, enbed上床ex- 表示“外部，外”：exit, expand扩张, export出口, exclusive 不包括.的 expose 揭露, exclude 排外，排斥ex- 表示“前”： ex-president 前任总统, ex-chancellor 前任大学校长, ex-wife 前妻fore- 表示“前”：forehead, foreleg, forefoot，foreground前景, forecast 预测foreword 前言，序言， foreknow 先知foretime 以往，过去， forefather 前人，祖先forerun 先驱ste

8、p-表示“后”：stepfather 继父 stepchild 前夫或前妻的孩子 stepbrother 异父(母)兄弟sub-表示“下”：subway 地铁， substandard 标准以下的sub-zero 零度以下的submarine 水下的、潜水subnormal 低于正常的subsoil 底土、下层土subcollege 准大学程度的super-表示程度“超级”：superspeed 超高速的， supersized 超大型的 supersecrecy 绝密， supernatural 超自然的 superprofit 超额利润trans-表示“超出”：transnational

9、超越国界的transcontinental 横穿大陆的transpersonal 超越个人的transfrontier 在国境外的trans- 表示“移”：translate, transform转移, transplant移植, transportation交通, transform 改变.之外形transvest 换穿异性衣服, transmigrate 移居transplant 移植, transship 转船transport 运输, translate 翻译in-, im-，ir-表示“内”：inland, inside, indoor(s), import，immigrate 移民

10、， impolite 无礼的immoral 不道德的, impassive 冷漠的， impure 不纯的, impersonal 非个人的imbalance 不平衡的, ingress 入侵imprison 入狱, imbibe 吸收immerge 浸入，没入,irruption 侵入，irrigate 灌溉inter- 表示“在间，相互”： international, interaction, internet, interview， intercontinental 洲际的，interchange 交换 interview 接见, intercourse 交往，交流 interconn

11、ect 使相互连接, intermarry 通婚，out- 表示“外”：outline, outside, outward(s), outdoor(s)，outburst 爆发, outdoor 户外的out-party 在野党, outwork 户外工作outtell 说出, outbreak 突发over- 表示“上”：overlook, overhead, overboard, overcoat, overdress, oversea(s)(海外), overstudy 用功过度, overwork 过度劳累overload 超负荷, overtalk 过分多言overpraise 过奖

12、, overuse 使用过度overdrink 饮酒过量, overproduction 生产过剩overleap 越过, overshoe 套鞋overlook 俯瞰post- 表示“后”：postwar, postgraduate研究生, postscript附言pre- 表示“前”：preheat, prewar, prebattle, prepay prehistory史前, preview预习 prefix前缀, preface前言, preposition介词 preschool 幼儿园、学龄前的, prepay 预付prebuilt 预制的, preheat 预热predeter

13、mine 预定、预算Extra-超出: extraofficial 职权以外的， extraordinary 格外的， extra-special 特别优秀的， extralegal 法律权力以外的under- 表示“下”：underline, underground, underwater, undersize小码数, underproduction生产不足up- 表示“上”：upward(s), uphold, uphill上坡auto- 表示“自己”：automobile自动车, autobiography自传tele- 表示“远离”：television, telephone , te

14、legram电报, telegraph电报, telescope望远镜mid- 表示“中”：midnight, midsummer, mid-autumn, middleman中间人re- 表示“重新”： rewrite, reconsider, reuse, remarry, recycle回收利用, retreat 撤退 retell复述, renew续借, return 归回，收回recall 召回、回忆, reflect 反射、反省regress 倒退、退化, reclaim 要求归还、回收rebound 弹回, reprint 重印、再版reproduction 繁殖、复制, rea

15、rm 重新武装reaction 反应、反作用, reverse 相反的resist 反抗、抵抗by- “副”：byproduct副产品, bywork副业over- 表示“过度，”： overeat吃过多, oversleep睡过头, overpraise过奖, overact行为过分vice- 表示“副”：vice-president, vice -chairman3.表示循环的动作：circu-: circulate 流通, circumnavigate 环球航行, circumspect考虑周到的4. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀：co-：co-operate, co-worker, coe

16、ducation男女同校 coactions合作行动, coauthor合作作者， coexist共同生存 5. 表示某种状态，构成形容词、副词或动词：a- : afraid, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, aloud, ahead, aside, alike, awake6. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀：a- 表示“分离，离开”： away, apartde- 表示“离去，处去”： depart, decolour7. 表示“自我”：self- :self-protect(ion), self-made, self-knowledge8.表示学说：-gy: so

