Unit20Lesson 3

1、Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs1.It is certain that his son will _ his business when he gets old.Atake over Bthink overChand over Dgo over2.To make sure that he was at home, I called him up _.Ain need Bin chargeCin place Din advance3.You mustnt mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may

2、 _ the shocking ending. Agive away Bgive outCgive up Dgive off4.It was supposed to be a surprise but the children _ the plan.Agave up Bgave away Cgave in Dgave off5.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this _ creates further problems. A.in shortB.in case C.in

3、doubt D.in turn6.After I covered forty kilometers that day，my legs under me . A.gave outB.gave off C.gave in D.gave away00in despair失望失望in order 井然有序井然有序in return 作为报答作为报答in turn 按顺序；反过来按顺序；反过来in tears 眼泪汪汪眼泪汪汪in need 处于困难中处于困难中in short 总之，简言之总之，简言之in advance预先，在前面预先，在前面latter n.后者后者adj.后半期的，接近终了的；后

4、半期的，接近终了的；后面的；后面的；(系列中系列中)最后的最后的Of these two men，the former is dead but the latter is still alive.这两个人中，前者已死，而后这两个人中，前者已死，而后者仍然活着。者仍然活着。_of his life he lived alone and never welcomed visitors.他晚年独居，从不欢迎他晚年独居，从不欢迎来访者。来访者。 In the latter yearslatter，late，later，latest，lately(1)latter作名词，表示作名词，表示(刚提及的两者中

5、的刚提及的两者中的)后者；作形容后者；作形容词词表示表示(刚提及的两者中刚提及的两者中)后者的；后者的；(系列中系列中)最后的，后面的。最后的，后面的。(2)late用作形容词或副词，意思为用作形容词或副词，意思为“迟、晚迟、晚”。(3)later是是late的比较级，意思是的比较级，意思是“更迟的、更后的更迟的、更后的”，还可，还可以用作副词，意思以用作副词，意思是是“以后、随后以后、随后”。(4)latest是形容词，意思是是形容词，意思是“最新的、最近的最新的、最近的”。(5)lately是副词，意思是是副词，意思是“近来、最近近来、最近”，相当于相当于recently。以练促记以练促记

6、用用latter，late，later，latest，lately的适当形式填空的适当形式填空He got up .Thats why he didnt eat breakfast this morning.The writers works are his masterpieces.Have you heard the news about Jones？She has returned from Canada and brought us a lot of presents.He presented two solutions. The seemed much better.latelate

7、rlatest lately lattersplit vi.分开，分离；劈开分开，分离；劈开 vt.使裂开，使破裂使裂开，使破裂The wood splits easily.这木头容易劈开。这木头容易劈开。The flag on the building by the wind.楼顶上的旗子被大风撕破了。楼顶上的旗子被大风撕破了。 was splitsplit up 劈成；分开；劈成；分开； (使使)分成若干小部分；瓜分分成若干小部分；瓜分split up with sb. 和某人断绝关系；分手和某人断绝关系；分手split into 分成，使分开分成，使分开 The quarrel spli

8、t up the two friends.那次争吵使两个朋友断绝了来往。那次争吵使两个朋友断绝了来往。Shes her boyfriend.她和男朋友分手了。她和男朋友分手了。All the teachers seven teaching research groups.全体教师分成七个教研组。全体教师分成七个教研组。split up withsplit into Are you angry with Li Ming？ Yes，I decide toup with him. A.splitB.tear C.divide D.separatedonate vt.捐赠；赠送捐赠；赠送The mon

9、ey wasto the poor children by a big company. A.giftedB.presented C.donated D.shown(1)donate sth.(to sb./sth.)捐赠，赠送捐赠，赠送(钱物等钱物等)(2)donator n. 捐赠者捐赠者donation n .C捐赠物；捐赠物；U捐赠，赠送捐赠，赠送give/present/make a donation(donations)to 向向捐赠捐赠(款或物款或物(3) Do you know the major discoveries of the scientists in the pic

10、tures?Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His greatest discovery is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. E = mc2 He also discovered famous mathematical statement E=mc2 (energy equals mass times the speed of light

