SAP工作流基础知识

1、ERPERP项目组内部培训项目组内部培训-WorkFlow-WorkFlow基础知识篇（一）基础知识篇（一）20102010年年0808月月1313日日 Content Content 内容内容1.What is SAP Business Workflow? 什么是SAP业务工作流2.Introduction to Workflow Terminology 介绍工作流术语3.Advantages of Using Workflow 运用工作流的优点Objectives 目标1. Describe SAP Business Workflow concepts 描述SAP业务工作流的概念2. Ou

2、tline the circumstances under which SAP Business Workflow can be used effectively 描述什么样的情况下能有效地使用SAP业务工作流3. Define the basic SAP Business Workflow terminology 解释基本的SAP业务工作流术语Goals of Reorganizing Business Processes使用工作流达到的目标：使用工作流达到的目标：增加流程的透明性，增加雇员的职责，关注客户的兴趣，增加流程的透明性，增加雇员的职责，关注客户的兴趣，更高效的管理，关注流程的最终

3、结果。更高效的管理，关注流程的最终结果。Covers all aspects of the process流程涵盖的各个方面流程涵盖的各个方面The Process flow itself (Business)The Process flow itself (Business)业务流程本身业务流程本身The People invovled (Organization)The People invovled (Organization)流程涉及的人员流程涉及的人员The effects (Process Information)The effects (Process Information)流

4、程结果流程结果SAP Businiss Workflow A Workflow Management System facilitates theelectronic processing of structured processes which:Include a range of activitiesAlways occur in a similar or identical form Involve several people or departmentsRequire a high degree of coordination Workflow Management Systems

5、 control processes according to a predefined model and are especially suited to structured organizations工作流管理中，一些结构流程符合：流程包括一系列的活动，流程是相似的或者相同的，需要多个人员或者部门的高度的协调性 工作流管理通过预先定义的模板和合适的组织架构控制流程What Processes are Particularly Suitable for SAP Business Workflow ?nFaster ,simpler access to information 快速，简单的

6、访问信息nAdministrative tasks are less demanding 对管理任务有更少的要求nProcesses are easier to learn and understand 流程更简单易学,易懂Workflow : Advantages for End UsersnFlexible in changingof processes Organizational structure流程，组织架构的灵活变化Workflow Benefits for ManagementnBetter controlof informationof deadlinesof service

7、 levelsof processing costs对信息，最后期限，服务水平，流程花销等有更好的控制nIncrease productionClearing backlogDistribution of information and work:Every user gets his worklist automatically from the systemnSpeed up processesyou will get cash discount more oftenbetter/quicker reaction to errorsnCustomers are more satisfied

8、processes are more quickly finishedbetter information flow增加生产：及时清空积压，每个用户从系统中自动获得工作项增加生产：及时清空积压，每个用户从系统中自动获得工作项加快流程：经常获得折扣，对错误信息的快速反应加快流程：经常获得折扣，对错误信息的快速反应顾客的满意度增加：流程更快速的完成，更优化的流程信息顾客的满意度增加：流程更快速的完成，更优化的流程信息Workflow: Advantages for EnterprisesnSimply document managing,Standard e-mail and groupwareS

9、imply document managing,Standard e-mail and groupware although Workflow uses both! although Workflow uses both! nData distribution across multiple systems: EDI / ALE is used for this Data distribution across multiple systems: EDI / ALE is used for this purpose, but Workflow can support this option!p

10、urpose, but Workflow can support this option!nScreen sequence management within a transaction Screen sequence management within a transaction nManagement of temporary data Management of temporary data nManagement of Management of “one timeone time” processes processes nA tool to fill functionality g

11、aps!A tool to fill functionality gaps!Workflow Is Not!简单文件，标准的简单文件，标准的e-maile-mail和和groupwaregroupware，工作流只能运用这些信息。不，工作流只能运用这些信息。不能对这些文件进行管理能对这些文件进行管理数据跨系统的分配：数据跨系统的分配：EDI/ALEEDI/ALE能跨系统传递数据，但是工作流不能。能跨系统传递数据，但是工作流不能。通过事物代码对屏幕的一系列操作进行管理通过事物代码对屏幕的一系列操作进行管理管理临时的数据管理临时的数据执行一次流程的管理执行一次流程的管理补充补充SAPSAP功能的工

