New English for AutomobileUnit 01

1、New English for Automobile课程目的课程目的(Objectives) 听、说、读听、说、读 掌握车辆、交通工程、信息技术等方掌握车辆、交通工程、信息技术等方面的英语专业词汇；面的英语专业词汇； 掌握专业英语句式特点；掌握专业英语句式特点； 掌握翻译的基本技巧；掌握翻译的基本技巧； 能较准确地翻译文章段落，句子含义能较准确地翻译文章段落，句子含义正确，符合中文阅读习惯；正确，符合中文阅读习惯； 能将中文翻译为英文能将中文翻译为英文。课程安排课程安排 授课方式：讲授授课方式：讲授+课后练习课后练习 课上讲授基本知识课上讲授基本知识+布置作业（翻译作布置作业（翻译作业业) 分

2、数比例：平时分数比例：平时50%，期末，期末50% 期末考试：书面考试期末考试：书面考试(专业词汇、阅专业词汇、阅读、翻译读、翻译)为什么教为什么教?为什么学为什么学? 专业外语专业外语-必需的工具；必需的工具； 用英语完成专业工作；用英语完成专业工作； 有感而备，有感而发；有感而备，有感而发； 真实的例子；真实的例子； 实战中学习；实战中学习； 珍惜宝贵的学习机会和时光；珍惜宝贵的学习机会和时光；如何学如何学? 专心听讲专心听讲,认真完成作业。认真完成作业。 熟记专业词汇熟记专业词汇 多读一些自己专业书或资料。多读一些自己专业书或资料。 对缩略语，一定要搞清每个字母的英文含对缩略语，一定要搞

3、清每个字母的英文含义义 多进行翻译练习。多进行翻译练习。Unit 1 Engine OverviewUnit 1 Engine Overview1.engine-发动机发动机 2.antomobile 汽车汽车3. automotive 汽车的汽车的 4.Fuel 燃料燃料5.Cylinder 汽缸汽缸6.Spark 6.Spark 火花火花7.Ignition 7.Ignition 点燃点燃8.Compression 8.Compression 压缩压缩9.Stroke 9.Stroke 冲程，行程冲程，行程10. gasoline 10. gasoline 汽油汽油Passage A Ki

4、nds of EnginesPassage A Kinds of EnginesNew wordsNew wordsPiston 活塞 transmit 传输，转送Efficient 有效率的，效率高的 diesel 柴油机Vehicle 汽车，车辆 sedan 私家轿车，轿车Exhaust 废气，排气 emission 散发，喷射Revolve 旋转 chamber 室，箱Inhale 吸入 compress 压缩Valve 阀，气门 crankshaft 曲轴Horsepower 功率 vibration振动的Consumption 消费，消耗 petroleum 石油Pollution

5、污染 hybrid 混合的High-mile-per-gallon 每加仑行驶里程的Series 串联 parallel并联Battery 蓄电池，电池 Acceleration 加速度Cruise 行车，巡航Recharge 再充电Assistance 协助，帮助Internal combustion engine 内燃（发动）机Reciprocating engine 往复式发动机Rotary engine 转子式发动机Spark ignition engine 压燃点火发动机Alternative engine 代用燃料发动机Water-cooled/liquid-cooled engi

6、ne 水冷式发动机Front wheel 前轮Phrases and Expressions Rear wheel 后轮 Air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机 Diesel engine 柴油发动机 Heavy vehicle 重型车 Family sedan 私家车 Four-stroke cycle 四行程循环 Exhaust emission 废气排放 Mass production 大规模生产 Combustion chamber 燃烧室 Ignition system 点火系 Connecting rod 连杆 Fuel consumption 燃料消耗 Air poll

7、ution 空气污染 Alternative-fuel vehicle 代用燃料汽车 Flexible-fuel vehicle 柔性燃料汽车 Dual-fuel vehicle 双燃料汽车 Advanced-technology vehicle 高科技汽车 Power train 动力传动系 Drive train system 传动系 Fuel economy 燃油经济性 Gas station 加油站 Hybrid-electric vehicle 混合动力电动车 Electric motor电动机 Battery pack蓄电池组 Passage A Kinds of Engine T

8、he engine is the heart of an automobile. The purpose of an automotive engine is to convert fuel into the energy that moves the automobile .Therefore ,an automotive engine is an internal combustion engine , which burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into

