人教英语选修8第一单元Warming_up_and_Reading

1、 Unit 1 A land of diversity一个多元文化的国土一个多元文化的国土 Warming up and Reading国名释义：国名释义：美利坚合众国美利坚合众国（The United States of America）简称美国（简称美国（U.S.A.）。美国因洲）。美国因洲名而得名。名而得名。 美国的绰号叫美国的绰号叫“山姆大叔山姆大叔”。传说始于传说始于1812年英美战争期间的年英美战争期间的美国纽约特罗伊城商人山姆美国纽约特罗伊城商人山姆威尔威尔 国鸟：白头海雕国鸟：白头海雕 （秃鹰）（秃鹰）这种秃鹰是北美一种有着黑色的身这种秃鹰是北美一种有着黑色的身体和翅膀体和翅膀

2、,白色的头和尾巴。在白色的头和尾巴。在1782年这种鹰被设计为美国国家的象征年这种鹰被设计为美国国家的象征 National Day：July, 4th Independent in 1776.） 非洲裔美国人内战纪念碑纪念人民权领袖非洲裔美国人内战纪念碑纪念人民权领袖马丁马丁路德路德金金The famous speech: I Have A Dream How much do you know about California ?Hello, everyone! I am Jerry Brown （杰里（杰里布朗），布朗）， the governor of California. Lets

3、have a test before we start to learn Unit 1. Are you ready?Test ABCD1. Who is the president of United States of American now?Its a very easy question, If you choose the wrong answer, you must be an alien!2. How many states are there in the USA?A.B.C.D.47484950A.B.C.D.3. Which stands for the USA? Nat

4、ional Emblems （国徽）（国徽）A.B.C.D.4. Which doesnt belong to the USA?Statue ofLibertyGoldenBridgeWhiteHouseEiffelTower5. Which are American brands?ABCDEFGGermanyGermanyFinland6.Who are Americans?ABCDEkeanuReevesDavidBeckhamSteven SpeilbergRonaldinho BritainBrazil8. _has the largest population in the USA.

5、 A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas7. Where is the White House?A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas9. Californias official nickname is the _, its the _ largest state in the USA. A. Sunflower State, Second B. Golden State, third C. Sunflower State, first D. Golden State, first10

6、. _ is Californias largest and the nations second largest city. A. Sacramento B. Los Angeles C. San Diego D. San Francisco芝加哥大学芝加哥大学钢铁森林钢铁森林芝加哥海滨宾馆芝加哥海滨宾馆 San FranciscoLos AngelesHoustonBostonNew YorkWashington, D.CRocky MountainsMexicoChicagoCanadaAtlantic OceanPacific Oceanthe MississippiSuperiorM

7、ichiganErieHuronOntarioReading1. Whats the topic of this text? A. the culture of California B. the history of California C. the weather of California2. How many kinds of peoples (民族) are talked in this text? What are they?While-readingPara.1Task 1 Fast readingRussiansLater Arrivals peoplesThe Spanis

8、hMost Recent ArrivalsNative Americans2. How many kinds of peoples are talked in this text? Gold Miners(the subtitles)1.Divide the passage into three parts and try to get the main idea of each part.Part1 ( ) Brief introduction to California.Part2 ( ) When and why people from different countries moved

9、 to California. Part3 ( ) The future of California. para1para2-para9 para10How each picture is relevant to the history of California? Native American Indianone of the first people to live in California. Native California IndiansA gold minerthe discovery of gold in California created a gold rush whic

10、h brought people from all over the world to California. California gold miners around 1849Other reference pictures about gold rush in California A building in Chinatown, San FranciscoMany Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco.Chinatowns in CaliforniaT

11、ask 3:Skimming.True or False1. California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. 2. The native Americans are treated well after the arrival of Europeans. 3. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men. 4. In the early 1800s, Russians began setti

12、ng in California just for fur. 5. Duing Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of being rich. 6. In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California. FFTTFF_15,000 years ago16th century182118461848 1850First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. These people are now known

13、 as Native AmericansSpanish soldiers arrived in South AmericanCalifornia became part of MexicoCalifornia became the 31st state of the USGold was discovered in CaliforniaThe US declared war on Mexico 3 Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to ex

14、plain.)The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrated to the state for the last 200 years. multi- “多、多方面、多方向多、多方面、多方向”multi-colored 多色的多色的 multi-racial 多民族的多民族的multi-media 多媒体多媒体 multiparty 多党制的多党制的The state of California is a mul