12、具（如果一个功能的工具（如果一个FCFC不能直接执行，那么用工作流就不不能直接执行，那么用工作流就不能执行这个能执行这个FCFC）nTo Streamline a Business Process 使业务流程的效率更高效nEnsure Correct Business Processes are Followed 确保执行正确的业务流程nFormally Define and Implement a Business Process 更加严谨的确定和执行一个业务流程SAP Business Workflows PurposeObjectAgentTaskRoleStepEventWorkflo

13、wWorkitemBusinessWorkplaceSAP Business Workflow TerminologyFive Questions for Each Part of a Business ProcessWho Should?Do What?With What Objects?When?In What Order?In What Order?Consists of stepsCan be triggered by events工作流由步骤组成，并由工作流由步骤组成，并由事件触发事件触发Workflow Definition Controls the Business Proces

14、s 通过工作流模块来控制业务通过工作流模块来控制业务流程流程What?nActivity/TaskExecute a TransactionExecute a ReportExecute a Function ModuleRun a Routine in an External SystemUpdate a Spreadsheet nDocument generationnUser decisionnautomatic control stepsEvent活动或任务：执行一个事物、一个报表、活动或任务：执行一个事物、一个报表、一个函数模块，运行一个外部系统的程一个函数模块，运行一个外部系统的程

15、序，更新一个电子数据表等序，更新一个电子数据表等文件生成文件生成用户决定用户决定自动控制步骤自动控制步骤What and with What Object:Object Type ExamplenSAP Business Object typesInvoiceRequisitionMaterialArchived documentsEDI messages (IDocs)Documents from PC office applicationsnObject Methods (Do What?)Post (the invoice)Approve (the requisition)Change

16、(the material)Display (the image)SAP SAP 业务对象：业务对象：发票，申请，物料，归档文件，电子发票，申请，物料，归档文件，电子数据交换信息，数据交换信息，PCPC应用中的文件应用中的文件对象方法（对对象进行的操作）：对象方法（对对象进行的操作）：开（发票），同意（申请），修改（开（发票），同意（申请），修改（物料），显示（文件）物料），显示（文件）WhoTasks and Possible Agents WHO:To Decide who Should Receive a Work Item and Perform a TaskWHO:To Decide

17、 who Should Receive a Work Item and Perform a TaskA list of possible agents is required for a task .This list contains the employees in your enterprise who are authorized to receive this work item.The actual recipients of the work item are determined at runtime.You do not have to have HR for the rel

18、ationships with organizational objects .The functions are provided with the Basis system .谁：决定谁收到代办事项并执行任务谁：决定谁收到代办事项并执行任务一个任务需要一系列可能的代理人。这些人包括企业中有一个任务需要一系列可能的代理人。这些人包括企业中有权收到该待办事项的雇员。权收到该待办事项的雇员。在工作项执行时决定实际的收件人。在工作项执行时决定实际的收件人。WHEN?out-come3out-come1out-come2EventOutcomeshows the warious results of

19、 a stepTells the workflow that something has happenedWorkflow can be started (triggering event)Step can be ended (terminating event)Wait step for reacting to an eventStep type Event creator工作流何时启动，何时触发，工作流何时启动，何时触发，何时审批，何时结束何时审批，何时结束显示一个步骤的不同结果显示一个步骤的不同结果Introduction: Section SummarynActive flow of

20、informationto the right peopleat the right timein the right format in the right quantitynA Better Return on Information一个激活的流程信息：在正确的时间，以正确的方式，一个激活的流程信息：在正确的时间，以正确的方式，以适当的数量，发给正确的人。以适当的数量，发给正确的人。更好的结果信息更好的结果信息Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构 Contents:内容nOrganizational Management 组织架构的管理nHR Set Up HR

21、的建立nSimple Maintenance 简单维护nPositions 职位Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Organizational StructureAt the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:在这部分结束，将学到：nSet up an Organization Plan 建立一个组织架构nConnect the Organization Plan to a workflow 组织架构和工作流的连接Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Unit Objectives

22、nThe workflow system finds the agents of the individual tasks by evaluating the organizational plan 工作流系统通过评估组织架构找到每个任务的代理人nYou must look for options on how to relate each step to your organization 找到怎样连接工作流的每个步骤与组织架构的方法nHR has created a current organizational structure of your company HR已经在企业中创建好了一

