2019届高考英语(通用版)二轮复习阅读理解专题训练：训练3说明文(Ⅲ)(含解析)

1、训练 3 说明文（山）A（2019 福州市质量检查）Get a Thorough Understanding of OneselfIn all on es life time it is on eself that one spe nds the most time being with or deali ng with. 1When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate（高估）yourselft seems that everything you seek for is with in your reach.2 Its

2、likely that you think it wise for yourself tostay away from the outer world.Actually , to get a thorough un dersta nding of on eself , you may as wellkeep the follow ing tips in mind.Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not toexpect too much, for d

3、reams can never be fully realized.You may be courageous to meet challe nges butit should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. 3Self appreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a towering tree or a blade of grass , a highmountain or a small stone , you represent a state of nature. 4 If you e

4、arnestly（诚挚地） admire yourselfyoull have a real sense of self appreciati on.5 In time of an ger , do yourself a favor by releas ing（ 释放）it in a quiet place so that you wontbe hurt by its flames; in time of sadness ， do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as tochange a bad mood into a

5、cheerful one; in time of tiredness，do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.Get a full control of ones life. Then one will find ones life full of color and flavor.A.It has its own value.B.Do on eself a favor whe n its n eeded.C.Do yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.D.But it is

6、 precisely on eself that one has the least un dersta nding of.E.Especially if it is well with in your reach , you are just too bli nd to see it.F.When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself for your own in compete nee.G. So long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself , there

7、wont be difficulties you cantovercome.本文是一篇说明文。生活中总有些人高估或低估自己，这是因为他们不了解自己。本文就如何全面了解自己提出了几条建议。1 . D 关键句是强调句型，和 D 项句式相同，但意思相反，前后两句之间为转折关系，“But ” 起着衔接的作用，符合语境。故选 D。2 . F 空格前提到“在人生的上升阶段你倾向于高估自己，似乎你所追求的一切都触手可及”；F 项意为“当你走下坡路时，你倾向于因自己的无能而低估自己”，与上文句式相同说明两种情况，与下文的“stay away from the outer world 紧密衔接。故选 F。3.G

8、 根据该段的小标题“获得对自己的正确评价”可知， G 项“只要你对自己非常了解， 就没有克服不了的困难”符合语境。故选 Go4.A空格前提到“不管你把自己比作什么事物，实际上你代表的是一种自然形态 ”，与 A项“它有自己的价值”紧密衔接，符合语境。故选 Ao5.B分析该段大意可知，本段主要建议“在你生气、悲伤、劳累时，可通过适当的方式 对自己好一些”；B 项“在需要的时候对自己好一些”符合该段大意，适合做本段小标题。关键词 do yourself a favor 也是选择的依据。故选B。B（2019 长沙市模拟）“6” All the things that you have bee n th

9、rough , all the people you have met and in teractedwith can have an impact on your attitude .If you think that all these factors have made you a pers on witha poor attitude towards life , there is no n eed to worry as there is always an opport unity for cha nge.Letme share with you how I did it.1. I

10、dentify and understand what you want to change.The first step towards cha nge is clearly un dersta nding what n eeds to be cha nged. 7 When itcomes to changing your attitude , you need to do an honest and in depth self evaluation so youcould point out exactly which of your qualities n eed to be impr

11、oved or totally cha nged.2.8We all n eed to know that what were trying to accomplish can in fact be achieved; that we can bemore optimistic , more social or more patie nt.F ind some one who has the ki nd of attitude that you wantto have , and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragemen

12、t to move beyond your temporaryfailures in your journey towards beco ming a better pers on.3 .Think about how your attitude change will affect your life.To be able to overcome all the difficulties that lie ahead of you in your journey towards self betterment, you need to figure out exactly what this

13、 supposed change could bring to your life.Fix yourmind on the things that would come as a result of your attitude cha nge and you will have a greater chanee of reach ing your goal.4. Choose the right company.As they say, “ Bad company corrupts good character. ” You dont expect yourself to be able to

14、cha nge if you go on surr ounding yourself with people who possess all the n egative pers on alities thatyou want to change.Consider befriending new people , especially those who are optimistic and have ahealthy attitude towards life. _9_5.10Often ， the greatest obstacle between us and our goals is