15、ticultural community because European, African and Asian peoples have been moving into the state for the last 200 years. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavour. Problems that might arise include intercultural rivalry or

16、 competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.1. diversity = variety 多样性多样性, 差异，差异，变化变化a diversity of vegetables 多种多样的多种多样的diversify vt. 使使多样性多样性, 使使不同不同; vi.多变化，发生变化多变化，发生变化diversify ones skills / interestsWe should

17、diversify the syllabus to attract more students.A company should diversify.2. illustrate vt. （用图示、实例等）说明（用图示、实例等）说明/阐明；阐明； 插图于（书籍等），图示插图于（书籍等），图示 The lecturer illustrated the theory with examples.Please illustrate how to use the machine.Illustrate a book with a lot of pictures.在书中加入许多插图。在书中加入许多插图。il

18、lustration n. 实例实例 (+of); 插图；说明，例证插图；说明，例证The doctor gave an illustration of the dangers of smoking. by way of illustration 以实例说明以实例说明in illustration of 作为作为的例证的例证 3. California is the third largest state in the 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰

19、形容词最高级的词可以修饰形容词最高级的词: by far /much/almost/nearly/可以修饰比较级的词可以修饰比较级的词: no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far /a lot/a great deal/much/even/still/rather Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far B 4. population 人口人口

20、The population of China_ large. And 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数, 表示部分人口表示部分人口 时谓语动词用复数。时谓语动词用复数。 而形容人口的多少通常用而形容人口的多少通常用large / small。 对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用 Whats the population of .? Whats the population of Guangdong? have a population of . 有多少人口有多少人

21、口 China has a population of 1.3 billion. an increase / growth in population 人口人口isare5. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美

22、国最具多加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界元文化特质的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。言在他们的新家都得以延续。having attracted people from all over the world 是现在分词的完成时作是现在分词的完成时作state的定语，的定语， 其作用相其作用相当于一个定语从句当于一个定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world.live on 继续生活或存在。如：继续生活或

23、存在。如：Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.毕加索人已作古，但他的画却依然流传。毕加索人已作古，但他的画却依然流传。distinct adj. 有区别的，不同的（有区别的，不同的（from); 明确的，清楚明确的，清楚的；的；His hobbies are quite distinct from his work.There is a distinct smell of perfume in the room.distinction n. 区别，差别；特征，优秀；荣誉，名声区别，差别；特征，优秀；荣誉，名声the distinction bet

24、ween a tiger and a cata writer of distinction非凡的非凡的/卓越的作家卓越的作家He won many prizes and distinctions.他获得许多奖赏和荣誉。他获得许多奖赏和荣誉。6. When the first people arrived in what we now know as California,宾语从句宾语从句= the place that we now know as California. 定语从句定语从句George Washington was born in _ is now the state of V

25、irginia. A.which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D 7. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that sb/sth is likely to do sth某人某人/物有可

26、能做某事物有可能做某事likely adv. 可能，或许可能，或许 （常与常与very, most, quite连用连用）He will very likely pass the examination.Most likely his attempt will fail.辨析辨析: likely, possible, probable按可能性程度按可能性程度, probable可能性最大可能性最大, 其次为其次为likely, 最小为最小为possible, 但需要注意的是但需要注意的是, likely的主语可以的主语可以是人是人, 但但possible, probable却只能用形式主语却只

27、能用形式主语it.8. by means of: by using 用用办法办法, 借助借助 He crossed the river by means of a raft. We express out feelings by means of words. means 单复数同形单复数同形 All possible means have been tried. by this means 用这种方法用这种方法 by no means 决不决不, 一点也不一点也不 by all means: anyway 无论如何无论如何/务必务必 Surely/ Of course 当然可以当然可以by

28、some means or other adv.想尽办法想尽办法means 方法、手段、工具方法、手段、工具, 单复数同形单复数同形, 多和多和介词介词by 搭配。搭配。way 方法方法, 普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。多于介词多于介词in搭配。搭配。 method 方法方法, 理论理论, 指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。多和介词多和介词with 搭配。搭配。 9. 辨析辨析suffer与与suffer from suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为其宾语为damage, pain, loss, pov

29、erty, defeat, grief, insult, punishment, hunger, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)， 但但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。患病之意。10. force into 强迫强迫成为成为/做做/进入进入They forced him into signing (to sign) the paper.He forced his feet into his shoes.She was for

