2014年中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及配套试题

1、2014 年中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及配套试题 首字母填空 给首字母填空类短文题是近几年来各地中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分 差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要 求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给， 所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。 可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读全文，利用上下文提供的有关信息，再仔细阅读相 关句子，判断所缺单词的句子

2、成分，才能完成练习。完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力。要 做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。 不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到理想的训练效果，为了帮助同学们解决燃眉之急，在平时的教学中我采用了下 面的“台阶式 ”教学法，而且经过试验，我发现这确实是比较有效的方法之一，对提高学生的解题能力很有帮助。具体做法如下： Stepl :掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习， 掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。 (1) 对主语的判断 1. _

3、are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favorite sport. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词( 1-3 );动

4、词不能直接用作 主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4 -5)。此外，形容词前加 the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。 例如： The rich are not always happy. 句中 the rich 指“有钱人 ”，因此可以作主语。 What I wanted was just your help. 句中 What I wanted 是一个带有连词 what 的句子，因此也可以作主语。 (2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c _ over to him. “ My boy, ” she

5、 a _ , “ Is your father a “ Yes, ” a _ John. The woman b _ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t _ ckbato John and s _ angrily, “Didnt you s _ that your father was at home? ” “I did ”, answered John, “but this i _ Key: 分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中

6、不能缺。当一个主谓结构 中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的 基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些 “用动词的适当形式填空 ”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。 (3) 对宾语的判断 1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. The front is in great need of medical _ .( work )

7、3. Thank you for your _ . ( kind ) 4. At last he sold his _ . ( invent ) Key: 1. 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须 用其宾格。 (4) 对表语的判断 1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _ . ( ill ) 3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he gr

8、ows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. ( usually ) 5. It s a _ to have a picnic with alhl et members. ( please ) Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词 , 介词短语。如果是动词 的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do

9、,doing 或 done 的形式。 (5) 对定语的判断 1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4. The French artist said, “ It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love thi

10、s city so much. ( one ) 5. Most people dont like _ food. ( freeze ) 6. Who is your _teacher? ( chemical ) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry 分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修 饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如： stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词 的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing

11、 或 done 的形式。 (6) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2. Watch _ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1

12、) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况 的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (7) 对连词的判断 1. Work harder, _ you ll make great progress in English. 2. My job is to protect the innocent _ find the guilty. 3. _ you _ he can go to the cinema,

13、but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket. 4. Can you tell me _ you are from? 5. I ll give you a call _ I get to Japan. Key: (1)and (2) as well as (3) Either or (4) where (5) as soon as 分析：在英语中 ,并列连词 and, but, or, so , not only but also, either or, neither nor, as well a等连接并列的词 an,d

14、词组和句子 ; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。 Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的 用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对句子 成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为 猜谜”的能力。 Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. _ are helpful to students. 2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. _ are helpful to students. I

15、n class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. _ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案, 1-4均为 Teachers，全部解完后再思考，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有 Teacher 按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要合乎逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现 Books 也可，继而得出结论： 一切有益于学生 的复数名词均为正确答案，如： Exercises、Doctors、Poli

16、ce、Parents”。第二题受后一句 knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如： Teachers Books，第三题限制更多，从 “ care for 判断主语只能是人，即：Teachers。第四题受 healthy 的限制，最好填 Doctors / Nurses。 以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能： 1. 对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。 2. 必须训练自己扩散性思维能力，如同猜谜，因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。 3. 良好的语法基本功。在确定完词性与词义后，名词单复数、形容词的比较等级和动词时态的确

17、定等等建立在良好的语法基 本功之上。 Step4：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l _ the school soon. The s _ in his class have given h _ a lot of p _ . Among t _ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m _ by the students themselves. Photos will h _ Mr. Wu remember the happy t

18、_ when he was with his students. Next week, t _ will have a p _ to s _ goodbye to him. 分析：通读短文以后发现 Mr. Wu 是一位老师。从 old 可推断他不久要退休了 ,所以 “l _ 应”为谓语动词 leaving ; “ s_是_第”三句的主语 , 结合 have 判断为 students; “ h 是_g”ive 的宾语, 判断为 him ; “ p _ 勺内容是 cards, note-books，所以判断为名词 presents; “t 是介词 among 的宾语，应为 them ; “ m _

19、 处于 be done by 的结构中，应为过去分词 made; “ h _ 位于情态动词 will 之后，应为动词原形 help; “t 是remember 的宾语，并且 受到 happy 的修饰应为 time；“t _ ”是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they; “ p _ 是 have的宾语，前面有冠词，所以是名词 party ； “ s _ 前有 to,分析成分为目的状语 to do即 to say。 Step5：熟能生巧阶段。要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。 例如： 【2011上海】 D. Read the passage

20、 and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格内填入适当的次 ,使其内容通顺 . 每空 格限填一词 , 首字母已给 ): ( 14分) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than mo

