人教版英语必修二unit 3 Computers讲义(含单元测试题,每个重点单词都配有练习题)

1、必修二unit 3 Computers、词汇1.common adj. 普通的，常见的；Smith is a common name in England. 在英国Smith是个很普通的名字。共有的，共用的A great interest in music was common to them. 他们对音乐都有着共同的强烈兴趣。拓展：in common (with) (和)一样have sth. in common (with) (与)有共同之处They are brothers, but they have nothing in common.他们虽是兄弟，但毫无共同之处。In common

2、 with many people, he prefers classical music to pop music.和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，而不喜欢流行音乐。例题：1)They have a lot_ and became good friends very soon.A.in common B. in case C. in surprise D. in interest答案：A。in case万一，假使。in surprise吃惊， 没有in interest这一说法。根据意思选A。2.calculate v. 计算He hasnt calculated the result. 他还

3、没计算出结果来。估计Lets calculate what it will cost. 让我们估计一下那要花多少钱。计划，打算（常用于被动）The ad is calculated to attract the attention of young people. 这个广告计划以年轻人为宣传对象。例题：Its difficult to _ how much time the project will take.A.Count B. complete C. calculate D. account答案：count计数，表示逐个查点而求得总数。complete完成。account说明，解释。3.i

4、ntelligence n智力；聪明He is a person of great intelligence. 他是个极聪明的人。拓展：intelligent adj有智力的；聪明的；理解力强的A dolphin is an intelligent animal. 海豚是有智力的动物。例题：1）To be good at the game you need a reasonable level of _.A.Intelligence B. power C. emotion D. opinion 答案： A。power，权利，势力。 emotion, 情感。opinion,观点，看法4.solv

5、e vt. 解答；解决 Its difficult for him to solve the problem. 对他来说解决这个问题很难。拓展：solution n. 解决，解答近义词辨析：solve与settlesolve ：“解决”，侧重给出一个答案。 solve a mystery/problem 解决谜团/问题settle ：“解决”，其对象通常是某种争端。 settle a matter/quarrel 解决事情/争吵例题：1）We want to _ the troublesome case. But after looking through all the similar ca

6、ses, we could find no good _ at all.A. settle; settlement B. solve; solution C. deal with; deal D.do; solution5.reality n.不可数：现实；实际情况搭配：face/accept reality 面对/接受现实with reality 真实地；逼真地bringback to reality 使面对现实His film showed life in the poor area with great reality. 他的影片非常真实地展现了贫困地区的生活。Failure broug

7、ht back to reality. 失败使我回到现实中来。可数：事实；实际经历Her dream became a reality. 她的梦想成为了事实。Will time travel become a reality? 时光旅行会成为事实吗？拓展“事实上，实际上”的表达法in reality; in fact; in truth; actually; really6. application n.拓展：apply v. 应用；申请；applicant n. 申请人，求职者（尤指理论、发明等的）应用，运用The research has many practical applicatio

8、ns. 这项研究有许多实际用途。申请；请求；申请书搭配：make an application (to ab.) for （向某人）申请I made an application to the club for membership. 我申请加入该俱乐部。Its suggested that the application should be turned down. 有人建议拒绝这项申请。7.explore v. 探测，勘察，探险The city is best explored on foot. 最好是徒步考查这座城市。探究，仔细查阅The economists explored all

9、the possible ways to check the inflation. 经济学家研究了可能遏制通货膨胀的各种方法。 拓展：explorer n. 探险者；勘探员exploration n. 探险；探索例题：1）If you _ yourself to the textbook, you will find the question is no more difficult. A apply B. absorb C.interest D. appeal答案： A. apply oneself to “专心于”。8 anyhow adv.（转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说）无论如何，

10、反正Anyhow I dont like it. 反正我不喜欢它。而且，加之，反正I dont want to go out and anyhow it is raining. 我不想出去，而且天又在下雨。 尽管，即使这样I am afraid we cant come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow. 恐怖我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。辨析：anyhow与somehowanyhow 同义词是anyway，意思是“无论如何；即便如此”，可以置于句首、句中或句末。 Leave me your address, anyhow. 不管怎样，给我留下你的地址

