非谓语动词写作中的运用

1、非谓语动词、非谓语动词作状语1动词不定式作状语 I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 2021 山东高考由于感到 累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 2021 山东高考 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，

2、我是多么快乐。 This machine is very easy to operate . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 2021 辽宁高考 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。规律总结 1 动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 2 only to do sth. 为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 3形容词或过去分词作表语时， 后面可接不定式作原因状语。 常见词有： happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed,

3、 angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right 等。 4 在“ 主语系动词表语 形容词 to do 结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动 意 义。该结构中常用的形容词有： easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous 等。2分词作状语 One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come

4、to his flat as soon as possible. 2021 济 南 模拟一天晚上哈里给我打 ，要求我尽快去他家。 Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper. 2021 济宁一 模 因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 2021 重庆 高考我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 Seen from the top

5、 of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。规律总结(1) 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。(2) 如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。(3) 假设现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么用现在分词的完成形式(hav ing doing)。(4) 假设与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于

6、谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。(5) 如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，那么要用过去分词(done)。3.独立成分作状语Judg ing from his acce nt, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。常见规律总结有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。的有:gen erally speaki ng般来说fran kly speak ingjudg ing from/by .坦白地说 根据？ ？来判 断考虑到？ ？to tell you the

7、 truth说实话see ing .鉴于/由于？ ？suppos ing假设，如果assu ming假使give n考虑到，鉴于provided (that .)一、非谓语动词作宾语如果considering /taking .into consideration She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 He got well- prepared for the job in terview, for he could n't risk los ing the good opport un ity.Con

8、sideri ng your health, you'd better have a rest. 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好时机的风险。 I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. 2021 上海 高考在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到适宜的食物。 I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。 I r

9、emembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 2021 安徽高考在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。规律总结 1 以下动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动容许选方案，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, as

10、k/beg, help 。此外， afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 等也要用不定式作宾语。 2以下动词或词组只 能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，成认推迟没得想。 防止错过继续练， 否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy 想象， 设想 ; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/

11、appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help 禁不住 , mind, allow/permit, escape 。3 be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand 无法忍受 , give up, feel like, insist on, thank . for, apologize for, be busy in , have difficu

12、lty/trouble in , have a good/wonderful/hard time in , spend time in 等 短 语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。4以下动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语， 但意义上有区别，要特别注意：to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事doing sth.对做过的事表示懊悔已做to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事to do sth.记着去做某事未做 doing

13、 sth.记着做了某事已做to do sth.打算做某事mea ndoing sth.意味着做某事三、非谓语动词作宾补 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 2021 四 川高考我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感至U很惊奇。 Let those in need understand that we will go a

14、ll out to help them.2021 陕西高考让那些需要 帮助的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 2021 陕西高考克莱儿在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。 He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.

15、2021 辽宁高考 亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。规律总结1 . 感官动词 词组 see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：doing看见?正.做.?see + 宾语+.宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系do看见？ ？ 做.了 .?being done看见？ 正.在.被.做.宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系done看见？ ？被做.2 .使役动词 make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况:1make 宾语done 让?do 让 ? ? 做 ? ? 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的

16、主动关系 被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系do 让 ? ? 做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系be done 让 ? ? 被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系(2) let + 兵语 (3)have 兵语+do sth. 使? ? 做某事兵语与兵补为逻辑上的主动关系 doing sth. 使? ? 持续做某事done 使? ? 被做兵语与兵补为逻辑上的被动关系点津have sth. to do有事情要做 have sb. doing 假设用于否认句中，其中 have 有“容忍之意(4)get +兵语与兵补为逻辑上的主动关to do 使 ? ? 做? ? 兵语+doing 使? ? 开始做done 使?

17、 ? 被做兵语与兵补为逻辑上的被动关系四、非谓语动词作定语 Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her .2021 辽宁高考 劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她处理。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 2021福建高考 建于 1911 年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。

18、 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。规律总结 1现在分词 短语作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作 的主动和进行。2过去分词短语作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。点津表示心理状态的动词-ing 形式，意为“令人 ? ? 的 ；动词 -ed 形式，意为“ 人感到 ? ? 的 ，也可修饰表达内心感受的 look, expression, tears, smile, voice 等名词。3不定式

19、作定语表示未做的事情。五、非谓语动词作主语和表语 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(2021 浙江高考聆听别人对你刚刚所读的书的反响会增加额外的乐趣 It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。 动名词短语作主语， it 作形式主语 To see is to believe/Seeing is believing .眼见为实。 His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是

20、上哈佛大学。 The queen's work is laying eggs. 蚁后的工作就是产卵。规律总结 1不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可 以是屡次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。2以下句型中常用动名词作主语：no use/goodnot any use/goodIt is/was doing sth.of little use/goodworth3不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 4动名词作表语时， 说明主语的性质或特征。六、with 复合结构 John received an invit