23、个组织架构nYou must build the connection from this organizational structure to your workflow 必须建立组织结构和你的工作流的一个连接Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Organizational Structure: Business ScenarioOrganizational Structure组织架构组织架构Organizational Plann SAP HR Terminology using a job advertisement in a newspaper as an

24、 example 利用报纸上的一个职位招聘广告解释SAP HR术语nIntegration of organizational managementTask distribution according to responsibility :Linking tasks with possible agents on description level oriented to “jobs”Dynamic task distribution at runtime :Determination of recipients based on information from the context o

25、f the workflow and the objects processedActive determination of the “correct” recipients and providing them with the information requirednHigh degree of transparency of business processes and their responsibilitiesOrganizational Structure组织架构组织架构Integration of Organizational Management组织管理的一体化根据职责对任

26、务进行分配：以职务为导向连接任务和可能的代理人；运行时动态分配任务:依据工作流的背景和对象流程信息决定收件人；活动或者任务决定正确的代理人并提供给他们想要的信息业务流程和职责的高度透明性Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Example for an Organizational Chart部门内部的业务流程和跨公司的业务流程部门内部的业务流程和跨公司的业务流程Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Basic HR Definition for WorkflowIn Organizational Management, Simple Mai

27、ntenance enables you to quickly create your In Organizational Management, Simple Maintenance enables you to quickly create your initial organizational plan.You only cater forinitial organizational plan.You only cater forThe basic objects and their relationships.The basic objects and their relationsh

28、ips.在组织管理中，简单维护能快速在组织管理中，简单维护能快速的创建一个基本的组织结构。的创建一个基本的组织结构。这只符合最基本的目标和关系。这只符合最基本的目标和关系。Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Creating an Organizational Plan in Simple Maintenance（ earlier release ）Create Organizational Unit ,Create Positions ,Assign TasksCreate Organizational Unit ,Create Positions ,Assign

29、 TasksOrganizational Structure组织架构组织架构Navigation OverviewObjects:organizational units ,persons,jobs,positions,tasks,usersObjects:organizational units ,persons,jobs,positions,tasks,usersUse the search area to locate objects. Search also via relationships with other objects and sore results as favorit

30、e variants.Results of search appear here for selection. Double-click desired object to bring it into Overview Area.See overview in either list mode or as a tree structure. Double-click to reach further object characteristics in Detail Area.In the Overview area you can switch between the oganizationa

31、l structure and the staffing plan of one organizational unit.Characteristics of the object in Overview Area can be maintained here. Tab strips identify and group similar data.Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构UndoChanges cannot be undone once the data has been stored in the database.Changes cannot be

32、undone once the data has been stored in the database.Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构PositionsPositions are specific to your organization.Multiple positions may perform similar job tasks.Each position typically represents one employee, but may be partially filled by more than one.职位在组织架构中是具体的，但是职务不是

33、。职位在组织架构中是具体的，但是职务不是。多个职位可以执行相同职务的工作。多个职位可以执行相同职务的工作。每个职位下面挂一个人，每个职位下面挂一个人，但是也有一个职位下挂好几个人的情况。但是也有一个职位下挂好几个人的情况。n事务码：PPOCE创建一个新的根组织单元，然后创建一个子级别的组织单元，或者创建一个职位。Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Release 4.6B: Creating a Position nJobs are independent of prganizational units.n Positions are connected direc

34、tly to an organizational unit .Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Release 4.6B: Creating a New Job Release 4.6B: Assigning a User Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构把创建好的职位分配给具体的人把创建好的职位分配给具体的人Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构Assignment Workflow Tasks-Organizational Objects注意：一个用户被定义成可能的代理人，才可能在工作流运行时收到注意：

35、一个用户被定义成可能的代理人，才可能在工作流运行时收到待办事项；通过任务维护分配工作流任务给组织对象是最好的方法。待办事项；通过任务维护分配工作流任务给组织对象是最好的方法。Organizational Structure: Unit SummaryIntegration of organizational Management into SAP Business Workflow SAP业务工作流中的组织架构的一体化管理Transparency of business processes and their responsibilities 业务流程和职责的透明性Dynamic task d

36、istribution at runtime执行时动态分配任务High flexibility with regard to organizational changes组织架构改变的高度灵活性Organizational Structure组织架构组织架构 Workflow TemplatesContents: 内容nWorkflow templates in applications 工作流模板的应用nWorkflow and template documentation 工作流和模板文件At the conclusion of this Section, you will be able