11、。somehow 意为“以某种方式；由于某种原因；不知怎么地；想方设法”。Somehow, I dont feel I can trust the man. 不知怎么地，我觉得不能信任这个人。例题：1）Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though答案：此处anyway 相当于anyhow，意为“无论如何，然而，总之，反正”。9.goal n

12、.目标；目的搭配：set a goal 设定目标；pursue a goal 追求目标achieve/realize/attain/reach a goal 实现目标Goals determine what you are going to be. 目标决定你将成为什么样的人。进球；得分Liverpool won by three goals to one. 利物浦队以三比一获胜。球门搭配：(be) in goal 守球门；keep goal 守球门He headed the ball into an open goal. 他把球顶进了空门。例题：1）The best method to _

13、this goal is to unite as many people as possible. Which of the following is wrong? Aachieve B. reach C. perform D. realize答案： achieve/ reach / realize a goal 实现目标10personally adv. 就本人而言，就个人意见（= in ones opinion）Personally, I am in favor of the plan. 就我个人来说，我是支持这项计划的。本人；亲自（= by oneself）The old man sai

14、d he personally didnt believe the report. 那位老人说他本人是不相信那篇报道的。个别地；单个地You will be held personally responsible for any loss and breakage. 如有丢失或损坏，将由你个人负责。私下地；偷偷地May I speak to you personally about this matter? 我可以私下和你谈谈这件事吗？拓展： personality n. 人格；personal adj. 个人的，私人的例题：1）-Shall we go to the party at 7?

15、-, its not a convenient time.A.By my opinion B. For my opinion C. Personally D. In person答案：C。A,B介词错误。D表示“亲自”。11. in ones opinion 依来看 In our opinion, autumn is the best season in Beijing. 在我们看来，秋天是北京最好的季节拓展：in one's view =in the view of sb. = in one's opinion = in the opinion of sb. 据的见解例题：1

16、)_that this one will meet our need. A. In my opinion B. I believe C. I think in mind D. I seem12. follow跟随；沿着；听懂；遵循；听从跟随 Follow me! 跟着我！ 沿着Follow this road, and you'll get there. 沿着这条路走，你就会到那儿。 听懂I'm sorry I don't quite follow you. 对不起，我不太明白你的意思。 遵循；听从You should follow the rules of the l

17、ab when you are doing experiment. 你们做实验时，就应该遵守实验室的规则。例题：1)There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. being followed C. to be followed D. following13.advantage n. 优势；好处He has the advantage of a steady job. They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 拓展：disadvanta

18、ge n. 不利条件；劣势take advantage of 对加以利用；欺骗have /get/win an advantage over胜过；优于have the advantage of 具有的有利条件have an advantage in 在方面占有优势to sb.'s advantage 对某人有利例题： 1)He was a much older player and he had the great _ of experience. A. interest B. success C. advantage D. honor答案：C考查名词词义辨析。interest兴趣，利

19、益；success 成功；advantage好处，优势；honor荣誉。根据语境：他是一个资格颇老的运动员，有着很大经验优势，所以答案是C。14. in a way在某种程度上；稍稍In a way, his English has improved. 在某种程度上，他的英语有所提高。拓展: in one way 在某方面 in some ways 在某些方面in no way 决不，无论如何不(位于句首构成倒装)on one's way to在去的路上 by the way顺便说说in any way在任何方面 in every way在各方面all the way 自始至终；完全地

20、 by way of经由，途经in the way/in one's way 挡住去路；碍事 give way (to)让步，屈服例题：1）I can't see the word on the blackboard. Your head is _. A. on the way B. in a way C. by the way D. in the way答案：D考查way短语辨析。in the way和in one's way 均表示“挡住去路；碍事”之意。按照句意D符合。15. make up组成，构成Our association(协会)is made up of