21、ation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hardtime.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。有小男孩带路，我 With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village

22、. 们找到这个村庄没费力。规律总结 with 复合结构常用形式：sb./sth. doing 表主动且进行，或表特征with sth. done 表被动且完成，或表状态sth. to do 表示将来七、独立主格 Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费力地走出了森林。 Jim was liste

23、ning attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。 He came out of the library, ( with )a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。规律总结独立主格结构的构成形式:不定式表示动作未发生v.-ing形式表示主动、进行名词或代词+过去分词表示被动、完成形容词/副词/介词短语点津独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点:1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人

24、或同一事物；2 .独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。考点一非谓语动词作状语1 .2021四川高考which uni versity to atte nd, the girl asked her teacher foradvice.A .Not knowingB . Knowing notC.Not knownD . Known not解析：选A句意：由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。分析句子成分可知，the girl与know之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的否认式是在分词前加 n ot。2 .2021 湖南高考 _ warm at nig

25、ht, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarmclock for midni ght so I could refill it.A . StayingB . StayedC . To stayD . Stay解析：选 C句意：为了晚上保暖，我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。此处“保暖是“添加木柴 的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。3 .2021 安徽高考 in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children'slove of art.C

26、Founded D Having founded解析：选 C 句意：这所学校创立于 20 世纪初期，它一直鼓励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。 found与 the school 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。应选 C。考点二非谓语动词作定语4 .2021 北京高考 Volunteering gives you a chanee _ lives, including your own.A changeB changingC.changedD .to change解析：选 D 句意：志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的时机， 包括你自己的。 a chance to do sth . “做某事的时机 。

27、英语中有些名词，如 chance, ability, way 等，常用不定式作定语。5 .2021 新课标全国卷I They might just have a place _ on the writing course why don't you give it a try?A . leaveB . leftC.leavingD .to leave解析：选 B 句意：他们可能只剩下一个写作课的名额了。你为什么不试试呢？leave 与其逻辑主语 a place 之间为动宾关系，因此此处要用 leave 的过去分词 left 作后置定语。6.2021 山东高考 The room is e

28、mpty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.A . standing B . to standC.stands D . stood解析：选 A 句意：除了一个书橱在墙角外，房间里空空荡荡。except for 是介词短语， 其后不能接句子，所以排除C、D 两项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，且a bookshelf与动词 stand 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选A。考点三非谓语动词作宾语7 .2021 江苏高考 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins,the

29、 city took on a new look.A . reducingB . reducedC.being reducedD .having reduced解析：选 C 分析句子结构可知，空格处与 suffering from 是 and 连接的两个并列成分， 在 形式上应保持一致， 又因 reduce 与 the city 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 因此选 being reduced 。考点四 非谓语动词作主语、表语8 .2021 福建高考 _ basic first- aid techniques will help you respond quickly toA Known emer

30、gencies.B . Having knownC . KnowingD . Being known解析：选 C 句意：了解根本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。 分析句子结构 可知， 空处在句中充当主语， 应用动词 -ing 形式。 having known 强调“完成，不符合句意， 可排除。 应选 C。9.2021 重庆咼考 The engine just won't start.Something seems_ wrong with it.A .to goB . to have goneC . goingD . having gone解析：选 B 句意：发动机启动不了了，它好

31、似出问题了。动词seem 后常接动词不定式，因此 C 、D 两项不正确。由句意可知， go 这一动作在 start 之前发生，应选 B考点五 非谓语动词作宾补10 . 2021 北京高考 When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.A . blockB . to blockC . blockingD . blocked解析：选 D 句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构 可知， 此处是“ see +宾语+宾语补足语结构。宾语补足语是do形式时，表示 “看见宾语 做某事

32、的全过程 ；宾语补足语是 doing 形式时，表示 “看见宾语正在做某事 ；假设宾语补 足语与 宾语是动宾关系时，那么用过去分词 done 形式作宾语补足语。 road 与 block 之间是被 动关系，故 选 D 。 解题技法指导 第一步：利用 “有无连词 原那么确定是谓语还是非谓语分析句子结构， 判断出句子的主干 主语和谓语。 如果题线处作谓语， 那么要用谓语动 词，如果题线处不作谓语，那么要用非谓语动词。 典例 2021 湖南高考 Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you haveit memorized.A . readB

33、. readingC . to readD . readsuntil ， until 引导时间状语从句，故分析 选 A 分析句子结构可知，题干中有连词“ a proverb aloud several times 为主句， 此处应为祈使句， 故应用动词原形。此题应选 A 项。第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分 根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用， 确定其所充当的句子成分， 从而确定空格内 所 需填入的非谓语动词的形式。典例2021 新课标全国卷I The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edgedshadows on the ground.A thr

34、owingB being thrownCto throwD to be thrown 分析 根据句意和句子结构可知，题线处应作伴随状语，且the sunlight 与 throw 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。答案应为 A 项。第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主 谓关系那么用 v.-ing 形式或不定式的 主动式；假设为动宾关系那么用 v.-ing 形式的被动式、不定式的被 动式或过去分词。典例 2021 湖南高考 You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.