17、ciology 社会学, ecology 生态学, methodology 方法论9.表示“新”：neo-: neorealism 新现实主义, neonatal 新生的、初生 neogamist 新婚者10.表示感情：-hood: childhood 儿童期, brotherhood 手足之情 bachelorhood 独身生活11. 表示变换词类作用的前缀：be-: befriend, befog 使迷糊, befit适宜, belittle 贬低, bcalm使镇静, befool 欺骗, intensify 强化，加强 purify 净化, clarify 澄清en- :enslave

18、, enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage12.表示感情:-ship: opartnership 合作伙伴 fellowship 交情，伙伴关系11. 表示数量关系的前缀：a. 表示“单一”，“一”：uni-: uniform统一服装, unicellular单细胞，unilateral 单方面的， unify 使统一b. 表示“二，两，双”：bi-: bicycletwi-: twilightc. 表示“半，一半”：semi-: semiconductor半导体, semicircle半圆, semimonthly半月刊, semifinal半决赛， semif

19、inal 半决赛 semi-colony 半殖民地d. 表示“百，百分之一”： centi-: centimetere. 表示“千，千分之一”：kilo-: kilometer, kilogram, kilowattf. 表示“微小”：micro-: microvolt（微伏特）, microcomputer（微机）, microscope（显微镜）g. 表示“许多，复，多数”：multi-: multimedia（多媒体）, multicolored, multiformh. 表示“千分之一、毫”： milli-: millimeter, milligrami. 表示“微小、微型”：mini

20、-: minibus, miniskirt, miniparki. 表示“多”：multi-:multiparty 多党的multi-purpose 多种用途的multilingual 使用多种语言的multiracial 多民族的10. 具有某种职业或动作的人：-an, -ian, -ician: American, Asian, Australian, Russian, Italian , historian, librarian, electrician, magician魔术师, technician, musician, politician政客, physician内科医生，-ee

21、: employee雇员, examinee, payee收款人, interviewee-eer: engineer, volunteer志愿者）-er: banker, observer, villager singer, driver, writer, speaker, traveller, buyer -or: author, doctor, operator, actor, visitor, inventor, educator-ar, -ary: scholar, liar, beggar, secretary, missionary-ese: Chinese, Japanese,

22、 Cantonese广东人-ess: actress女演员, hostess女主人, manageress女经理-ist: pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, socialist, typist, receptionist-icist: physicist, phoneticist语音学家, technicist-logist: biologist, geologist（地质学家）11. 构成具有抽象名词的含义：-age: courage, storage, marriage, percentage， reportage 报告文学, pa

23、rentage 出身，门第-al: refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval, trial, burial， proposal -ance, -ence: importance, distance, avoidance, appearance, performance, diligence, difference, obedience, absence, presence, existence-ancy, -ency: frequency, urgency, efficiency-ity: purity, reality, equality， f

24、easibility 可行的-bility: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility-dom: freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry: bravery, slavery-hood: childhood, girlhood, boyhood, manhood-ice: notice, justice, service-ing: building, writing, learning-ion, -ation, -ition, -sion: direction, correction, collection,

25、instruction, indication 指示 perfection 完美无缺-ment: requirement, treatment, astonishment, judgment, punishment, argument, -ness: goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness, business, illness, happiness, goodness, willingness, weakness, fairness-ism: socialism, criticism, heroism, tourism, communism共产主

26、义 , Marxism马克思主义 adventurism 冒险主义-ship: hardship, relationship, membership, friendship, seamanship, ownership, -th: strength, length, width, depth, wealth, truth, growth, warmth, youth-ure: exposure, pressure, failure, procedure手续, mixture，culture 培养, failure 失败 , closure 圈地-craft: aircraft, needlec

27、raft, woodcraft-age: village, cottage-ary: library, granary 谷仓-ory: factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatorydish: childish 幼, bookish 书生气, devilish 魔鬼似12. 形容词后缀：-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonable, applicable, visible, responsible, terrible, horrible，rea

28、dable 可读(认)的 adaptable 可适应的-al: natural, additional, educational, national-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent-ing: moving, touching, daring, interesting, exciting, disappointing , astonishing, boring, amazing-ed: pleased, interested, surprised, worried, excited, bored, determined, delighted-is

29、h: foolish, bookish, selfish-ive: active, impressive, decisive, active, instructive, expensive, progressive, instructive 有教育意义的 offensive 进攻性的, constructive 建设性的-ish: boyish, childish-like: manlike, childlike-some: troublesome, handsome， burdensome 累赘的，沉重的 troublesome 麻烦的, laboursome 费力的-y: milky, cloudy , sunny, windy, rainy, foggy, healthy, wealthy, worthy, bloody, funny, dirty, lucky, noisy, salty, smelly, hilly， clumsy 笨拙的 tricky 狡猾, hairy 毛茸茸的-ly: manly, fatherly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, friendly, lonely, orderly, lovely, lively, l