21、 people from every field of life.编写，编造She is amazing. She can always make up interesting stories in a short time.化妆It usually takes her an hour to make (herself) up before the party. 弥补，补偿You must work day and night to make_up for the lost time.拓展：make up for弥补；补偿 be made up of consist of由组成make for

22、有利于，有助于；走向；冲向make full/good/the best use of (make the most of)充分利用make out理解；懂得；辨认出；没法应付make fun of取笑；捉弄 make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通make sure确信 be made from/of由制造make one's way向走去例题：1） American Indians _ about five present of the U.S. population.A.fill up B. make up C. bring up D. set up答案： B。 句意“美国印第

23、安人越占人口的5%”。A为填充，C为抚养，D为建立，故选B。16.arise (arose, arisen) vi. 出现；发生 A new difficulty has arisen. 起床I arose early in the morning. 引起Accidents arise from carelessness. 拓展：arise from 由引起；有产生单词辨析：arise arouse rise raisearise vi.出现；发生；起因于arosearisenarisingarouse vt.唤醒；激起 aroused arousedarousingrise vi.升起；起身

24、；增长；上升roserisenrisingraise vt.举起；唤起；提高；饲养 raised raised raising例题：1） Many difficulties have _as a result of change over a new type of fuel. A. risen B. arisen C. raised D. liftedB考查动词词义辨析。rise升起；arise出现；raise举起；lift抬起。根据语境：由于改变了燃油的品种已经出现了许多种困难。所以答案是B。17.after all毕竟，终究，到底You'd better let him go t

25、here alone. After_all,_he has grown up. 拓展： above all 意为“最重要的是”，“尤其是”(是对语气的加强)。first of all 首先(是对语气的加强)after all 毕竟，不管怎样；别忘了(用于提醒)。at all一般用在否定句中，用以加强否定语气。at all用在疑问句、条件句中，起强调作用，意为“真的，确实，竟然”等。另外，not at all用来表示“不用谢”。in all表示“总共”，“总计”。all in all 总的说来(用于对意见的总结)。例题: We should let her go on holiday alone

26、. _, she is 15, and not a child any more.A.In all B. At all C. Above all D. After all答案：D。、练习：1. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when you're looking for a job. A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantage2. We should always keep in mind that accidents_ from carele

27、ssness while driving. A. arise B. arouse C. begin D. cause3. He knows _ to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesn't know _ to do with. A. what; how B. what; what C. how; what D. how; how4. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already.A. sell, have been sold out B. sol

28、d, had sold out C. sell, sell out D. are sold, have been sold out5. 1)As time_, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety. A. passing B. going by C. passed D. goes by 6. It was_ that we went camping in the mountains. A. such nice weather B. such a nice weather C. so nice a weather

29、D. too nice weather7 So large_ that I couldn't believe it. A. did my memory become B. my memory became C. my memory did become D. became my memory 8. How are you going to_ such problems? A. do with B. deal with C. deal D. do up 9. You should take the medicine according to the_ on the bottle. A.

30、instructions B. orders C. advices D. descriptions10._ I could get in a word he had left. A. Until B. Before C. AfterD. As11.课文填空The computer began only as a calculating machine in 1642, then in 1822, it was built as an Analytical Machine by Charles Babbage. At the year of 1936, Alan Turing wrote a b

31、ook to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine “ to solve mathematical problem. With the development of information technology, in the 1960s, computers had new transistors and became smaller and smaller, then were connected to each other by the internet. As the y

32、ears had gone by, computers were brought into peoples homes. Now computers have become the most important tools to connect people all over the world together.、难句分析1.He used to download information from the Internet and made good use of it. 他过去常常从网上下载信息并很好地利用它。分析： make good use of 好好利用，充分利用We must ma

33、ke good use of every minute and second. 我们必须好好利用每分每秒。拓展：make use of 使用；利用 make full use of 充分利用We will make use of her vast experience. 我们将利用她丰富的经验。2.After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what Im all about! 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的

34、一切！分析：本句是which引导的限制性定语从句和what引导的一个表语从句。be all about 意为“致力于”。3. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。分析：本句是由before引导的时间状语从句，具体句型为“It took + 一段时间 + before +从句”，表示“过了一段时间后才”。It too