15、ourselves or our inability to trust in what weare able to do.If you dont believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change ， it just wonthappenyou will either never start， or give up quickly so you wont have even given yourself theopportunity to succeed.A. Believe that you are able to

16、change.B Our personalities and attitudes are developed through our relationships and experiences.C Look for a role model.D You will see that your effort to change will be easier with these kinds of people as friends.E It is only right to try hard to have a strong mind.F Setting clear goals is the ke

17、y to success in any endeavor.G Our attitude toward life determines lifes attitude towards us. 本文是一篇说明文。我们对待生活的态度决定了生活对待我们的态度， 本文作者主要和读者分享了他 /她是如何积极对待生活的。6 G 根据下文内容可推知 ，空格处是一个直接引语 ，且从第二句开始 ， 文章都是围绕 attitude”展开的。故 G 项我们对待生活的态度决定了生活对待我们的态度”总领全文，符合语境。故选 G。 7F 上文提到做出改变的第一步就是要完全认清需要改变的对象。故 F 项“制定明确的目标是任何努

18、力成功的关键 ” 是对上文的进一步说明 ， 与上文衔接紧密 ， 且照应该段小标题 “Identifyand understand what you want to change. ”符合语境。故选 F。 8C 此处为第三段小标题。根据第三段最后一句“ Find someone who has the kind ofattitude that you want to have ， and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to movebeyond your temporary failures in your

19、journey towards becoming a better person. ”可知 ， C 项“ 寻找一个楷模 ”与其意思一致 ， 适合做该段标题。故选 C 。 9.D 根据该段小标题 Choose the right company.以及空格前的 “ Consider befriending newpeople， especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. ” 可知 ， D 项中的 these kinds of people与空格前的 those who are optim

20、istic and have a healthy attitude towardslife ”相照应。故选 D 。 10. A 此处为最后一段小标题。通读该段内容可知 ， 该段主要告诉我们要相信自己能够 做出改变；该段中的 trust in 和 believe in 是对 A 项中的 Believe 的同义再现。故 A 项概括了 该段大意 ， 适合做标题。故选 A 。 C（2019 郑州市质量预测）Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing

21、computer games could affect a childsperformanee at school. 11 They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce stude nts chances of success in school.More tha n 600 tee nagers betwee n the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. _12 It issaid to be the first ever long term s

22、tudy in Northern Irela nd on the in flue nce of in formati on tech nology on school test results.The study found that tee nagers who played computer games less tha n once a week were moresuccessful in school tha n those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the stude nts who used gaming devices

23、 two or more times a day received pass ing grades on school exams. 13The study found that social media use did not affect school performa nce.Celine McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says thestudy showed no connection between social media and test resul

24、ts. “14 I think thats morebecause social media is part of every childs life .I ts the way they com muni cate .I ts the way they keepin touch with their friends. ”Many pare nts say their childre n are beco ming in creas in gly depe ndent on computergames.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction.

25、15 It suggested that computer games cancausechildren to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in schoolthe n ext day.A.However , the study did not explore addiction.B.The new games are much different from older ones.C.It was clear that social media did

26、nt have any effect.D.It took place over a period of three years from 2019 to 2019.E.That compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.F.Drug addict ion does great harm to their health and performa nce at school.G.Britains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of t

27、he study.本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响青少年的学习成绩。11. G 上文提到，一份新的研究警告说，孩子玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响他在学校的成绩。G 项讲的是英国的一个机构对这项研究的结果进行了报告，承接上文话题，并与下句中的 They show相照应。故选 G。12.D 上文提到，有 600 多名年龄在 14 至 16 岁的青少年参与了这次研究。D 项意为“这 项研究从 2019 年开始，到 2019 年结束，持续了三年”，与上文话题紧密相连，且与下文中 的 “ be the firstever long term study” 照应，符合语境。故选 D

