Unit5NelsonMandela—a高考英语一轮基础复习人教版必修一

1、备战 2022 高考英语一轮基础复习 unit 5 （人教版）（词汇 +短语+句型+ 阅读）一：词汇过关1. lawyer n.律师 n.法律；法制2. generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 f n.慷慨；大方3. guidance n.指导；领导 f vt.指导；引路 n.导游；向导4. peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的 f n.和平；和睦5. legal adj.法律的；依照法律的- （反义词）adj.非法的；违法的6. reward n.报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏 f adj.值得的；有益的； 有回报的7. hopeful adj. 怀有希望的 f n.希望 adj

2、.无望 的；绝望的8. active adj.积极的； 活跃的 f adv.积极地；活跃地 n. 活动9. devote vt.献身；专心于 f adj.忠实的；深爱的 n. 关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚10. equal adj.相等的；平等的 f adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 n. 平等；相等二：短语复习1. 失业2. 危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3. 求助于；致力于4. 丧失勇气或信心5. 当权；上台6. 事实上7. 使充气；爆炸8. 设立；建立9. 被判处（徒刑）10. 愿意做11. 把某人关进监狱12. 为提供指导13. 决定做某事三：句型复习1. 介词关系代词“” 引导定语从句It

3、 was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer .那是在 1952 年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。2. the first time第一次"”，引导时间状语从句I felt bad .第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。3. when 引导定语从句The time Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉时是我一生中非常艰难的时期。四：单句语法填空1. Everybody sang high praise for her (devote)

4、to the cause of education.2. It s an opportunity for young people to improve their performance under the (guide) of professional coaches.3. Over the past two years he has worked hard to provide a better quality of (educate) to local students.4. Guilin has shown how (reward) it is to keep the balance

5、 between theeconomic development and environmental protection.5. If a teacher doesn t treat all his students equally, it is (fair) 6. People (legal) change their first, middle, or last names for a variety ofreasons.7. Thanks to you all, we forgot the sorrow caused by the quake and our (peace) state

6、of mind returned.8. Men and women must be treated (equal) in education and employment.9. A great number of students get (active) involved in volunteer jobs.10. It does serious harm to children s character that too much (violent) isshown on television.五：单句短文改错1. We must bear in mind that wasting time

7、 is equal to waste your life.2. Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others.3. Last year I had a narrowly escape, and I don t want to risk my life a second time.4. We like to deal with the company whose products are in high quality.5. The longer people stay unemployed, the more trouble they ha

8、ve found new work.6. He listens to music as an escape the pressures of work.7. The first time when I saw him, I was amazed at his devotion to his career.8. He has to reward the men who helped him come to powers.9. How could you refuse such a good job when you have been out of a work for months?10. A

9、s the matter of fact, nowadays few Chinese people can spend a whole month on festival activities due to the fast-paced life.六：阅读训练1. A)You ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really mak

10、e a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “ Strawpocalypse, a p” air of 10

11、-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no

12、means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they ve recently come under fire because most people donthem to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that s part of Von Wong s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a

13、few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, V on Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload wosrth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “ Truckloadof Plastic, o”n WVong and a group of volu

14、nteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, whichd been dufmropmeda truck all at once.were then tied together to look like theyVon Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.2. What are Von Wong ' s artworks intended for?A. Beautifyi

15、ng the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.3. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views

16、 on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.4. What effect would“Truckload of Plastic " have on viewers?A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists ' Opinoonslastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary

17、 ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures(B)You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long

18、 after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 1It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2 . Any small interruption

19、 - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability：3 So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.Researchers ha

20、ve a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4_ This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one re

21、gister won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.5. It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Go

22、od luck.A . Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?C Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest w

23、aiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.参考答案一：1. law 2. generosity 3. guide 4. peace 5. illegal 6. rewarding 7. hope; hopeless 8. actively; activity 9. devoted; devotio

24、n 10. equally; equality1. out of work 2. in trouble 3. turn to 4. lose heart 5. come to power 6. as a matter of fact 7. blow up 8. set up 9. be sentenced to 10. be willing to do 11. put sb. in prison 12. offer guidance to 13. decide to do sth.1. to whom I went for advice 2. the first time I talked t

25、o a group 3. when I first met四：1. devotion 2. guidance 3. education 4. rewarding 5. unfair 6. legally7. peaceful 8. equally 9. actively 10. violence五：1. waste 改为 wasting 2. help 改为 helping 3. narrowly 改为 narrow 4. in 改为 of 5. found 改为 finding 6.在 escape 后力口 from 7.去掉 when 8. powers 改为 power 9. 去掉第二个

26、a 10. 第一个 the 改为 a六：1。根据第一段“ But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? ArtistBenjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真有什么区别吗？

27、艺术家本杰明 冯王(Benjamin Von Wong )想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视 他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。 ) ”可知， Von Wong 用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审 视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的 关注。故选 C 项。2。根据第三段“ Just9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by nomeans the biggest source(来源)of plastic pollution, but they &

28、#39; vrecently come under fire because most people don tneed them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that s part of Von Wong s artwork likely camefrom a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will

29、 take centuries to disappear.( 全球只有 9% 的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑 料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体 积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。 ) ”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无 法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选 A 项。3。 根据倒数第二段“ In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate( 说明 ) a spe

30、cificstatistic: Every 6 0 seconds, a truckload s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “ Truckload of Plastic,V”on Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they倾倒 ) d been dumped(from a truck all at once

31、.( 在2018年的一个作品中，冯 王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统 计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为乙卡车塑料”的作品，冯 王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒 下来的。 ) ”可知， 这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾 入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选 B 项。4。通读全文，结合第一段 “B ut does one plastic straw or cup really make a differenc

32、e?Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明冯王 (Benjamin Von Wong) 想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。 )”和倒数第二

33、段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wongwanted to illustrate( 说明 ) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload wsorth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “ Truckload of Plastic, ” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collectedmorethan 10,000 pieces of plastic,whichwere thentied together

34、to look likethey dbeen dumped( 倾倒 ) from a truckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯 王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每 60秒， 就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为卡车塑料”的作品，冯 王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料， 然后把它们绑在一起， 让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。 ) ”可知艺术 家本杰明 冯王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重 新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知， D 项 “海洋塑料变成雕塑 ”符合

35、文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选 D 项。1下文 “ Itturns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。 ） ”解释了上 文 “Youchose wrong.（ 你选错了 ） ”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选 A 项。2上文“ Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all the ircustomers through with minimum delay. （杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。 ） ”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption aprice check, a chatty customer -can have downstream e