35、k months before we solved the financial problem of our company. 我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。拓展：It will (not) be +时间段+before +从句（现在时）表示“要过一段时间后才（用不了一段时间就）”It was (not) be +时间段+before +从句（过去时）表示“过了一段时间后才（没过一段时间就）”It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这所学校毕业。It was a long time be

36、fore I understood what he did. 很长一段时间后我才理解他所做的事情。4. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展的如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的一切事情！分析：本句为sothat引导的结果状语从句，其中I have been told为省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为anything。sothat “如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。搭配：s

37、o + adj./adv. + that；so + adj. + a(n) + 可数名词单数 + that；so few/many + 可数名词单数 + thatso much/little（表示“少”）+ 不可数名词+ thatThe suitcase was so heavy that I couldnt carry it upstairs. 这个手提箱那么重，我无法把它提到楼上去。He worked so hard that he made great progress. 他工作如此努力，因此取得了巨大的进步。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted

38、to do anything. = It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气太热，以致谁也不想干活。拓展： . sothat结构中，so可放在句首，形成倒装结构Tired was he that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. 他太累了以致一躺下就睡着了。so + adj. + a(n) + 可数名词单数+ that = such + a(n) + adj. + 可数名词单数+that；但当名词有few，many，little(少的)，much等表示数量的词修饰时，不能用

39、suchthat来代替sothat。She is so good a teacher that we all love her. = She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好的老师，我们都喜欢她。5.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。分析：while watching human games 为时间状语，是状语从句的省略形式。状语从句

40、的省略：当时间、条件等状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致并且从句的谓语有be的某种形式，或从句的主语为it并且从句的谓语动词有be的某种形式时，这时从句的主语和be常可省略。While (he was) walking in the park, he met an old friend by chance. 当在公园散步时，他偶然遇到了一位老朋友。Look out when (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。、练习1.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.A

41、. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection2. He came to help us _ he had lots of work to do.A. as B. although C. while D. whenever3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 4. Well have the exa

42、mination next. Im really worried about it. _.A. Never mind B. Take it easy C. Oh, really D. Sorry to hear that 5. Although they are twins, they dont have much _. A. the same as B. in common C. in commons D. much6. 改错： Does this book have something in common with that one? anything On my opinion, the

43、 price is not reasonable. InFollow this street and you get to the school. UntilHe is a person of great intelligent. intelligenceTake two pill at once a time. once 去掉、语法 现在完成时的被动语态1.现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：. 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours.

44、他修理这台机器已有两小时了。被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。 主动语态 被动语态现在完成时 have/has done-àhave/has been doneThe dirty clothes have not been washed. 脏衣服还没有洗。 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit ,stand, break out,

45、 come true, belong to等。What has happened to your brother? 你哥哥发生了什么事？但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这个孩子这些年被王奶奶照顾的很好。A notice has been put up on the wall. 布告被贴在了墙上。2. 结构:现在完成时被动语态的肯定式

46、由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。Two windows have been broken两个窗子被打破了。现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：The car has not been repaired这辆汽车还没有修好。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have Has 主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes，it has是的，完成了。现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词havehas主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。

47、例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ 3.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。The door has been locked门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long？句型中。They have been told about it for many times有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）How long has th

48、e machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？4. 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have has和been，两者缺一不可。注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。The house was built last year这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built这房子已经建好了。由finish，buy，start，begin，post，retu

49、rn，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。译：这本书买了多久了？误：How long has this book been bought？ 正：How long ago was this book bought？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。No books have been bought since last week自上周以来，没有人来买过书。短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要

50、保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。The orphan has been well looked after这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。、语法练习1.Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set upC. was set up D. is set up2. -_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im told D. I told3. All the

51、 preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been done4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed5. When and where to go for the on- salary hol

52、iday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has7. That book _into at least 20 foreign languages.A. has said to be translatedB. has been said to have translatedC. is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated8. Hi, Tom, you look tired.- Of course. I _ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting9. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The r