28、。13.E 上文提到，在每天玩两次甚至更多次电脑游戏的学生中，只有 4l%的学生学习成绩过关。E 项提到，很少玩游戏的学生成绩过关的比例达到了77%,与上文话题形成了对比关系，符合语境。故选 E。14.C 上文提到，Celine McStravick 认为这份研究表明，社交媒体和考试结果之间没有联系。空格处为 Celine McStravick 说的话。C 项意为很明显，社交媒体没有任何影响”，与上文话题照应，符合 Celine McStravick 的看法。故选 C。15. A 上文提到，有些父母将玩电脑游戏比喻成毒瘾。 A 项意为“但是，这项研究并没 有对上瘾展开研究”，与上文话题照应，且

29、形成转折关系，符合语境。故选 A。D（2019 太原市模拟）How to get along with your bossIn your career, you may have to report to a manager , the person you call boss. 16 Here are sometips to help you develop an effective relati on ship with your boss.The first step is to develop a positive relatio nship with your boss.Relati

30、 on ships are based on trust.17 Keep timetable commitments （承诺） .Never blindside your manager with surprises that you could havepredicted or preve nted.Keep him/her in formed about your projects and in teract ions with the rest of theorga ni zati on.Tell the boss when youve made an error or one of y

31、our reporting staff has made a mistake. 18_ Liesor efforts to mislead always result in further stress for you as you worry about gett ing“ caught Communi cate daily or weekly to build the relati on ship.Recognize that success at work is not all about you. 19Identify your bosss areas ofweakness or gr

32、eatest challenges and ask what you can do to help.What are your bosss biggest worries?How can your contribution reduce these concerns? Understand your bosss goals and priorities.Placeemphasis in your work to match her priorities.Think in terms of the overall success of your department andcompany , n

33、ot just about your narrow world at work.20 Does he/she like freque nt com muni cati on , aut onom ous（主动的）employees, requests inwriti ng in adva nee of meeti ng , or in formal con versati on as you pass in the hallway? Your bossspreferences are important.The better you understand them , the better y

34、ou will work with him/her.If you sometimes disagree and occasi on ally experie nee an emoti onal reacti on, dont holdhatred.Dont make threats about leaving.Disagreement is fine.You need to come to terms with the factthat your boss has more authority and power tha n you do.A. Value your bosss time.B.

35、Do what you say youll do.C.Identify what he/she values in an employee.D.Cover ups dont con tribute to an effective relatio nship.E.Put your bosss n eeds at the cen ter of your uni verse.F.Lear ning how to read your bosss moods and react ions is also helpful.G.The relati on ship with your boss is imp

36、orta nt for your work success and career progress.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些与老板友好相处的建议。16. G 下文提到，以下是一些有助于你与老板关系融洽的建议。G 项意为“与老板之间的关系对于你工作上的成功和事业上的进步来说很重要”，讲述的是与老板建立好关系的重要性，与下文提出建议形成因果关系 ，符合语境。故选 Go17.B 根据上文可知，关系应建立在信任的基础之上； 根据下文可知 ， 要遵守承诺。B 项意为“做你说过要做的事”，与上下文衔接密切，符合语境。故选 Bo18.D 根据上文可知，如果你或你的汇报人员犯了错误，要告诉老板。D 项

37、意为“隐瞒 不利于发展良好的关系”，与上文话题紧密相连，并照应下文对谎言的不利之处的进一步描述，符合语境。故选 Do19. E 上文提到，要认识到工作上的成功并不仅仅局限于你自己；根据下文可知，确定你老板的弱点或最大挑战，看看自己能帮他做些什么。故E 项“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置”，起过渡作用，照应上文 is not all about you 且与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故选 Eo20.C 此处为该段主题句，根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，要弄清楚老板喜欢 什么样的员工。C 项意为“确定他/她看重员工的哪个方面”，体现了本段的中心，符合语境。 故选 CoE（2019 全国卷n）T

38、rai ning for a marath on requires careful preparati on and steady , gradual in creases in the len gthof the runs. 21, buy the best fitting , best built running shoes you can find.No one can saywhich brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet , so you have to rely on your experienee andon

39、 the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right , walk in them for a fewdays to double check the fit. 22. As always , you should stretch（伸展）at least tenminu tes before each run to preve nt injuries.During the first week, do not think about dista nee, but run five minu te

40、s Ion ger each day. 23_, itis wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week , set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.24. After two weeks , start timing yourself. 25. Depending on the kind of raceyou plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A . After six daysB.For a good maratho