37、 to:在这部分内容中，将学到：nFind workflow templates using the structure search 通过结构搜索查找工作流模板nCall workflow template help documentation 查找工作流模板帮助文件nSpecify the steps for adapting an SAP workflow template 描述SAP工作流模板的各个步骤Workflow Templates:Unit ObjectivesSAP Delivered Workflow Templates Structure Search与模板有关事务码：与

38、模板有关事务码：模板创建：模板创建：PFTC_INSPFTC_INS模板修改：模板修改：PFTC_CHGPFTC_CHG模板显示：模板显示：PFTC_DISPFTC_DIS模板复制：模板复制：PFTC_COPPFTC_COP模板删除：模板删除：PFTC_DELPFTC_DELSAP Delivered Workflow Templates DocumentationFI:Approval of Parked DocumentsMM: Purchase Requisition ApprovalHR: Notification of AbsenceAdapting TemplatesnIdenti

39、fy business process to be supported by SAP Business Workflow 以SAP业务工作流为支撑确认业务流程nConfigure the workflow runtime and development system 配置工作流的运行和开发环境nSelect template that corresponds to your requirements 根据需求选择合适的模板nCreate organizational plan 创建组织单元nDefine possible task agents 确定可能的任务代理人nLink tasks to

40、 the organizational plan 任务和组织架构的连接nActivate event linkage for your workflow 激活工作流的事务连接（事务连接事务码：SWETYPV）Business Process Leave ApprovalWhen someone creates a notification of absenceProcess: Department head decides whether to approve requestIf approved, request is released by HRCreator can cancel at

41、any timeIf not approved, request creator decides to withdraw or changeIf request is to be changed, it is returned to creator for updateScenario is repeated if changes are madeGain management and end user approval before continuing!Gain management and end user approval before continuing!Use Template1

42、. Assign agents2. Activate relevant events3. Adapt information text I. Using template without enhancement . Configure a template1. Change agents2. Maintain information texts3. Schedule deadline monitoring一一. .运用一个没有增强的模板：分配代理人，运用一个没有增强的模板：分配代理人，激活关联的事件，编写文本信息激活关联的事件，编写文本信息二二. .配置一个模板：修改代理人，维护文配置一个模板

43、：修改代理人，维护文本信息，设定最后期限监控本信息，设定最后期限监控Configuring a Template from the IMGnEach template from the Implementation Guide requires some application-specific Customizing 每个模板都需要满足用户的某些特殊需求nWorkflow scenario documentation tells you what configuration is required 工作流的实际业务流程告诉我们模板需要根据需要修改Steps are different for

44、 each template 每个模板的步骤都是不一样的Steps are in the section of the IMG where you carry out the application configuration 执行模板的步骤时需要根据需求修改 Business WorkplaceContents:内容：nUse of Business Workplace 使用业务工作台Business Workplace : ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this section, you will be able to: 在这部分内容中，将学到：nUse t

45、he features and functionality of the Business Workplace for workflow activity and monitoring of work items 利用业务工作台的特性和功能执行工作流活动和监控工作项Business Workplace: Business ScenarionThe end-user interface of a workflow is the worklist of the Business Workplace 最终用户界面中的工作流就是业务工作台中的工作项nYou must accommodate the d

46、ifferent requirements from all users 要考虑到所有用户的不同需求nTherefore, you want to learn about Business Workplace handling 因此，首先需要熟悉业务工作台的操作Worklist as Interface for End User业务工作台是业务工作台是SAPSAP业务工作流运行环境的一部分。雇员在业务业务工作流运行环境的一部分。雇员在业务工作台里面接收到文件和待办事项。工作台里面接收到文件和待办事项。OverviewtreeAutomaticgroupingSpecial work items

47、Task descriptionWork item textTips/TricksRelatedobjectsWork itempreviewWorklistBusiness Workplace in R/3（SBWP）ExecuteForward（转发）（转发）Resubmit（重新提交）（重新提交）Replace（替代）（替代）Reserve(保留保留)DisplayDisplayattachmentCreateattachmentBusiness Workplace - WorklistWork Item DisplayNo technical details can be seenAttractive appearance and clearstructure improve acceptancefrom usersAttachments appear immediately and can be