9、rotary force used to drive the automobile. There are several types of internal combustion engines classified as reciprocating or rotary engine ;spark ignition or compression ignition engine ;and alternative-fuel engine or hybrid-electric vehicle.Reciprocating Engine The most familiar combination is

10、the reciprocating ,spark-ignited, four-stroke gasoline engine ,shown in fig 1-1a.The modern automobile is usually driven by a water-cooled ,piston-type internal combustion engine ,mounted in the front of the automobile ; its power may be transmitted either to the front wheels, to the rear wheels ,or

11、 to all four wheels .Some automobile use air-cooled engines, but these are generally less efficient than the liquid-cooled type. The other main type of reciprocating engine is the diesel engine ,which is employed both for heavy vehicles, such as trucks and buses ,and for a small number of family sed

12、ans, Both diesel and gasoline engine generally employ four stroke cycle.Rotary Engine A rotary internal combustion engine ,also called Wankel engine ,developed by Felix Wankel of Germany in 1954,might provide an alternative to the reciprocating internal combustion engine because of its low exhaust e

13、missions an feasibility for mass production .In this engine a three-sided turns, see Fig 1-2.Fuel is inhaled ,compressed ,and fired by the ignition system .The expanding gas turns the rotor and the exhausted gas is expelled ,shown in 1-3. The rotary engine has no valves ,piston ,connecting rods ,rec

14、iprocating parts ,or crankshaft. It develops a high horsepower ,and essentially ,produces no vibration ,but its fuel consumption is higher than that of the conventional piston engine.Alternative-fuel Engine Internal combustion engines consume relatively high amounts of petroleum, and contribute heav

15、ily to air pollution ;therefore ,other types of fuels and non-conventional engines are being studied and developed. EXERCISESEXERCISE 11. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. TEXERCISE 21. 内燃机 2. a reciprocating engine 3. 废气排放 4. fuel consumption 5. 燃油经济性 6. combustion chamber 7. 混合动力汽车 8. mass production 9. 双燃

16、料汽车 10. air-cooled engine EXERCISE 31. A diesel engine 2. internal combustion engine 3. diesel engine 4. converts into5. in a reciprocating engine 6. engine 7. four strokes cycle 8. electric enginesEXERCISES EXERCISE 4 1. C 2. F 3. A 4. B 5. E 6. D EXERCISE 51. diesel engines, in many respects, work

17、 in the same way as gasoline engines 2. makes the car and the truck move 3. every time it was required to stop the car 4. Some of parts make the car more comfortable or better looking 5. if allowed to remain in the enginePassage B Engine types and Operating PrinciplesNew words Identify 识别，确定Configur

18、ation 配置，构造，结构，外形Flat 平直的，仰卧的Horizontal 水平的Arrangement 排列，安排Vibration 振动，颤动Identical 同一的，同样的Bank 组，列Commonly 一般地Advantage 优势Rigidity 坚硬，硬度Distortion 扭曲Resistance 抵抗力，阻力Torsional 扭力的，扭转的Installation 安装，装置Vertical 垂直的，直立的Suitable 适当的，相配的Smoothness 平滑，柔滑，光滑Characteristic 特性，特征Cycle 周期，循环Approach 方法，步骤I

19、llustrate 图解，阐明Trap 收集，留住，截留Phrases and ExpressionsMulti-cylinder engine 多缸发动机In-line engine 直列式发动机V-type engine V型发动机Flat engine 顶置式发动机Balancer shaft 平衡轴End-to-end 衔接的，两端相连的Lend oneself to 帮助，有助于，适宜于Compression ratio 压缩比Torsional vibration 扭转振动Manufacturing cost 制造成本Intake stroke 进气行程Compression st

20、roke压缩行程Power stroke 做功行程Exhaust stroke 排气行程In honor of 以纪念。Intake valve 进气阀Air-fuel mixture 空气燃油混合气Exhaust valve 排气阀Spark plug 火花塞Burned gas 废气EXERCISES EXERCISE 6 We configuration would have been never realized if not the invention of VR6. Audi had been researching its own W-engines for years but

21、eventually pulled out the plug. I remember sources said it failed to solve the exhaust/ ventilation problems . It was basically formed by 3 banks of 4-cylinder in-line. The problem was how to run the exhaust pipe or the center bank without overheating the surrounding and without wasting too much space.EXERCISE 6 It seems that V