30、ced into crime by circumstances.她为境遇所迫而犯罪。她为境遇所迫而犯罪。The fellow forced his way into my home.那家伙强行闯入我家。那家伙强行闯入我家。by force of 借借之力；依据之力；依据come into force （法律）实施（法律）实施carry/put into force 施行（法律）施行（法律）join forces with 与与协力协力force强作强作The singer had to force her top notes.force a smile 强作笑颜强作笑颜a forced lau

31、gh 勉强的笑勉强的笑11. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. 幸免幸免, 幸免于难幸免于难 Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived. 挺过来挺过来, 挣扎过下去挣扎过下去e.g. I dont think I could survive another year as a teacher; just too stressful

32、. 比比(某人某人)长寿长寿, 比比(通常指亲人通常指亲人)活的更长活的更长e.g. Harry survived his wife by three months. 1) survive11. majority n. 大多数大多数 The majority _ for the budget.The majority of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.is/areareis1) 单独做主语时单独做主语时, 若强调整体若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数，谓语动词用单数， 强调个体时强调个体时,

33、 谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。2) the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词后可用不可数名词, 也可用也可用 可数名词复数可数名词复数, 谓语动词由后面的名词决定。谓语动词由后面的名词决定。3) 表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词a。e.g. He was elected by a majority of 50.minority 少数的少数的1) At the meeting, young people were _. A. in majority B. in the majority C. of majority D. of the majorit

34、y2) The majority of students _ trees in the fields and some are carrying water. A. is planting B. was planting C. are planting D. were planting3) The majority _ with me. A. agrees B. agree C. are agreed D. is agreemajorityB C A 12. declare vt. 1) to make known publicly or officially 宣布宣布, 宣告宣告The ch

35、airman declared the results of the election. War was declared on the enemy.法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。The judge declared the thief to be guilty. 2) to say solemnly so that there is no doubt about the meaning 郑重地说郑重地说, 声称声称, 断言断言 她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。 She solemnly declared that she knew nothing abo

36、ut it. 请表明你的立场。请表明你的立场。 Declare your position, please. 她声称自己无罪。她声称自己无罪。 She declared herself to be innocent. 3)To make a full statement (向税务机关，海关等）申报（所得，应缴税物品）向税务机关，海关等）申报（所得，应缴税物品） Have you anything to declare?announce 把大家所关心的事情把大家所关心的事情, 特别是有新闻价值的特别是有新闻价值的, 做一般或正式做一般或正式的宣布；的宣布；显示，预告显示，预告A warm sun

37、shine announces that summer is coming.11. make/earn a/ones life 谋生、习惯新的生活方式谋生、习惯新的生活方式make /earn / get a / ones living 谋生谋生现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。Nowadays more and more young people move to cities to make a life there.all ones life as large as life bringto lifecome to life Thats l

38、ifebe ones lifeall ones life 终身，一辈子终身，一辈子as large as life 与真人或实物一样大的；真正的与真人或实物一样大的；真正的bringto life 使复活使复活/苏醒；使活跃起来苏醒；使活跃起来come to life 复活复活/复苏，活跃起来复苏，活跃起来Thats life （表示失望但无可奈何）这就是生活，（表示失望但无可奈何）这就是生活， 生活就是这样生活就是这样be ones life 对某人至关重要的人对某人至关重要的人/物物13. a large percentage have chosen= a large percentage

39、 of Chinese-Americans have chosen A large percentage of population live in big cities.这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。 A large percentage of the hotels income comes from the visitors to the lake.Only a small percentage of students are foreigners.What percentage of students are absent?perce

40、nt percent (用在数词后用在数词后) (其余都用其余都用percentage)The result is expressed _(以百分比以百分比)._ (比例越来越大比例越来越大) of the population own their own houses._ (大部分大部分) people came._ (百分之五十的学生百分之五十的学生) came from workers family.as a percentage An increasing percentage A large percentage of 50 percent of the students14. es

41、tablish a town 建立城镇建立城镇establish a new business 开创新事业开创新事业establish friendly relations with 建立友好关系建立友好关系establish that he was right.证明他是对的。证明他是对的。15. immigrate vi. (to/ into) 移居移居, 迁入迁入他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国 As a child, he immigrated to the US from Ireland.immigration n. immigration laws 移民法移民法immigrant (s) n.移民移民the European immigrants16. mix n. 混合混合 V. 混合混合, 混乱混乱We have to come up with a mix of policies to please the voters. (折中折中)You can mix yellow and blue together tomake