案例—伯尔克造纸公司ppt课件

1、Uni案例：伯尔克造纸公司南方造纸公司北方子公司汤姆森子公司伯尔克造纸公司西方造纸公司埃里造纸4804304322801202800.6=1685230Unit 6: Market Structure and Perfect Competition Market Structure and Degree of Competition Perfect Competition Short-Run Analysis of a Perfectly Competitive Firm Long-Run Analysis of a Perfectly Competitive Firm General Equ

2、ilibrium of Perfect CompetitionMarket Structure and Degree of Competition A Market consists of all the actual and potential buyers and sellers of a particular product. Market Structure refers to the competitive environment in which the buyers and sellers of the product operate.Four Types of Market S

3、tructure Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly Imperfect CompetitionDegree of CompetitionPerfect Competition is the form of market organization in which (1)there are many buyers and sellers of a product, each too small to affect the price of the product; (2)the product is h

4、omogeneous; (3)there is perfect mobility of resources; and (4)economic agents have perfect knowledge of market condition. Monopoly is the form of market organization in which : a single firm sells a product for which there are no close substitutes. Entry into the industry is very difficult or imposs

5、ible.Monopolistic Competition refers to the case where There are many sellers of a differentiated product and Entry into or exit from the industry is rather easy in the long run.Oligopoly is the case where There are few sellers of a homogeneous or differentiated product; While entry into the industr

6、y is possibly, it is not easy (as evidenced by the small number of firm in the industry).Under perfect competition,the firm is a price taker MarketOne Firmq(unit)Q(104unit)p=constantFirms behaviors under perfect competition Max = TR TC, the first order condition: d dQ=d(TR)dQd(TC)dQ= 0 ; orMR=MC ; s

7、ince TR = p Q so, MR = p and p = MCconstantShort-Run supply curve of a firm under perfect competition P = MCi Si = Si(p) = MC-1(p); Si(p) = P ATC; 0, Si(p) 0P ATC; AVC, Si(p) 0P -TFC停产: pQTFCTVC MC 当P AC时经济利润存在 会吸引其它厂商进入些行业ACMCDMRPMQM 短期情况短期情况垄断竞争的长期平衡垄断竞争的长期平衡 新厂商的进入争夺消费者 需求曲线向内挪动 结果 MR = MC (与垄断一样) P = AC (与完全竞争一样) 长期利润为零 (与完全竞争一样) 达不到平均本钱曲线的最低点 (与垄断一样)ACDDPQMCMR垄断竞争厂商的 短期与长期平衡Effects of Advertising in Monopolistic CompetitionARMRMRARMCACACp1p0Q0Q110A Rule of Expenditure of Advertising = pQ(p,A) C(Q) A; the op