11、squared). This statement or formula explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. Edwin HubbleAmerican astronomer. His most important discovery was made in the 1920s. In the late 19th century, Hubbles study leads to the most important astronomical discovery of the

12、twentieth century - the expanding universe. And he proved that nebulae (星云星云) were galaxies themselves. Astronomers now agree that far distant galaxies do exist. To honor him, the first telescope was named after him. beautiful spaceHubble space telescope 哈勃空间望远镜是人类第一座太哈勃空间望远镜是人类第一座太空望远镜空望远镜, 总长度超过总长

13、度超过13米米, 质量为质量为11吨多吨多, 运行在地球大气层外缘离地面运行在地球大气层外缘离地面约约600公里的轨道上。它大约每公里的轨道上。它大约每100分分钟环绕地球一周。哈勃望远镜是由美钟环绕地球一周。哈勃望远镜是由美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局合作国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局合作, 于于1990年发射入轨的。年发射入轨的。哈勃望远镜是以天文学家爱德文哈勃望远镜是以天文学家爱德文哈勃哈勃的名字命名的。按计划的名字命名的。按计划, 它将在它将在2009年年被詹姆斯韦布太空望远镜所取代。哈被詹姆斯韦布太空望远镜所取代。哈勃望远镜的角分辨率达到小于勃望远镜的角分辨率达到小于 0.1秒秒, 每

14、天可以获取每天可以获取3到到5G字节的数据。字节的数据。Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)Scottish biochemistFebruary 14, 1929 - Fleming Discovers Penicillin.Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine. John William Mauchly (1907.8.30 1980.1.8)

15、J. Presper EckertJohn William Mauchly was an American physicist who, along with his student J. Presper Eckert designed ENIAC, the first commercial computer made in the United States. 这是美国军方要求宾州大学莫奇来这是美国军方要求宾州大学莫奇来(Mauchly) 博士和他的学生爱克特博士和他的学生爱克特(Eckert)设计的设计的,准备用来计算炮弹准备用来计算炮弹及火箭、导弹的弹道及火箭、导弹的弹道,它最终在原子它

16、最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。世界上第一台电子计算机世界上第一台电子计算机“埃尼阿克埃尼阿克” 世界上第一台通用数字电子计算机世界上第一台通用数字电子计算机ENIAC的问世的问世,宣告了人类从此进入宣告了人类从此进入电子计算机时代。电子计算机时代。 ENIAC:长长30.48米米,宽宽1米米,占地面积占地面积170平方米平方米,30个操作台个操作台,约相当于约相当于10件普件普通房间的大小通房间的大小,重达重达30吨吨,耗电量耗电量150千千瓦瓦,造价造价48万美元。万美元。 它使用它使用18000个电个电子管，子管，70000个电阻个电阻,10000个电容

17、个电容,1500个继电器个继电器,6000多个开关多个开关,每秒执每秒执行行5000次加法或次加法或400次乘法次乘法,是继电器是继电器计算机的计算机的1000倍、手工计算的倍、手工计算的20万倍万倍。Orville Wright (1871)Wilbur Wright (1867)Wilbur Wright and his brother Orville used the ideas they had developed from their earlier experiments with the toy helicopter, kites, printing machine and bi

18、cycles to design their own flying machine. On December 17th, 1903, they made the worlds first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine. Orville flew the plane thirty-nine meters. He was in the air for 12 seconds. 起飞起飞: :奥维尔奥维尔莱特莱特( (躺在飞机的下翼上躺在飞机的下翼上) )于于19031903年进行了第一次动

19、力飞行。年进行了第一次动力飞行。 One of the first aircraftVocabularyCompound wordsa)compound noun(noun+noun): CD player;jet engineb)compound noun(verb+prep.): breakthrough;outcomec)compound noun(adj.+noun): flying machine; nuclear bombd)compound verb: mass-produce;double-checke)compound adjective: one-year-old;worl

20、d-famous; far-reachingExercise 5Exercise 5a)compound noun(noun+noun): CD player;jet engineb)compound noun(verb+prep.): breakthrough;outcomec)compound noun(adj.+noun): flying machine; nuclear bombd)compound verb: mass-produce;double-checke)compound adjective: one-year-old;world-famous; far-reachingEx