21、st people could afford. However, modem technology has c 92 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then

22、 start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don t even need

23、 to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need so

24、meone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. 【主旨大意】 文章指出，随着生活水平和现代科技的提高，人们自己制作一部电影已经不再是什么稀罕的事。文章指出要制作一部优秀的 电影，除了优秀演员之外，还需要有一个好的剧本，这是电影成功的保证。 92. changed 【解析】上文提到在过去，制作一部电影是一件十分昂贵的事，只有少数人和电影公司才能干。然而现在随着 时间的推移，现代科技将这一切都改变了，故填 changed； 93. much 【解析】本句意为 “现在一部相机花费

25、并不多 ”，价格大多数人都能坦然接受，故填 much; 94. tiring 【解析】该句意为 “然而，电影制作是一件很累人的事 ”， work 是不可数名词，故要说 tiring work ，不能加 a; 95. population 【解析】下文中都是在谈论电影中的那些男女演员，加上谓语动词是单数，故应填 population ； 96. besides 【解析】上边提到了演员，下边接着讲述应该要有剧本，故填 besides； 97. character【解析】这个地方讲 如果你的想象力丰富，那么你就能够创作出一个具有吸引力的人物， ”,故答案填 character; 98. succes

26、sful 【解析】该句意为 “一个优秀的故事是电影成功的关键 ”，故答案填 successful; 实战练习 （一） Do you have a pet? Are you i _ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be animal doctors. They re often c _ “vets ” . Many of them work in animal h _ . Others may work toan farms or a z _ . Some study

27、animal diseases and try to find w _ to keep the animals from getting i _ . They do studies in m _ for animals. Vets listen to an animal s h _ . The检查 ecks（ears, eyes, mouth and blood. They o _ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots （注射） and tell the pet s o _ what food is best

28、. （二） Dear Tom: Are you surprised to hear from me? I have not heard from you s _ the beginning of the summer h _ . How are you getting on with your s _ ? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b _ f _ Canada yet? My stamp collection is g _ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than

29、forty d _ countries. In my stamp books. I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen-friend from Britain. She gave me some B_ sta mps . My American teacher has given me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. I m glad to know you are going to give me some foreign stamps

30、, but I still have not r _ the stamps of Nepal which you said to p _ me. Have you sent them off yet? Please write to me. Have you sent them off yet? Yours Zhou Wen （三） When Martin was a small boy, he lived in the little town of Holtham. Then he thought the town was a big p _ . Well, Martin went back

31、 to Holtham last wee k. “It s a small town! ” he thought. Holtham has changed little during the p _ forty years. B _ Martin has changed a lot. He has g _ into a man. He is now in m _ l ife . His thoughts are a man s thouthgihntgss, athnrdouhgehsaeems eyes. Martin s _ in Holtham for five years. He wa

32、lked from street t _ street. He could see no friends. Was Holtham, then, a town of strangers? No, Martin suddenly u _ it all. Only he h _ was a stranger in the town. （四） I got an answering machine for my birthday and I soon realized （意识到） what a u _ machine this is. I am not at home m _ of the day,

33、so someone can leave a message and I can ring them b_ . They have no way to say they c _ get in touch with （ 联系） me. S _ when I am at home and have work to do, the phone never s _ . Now I put the machine on. I am not troubled. So I can do a lot m _ work. There are some people I j _ do not want to ta

34、lk to. So I put the machine on and I don t have to s_ to 总之）,lnlconclusion（ really don t know how I lived w _ th is wonderful machine. （五） Near the North Pole （北极） there are two s _ , winter and summer. The winter nights are long. For more t _ two months, you can t s _ the sun, e _ at noon. The summ

35、er days are also long. For motrweothan months, the sun n _ goes down and there are no n _ . The people there have warm clothes. They make most of these clothes by t _ . They make them from the skins （皮） of a _ . From skins they make coats and hats and even shoes. In this cold weather, trees can _ .

36、The peoptleg_th_e_r_e have to build their houses from skins, earth or snow. Life is h _ for the people there. （六） How do you like to go to school like one in Oxford（ 牛津大学 ）, England ? There are no r _ classes. The students go from one group to a _ when they want to. You may find students of fourteen

37、, sixteen or twenty-five years old all in the s _ group. They work at their o _ studies. Nobody tells them what they should or shouldn t be doi The day I visited, school b_ at nine. Some students were working at a tape recorder and listening to their lessons. Others were watching TV on maths. A grou

38、p was reading in the school l _ . I didn t see anybody just sit doing n _ . Everybody was studying. At lunch time I could see students w_ , too. They were talking about their lessons while they were e _ . When you think of these students you can be sure it is one of the best s _ in the world. One da

39、y when Nasreddin was having a bath, he began to s _ . The bathroom was small with a stone floor. His song was very b _ , he thought. “Oh”,he said, “I sing very well. I will sing to o_ peoplea, ntodom, aybe I ll be a famous s _ , and most people will want to hear me. ” So after his bath Nasreddin wen