35、A offeringB to offerChaving offeredD offered分析 offer 与逻辑主语 an opinion 之间为被动关系，A 、B 、C 三项都表示主动， D 项为过去分词表示被动， 应选 D 项。第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing 形式 /不定式的完成式； 如果同时进行用 v.-ing 形式或不定式的进行式； 如果非谓语动词表示的动作发 生 在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般式。典例2021 新课标全国卷H I got to the office earlier that

36、day, the 7 :30 trainfrom Paddington.A caughtB to have caughtCto catchD having caught 分析 由句意可知 catch the 7 :30 train 这一动作发生在谓语动词 got to the office 之前，故用现在分词的完成时非谓语动词在写作中的运用松句和众所周知， 作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费力。 恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。一、运用非谓语动词转换简

37、单句写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可米用三步法。错误!例如第一步：写出两个简单句。 I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to th ink about what to do to help.第二步：让句作主句，用非谓语动词改写句。第三步：句表示原因，其动词 feel与主语I之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。Feeli ng quite sorry for that, I begi n to th ink about what to do to help.2021 陕西高考总分值作文其他几个转换

38、的例子如下：1.另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供应我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。On the other han d, I will help set up the En glish cor ner. I will provide us stude nts a platform to practice our oral En glish.t On the other han d, I will help set up the En glish corner, provid ing us stude nts a platform topractice our oral English. 20

39、21天津高考总分值作文 现在分词作状语2 .这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.t All the people here like the novel written by Tom. 过去分词作定语3 .我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。We should speak more En glish. We th ink it is very importa nt.t We think it very important to speak more English. it 作形式宾

40、语，不定式作真正宾语即时演练运用非谓语动词转换简单句1 . We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard. 用过去分词作状语2 . I did n't receive her letter. I had to write agai n. 用现在分词作状语用动名词作主语3 . The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.用不定式作4 . The boys were maki ng the most of ti

41、me. They wan ted to fin ish the work earlier.用现在分词作状语 目的状语5 . I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.、运用非谓语动词转换复合句 时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词， 再把握好时态和语态即可， 所以只需两步。用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一因为需转换的一般是从句局部，这些例如 第一步：写出复合句。After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we st

42、rongly desired to be thewinner.第二步：把 after 引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词， practice 与 we 之间为主谓关 系， 且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。t Havi ng practiced playi ng basketball for almost two mon ths, we stron gly desired to be the winner.2021湖南高考总分值作文其他几个转换的例子如下：1 惊诧于他们的熟练程度，我决心要像他们一样好。Because I was amazed at how skillful they w

43、ere, I determined to be just as good.t Amazed at how skillful they were, I determi ned to be just as good. 2021 浙江高考总分值作 文 过去分词作状语 2看到一辆车朝她而来，我伸出手把她拉了回来。When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.t Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulle

44、d her back.2021 安徽高考总分值作文 现在分词作状语 3这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer . Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment .t There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous

45、 gas, polluting the environment .简析： “原句中分别由 which 引导两个定语从句， 重复且单调， 将第二个定语从句转 换 为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。4由于老师的帮助，我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大，我确信我能考上更好的大学。Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.t W

46、ith my teacher helping me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.简析：“原句两处重复出现由 because 引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“ with 现 在分词的复合结构后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。即时演练 运用非谓语动词转换复合句1 As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they

47、 rushed into it to save them without hesitation.they rushed into it to save them without hesitation.2 We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.t We think it is necessary that middle school stud

48、ents should learn a foreign Ianguage and we also think3 I took part in the meeting, which was held in Beijing last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday.t I took part in the meeting last Friday. It was very instructive, whichwas hosted by a

49、manager yesterday.4 Mother went to work in a hurry, and she didn't have breakfast. She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late.t Mother went to work in a hurry . She was as busy asa bee these days, .三、运用非谓语动词转换短文根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达北京市有大量的出租车司机， 他们每天全心全意地为乘客效劳， 对北京市的交通发挥着 重 要作用。

50、他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把 忘在了车上，但 当我和 司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把 送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。一般表达：There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money. They work from dawn till night. One day, I left my cellphone in the taxi I took. I got in touch with the driver. He drove to my home and gave it back to me. I was very excited.高级表达：Ther