21、ercise 5Exercise 5 Try to match the discoveries or inventions with how they came about.1. E = mc22. penicillin3. the first computer4. other galaxiesa. scientists worked together as a teamb. there was a lucky accidentc. a scientist did research for many yearsd. a scientist was inspired1. Einstein was

22、 at work when he thought of the equation “E=mc2 ”. This outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. “E=mc2”was born.Careful ReadingF Are these statements true or false according to the text or is there no information? 2. Einstein participated in the program t

23、hat developed the nuclear bomb.3. Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant -they change according to our experience of them.NIT4. Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years. He began th

24、e long, slow process of exploring our galaxy.5. Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was. He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies like own, millions of light years than had previously been thought.NINI6. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his labora

25、tory when the discovery happened. He left for holiday. When he returned, he found it.F7. There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.8. Fleming developed the process for making penicillin. He

26、said: “Nature made it, and he found it.”TF9. The first computer project failed to meet its original goal. The US navy wanted to improve the accuracy of their missiles. But they only finished after the war in 1946.10. The first computer was extremely difficult to program. NIT11. The scientists who di

27、scovered microwaves invented microwave ovens. We have Percy Spencer to thank. This inventor, with 120 patents to his name, discovered microwaves when he was experimenting with Radars and noticed a chocolate melting in his pockets.T12. Today, it is possible to donate your heart to hospital when you d

28、ie. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseases organs with donated ones.TVocabulary: Compound Words Match the categories (a-e) with the examples from the text (1-5). Then add examples of your own.1. breakthrough; outcom

29、e 2. CD player; jet engine a) compound noun (noun + noun) b) compound noun (verb + preposition)c) compound noun adjective + noun d) compound verb e) compound adjective3. mass-produce; double-check4. one-year-old; world-famous; far-reaching 5. flying machine; nuclear bombLanguage Points1. think over

30、v. 仔细考虑仔细考虑, 重新考虑重新考虑 Let me think it over. Before you decide to do something important you must think it over. 2. come to v. 达到达到, 继承继承, 复苏复苏, 停止停止 想起想起,共计共计The fainting victim came to. 昏倒的受害者恢复了意识。昏倒的受害者恢复了意识。His earnings come to 3000 yuan a month. 他的月收入为他的月收入为3000元元。 come to a decision 做出决定做出决定Hi

31、s plan came to nothing. 他的计划完全落空了。他的计划完全落空了。3. be aware of v. 知道知道 I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。我没有意识到火。 We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms. 我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条我们十分清楚你们对我们提出的条件肯定会有什么反应。件肯定会有什么反应。4. at the speed of以以.的速度的速度 at a speed of eighty miles an hour 以每小时以每小时80英里的

32、速度英里的速度5. in fact 事实上事实上 She doesnt like him much in fact I think she hates him! 她不很喜欢他她不很喜欢他;事实上事实上,我认为她恨他我认为她恨他! I said it was Tuesday, but in fact it was Monday. 我说那天是星期二我说那天是星期二, 实际上是星期一。实际上是星期一。6. out of the ordinary 不平常的不平常的, 非凡的非凡的; 例外的例外的 All of my students like the little boy, but John is o

33、ut of the ordinary. I go out to have lunch every day, but today is out of the ordinary.7. turn to 转向转向,变成变成,求助于求助于,开始行动开始行动 The baby fell down. He turned to his mother for help. to turn love to hate 转爱为恨转爱为恨8. turn on 开启开启,变得兴奋变得兴奋,开始开始 turn on the radio 打开录音机打开录音机 turn the gun on sb. 把枪对准某人把枪对准某人 turn on sb. 对某人发火对某人发火9. go out 出去出去, 熄灭熄灭, 过时过时 What a pleasant weather. Why not go out for a walk? 天气多好啊天气多好啊,为什么不出去散散步为什么不出去散散步? July went out with rain. 七月随着雨水过去了。七月随着雨水过去了。 Short ski