40、t up onto the roof （屋顶） of the house and began to sing his song very l _ . A man was w _ in front of the house and he h _ Nasreddin, he said, “What are you doing? You are m _ a terrible noise. Nobody wants to hear it. ” “Oh, you think so, don t you? ” answered Nasreddin, “ Well, I r _ sing very beau

41、tifully. Come to my batlhl room and you hear h _ beautiful I can sing. ” （八） One day Mike was playing near a river. S _ his knife fell into the river. He felt very sad because the knife was g _ to him by his father as a birthday present, but it was lost. Then all at once, a k _ old woman came up and

42、 asked Mike what was the m _ . “I had lost my knife, ” he said, “ it fell into the water when I was playing here. ” The old woman s _ him a gold （ 金） knife and asked, “is this y _ ? ” “No.” said the boy. The old woman then showed him a silver （ 银） knife and asked a _ , “Is this yours? ” “No”, again

43、answered the boy. Then she showed him an iron （铁） knife. “Yes, that s mine, ” c _ out the happy boy. “I know it well e _ said the old woman. “ Now I will give you the gold knife and the silver knife b _ you are an hon 诚实的）boy. ” （九） Tom liked to play at school. He had not been doing w _ in the exam.

44、 So the a _ teacher decided to ask his father to come to school to have a t _ with him. When his father came, the teacher said to him, rk hard, “andYour son didn e _ worse, he cheated 作弊）in the exam. ” “ How do you l _ it? ” Toms father saidT.om has“thSeinsc_e _ answer as the girl s. The girl sits n

45、ext to him. The teacher said. Then the father said, “ Then m _ the girl copied my son s answer. ” “Oh no! There are ten questions on the paper. Your son s answer t_n_i_n_e_q_u_e_stthioenfsirsatre just the same as the g _ . To the last question the girl answered, I don t know . And your son write N _

46、 do I ”. （十） A shop owner c _ his shop and went home. He was very t _ ,but j _ as he went to bed, the telephone rang . A man asked, “What time do you o _ your shop? ” The shop owner was u _ about this phone call. He put down the receiver（听筒）without a_ and went back to bed. A few minutes later the te

47、lephone rang again and the man asked the s _ question. The shop owner became very angry and shouted, “ You needn t ask me when I open the shop, f _ I won t let you i _ . ” “Oh, no, I don t want to get in, ” the man sagiod,o _ “_I_w_a_n_t_t.o ” 实战练习答案： 1. interested , called, hospitals, zoo, ways, il

48、l, medicine ,heart, operate , owner 2. since, holidays, studies, back, from, getting, different, British , received, post 3. place, past, But, grown, middle, man s, sdtearysetodo,dto,huimnself 4. useful, most, back, can t, stops, more, just, speak, without 6. real, another, same, own, began, library

49、, nothing, working, eating, schools 7. sing, beautiful, other, singer, loudly, walking, heard, making, really, how 8. Suddenly, given, kind, matter, showed, yours, again, cried, enough, because 9. well. Angry, talk, even, learn, same, maybe, to, girl s, Neither. 10. closed, tired, just, open, unhapp

50、y, answering, same, for, in, out 中考英语首字母填空技巧 1. 通读短文（对大意有个了解，而不是盲目的去做。学会跳读，对于不理解的地方可以暂时略过不去管它。） 2. 认真分析，填写单词 （在了解大意的情况下，我们开始一边读一边做题。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，对于生词可以根据上下文的 意思进行猜测。）（留心找岀关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。） （1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如【 08 年和平】 W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked hi

51、m very much.从句意我们就知道是 在他的帮助下”，with his help. （2） 依据语法知识进行填词：如【08年和平】It was a l earlier.从句中的 earlier 可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会 想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有 a,那肯定就是 little. （3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：如【 08 年和平】 But it was too late. Hi s friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S . ” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都

52、没说，只说了一个字 “S .我们根据常识肯定是向 他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填 sorry. （4） 依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如【 08 年和平】One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend s housnappily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意， Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填 pic

53、k. 4. 细心检查 （检查填写的单词形式和意思是否合理，即是否与文章要求相符，有无句型结构及语法错误比如主语为第三人称单数时动 词加 s，动词的时态。） NQtT| :做好首字母填空要注意以下几点 1. 单词量。 很多学生做不好首字母填空很重要的一点原因是学过的单词没掌握。每当看到一个首字母，脑子中应该迅速闪过好几个词， 然后根据句意选择最合适的一个。或者反过来，用意义对单词，先看句子是什么意思，然后根据意思填岀合适的单词。 2. 平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配 。 （如果老师没带这你们整理的话，我建议一人备个本子，自己整理，除了课本上的，平时你们考的卷子上易错的都整理到 本子上，平时常拿岀来翻翻巩固一下，下次在遇到类似的就会