高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (66)

1、选修选修7 Unit 5 Travelling abroad 重点单词重点单词1. _n.队列；行列vt.排队2. _n.& vi.演讲；讲课3. _ n.资格；资格证明 _ adj.有资格的；能胜任的 _ vt.（使）合格；（使）具有资格4. _ n.准备；预备 _v.预备；准备5. _ vt.推荐；建议 _ n.推荐；建议6. _ n.舒适vt.& n.安慰 _ adj.舒适的；安慰的7. _ n.代替者；代用品vt.用代替queuelecturequalificationqualifiedqualifypreparationpreparerecommendrecommen

2、dationcomfortcomfortablesubstitute（学生用书见学生用书见P P181181） 重点单词重点单词8._adj.学校的；学院的；学术的9. _ n.需要;要求；规定_vt.需要；要求10. _n. 导师；助教；家庭教师11. _n.草稿；草案vt.草拟；起草12. _adj.麻木的；失去知觉的13. _vt.承认；确认；答谢_ n.承认；确认；答谢_adj.承认的；公认的14. _vt.反驳；驳斥_n.反驳；驳斥_adj.相矛盾的15. _ adj.自主的；自治的；独立的academicrequirement requiretutordraftnumbacknow

3、ledgeacknowledgementacknowledgedcontradictcontradictioncontradictoryautonomous 重点单词重点单词16. _ vt.占用；占领；占据 _ adj.占用的；在使用中的17. _ n.事业；事业心18. _ n.道歉；谢罪 _ v.道歉；谢罪19. _ n. 获学士学位的人；未婚男子20. _ n.常规；日常事务adj.通常的；例行的21. _ adj.可选择的；随意的 _ n.选择22. _vi.(指狗等) 吠叫；咆哮n.犬吠声；树皮occupyoccupiedenterpriseapologyapologizebach

4、elorroutineoptionaloptionbark 重点单词重点单词23. _ n.代理人；经纪人24. _ adj.平行的；相同的；类似的25. _ adj.丰富的；充裕的 _ n.丰富；充裕26. _vi.& vt.统治；支配；管理 _ n.政府 _ n省长，州长，管理者27. _ n.目的地agentparallelabundantabundancegoverngovernmentgovernordestination 重点短语重点短语1._适应；调节2. _保持优秀成绩；继续干下去3. _相适应；相融合4. _就而言5. _忙着做；忙于某事物6._ 日复一日7. _不可

5、能的；不值得讨论的8. _（迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下来9. _与平行10. _在丰富adjust tokeep it upfit inas far as one is concernedbe occupied withday in and day outout of the questionsettle inbe parallel tobe abundant in1.特殊疑问词+do you think+陈述语序How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country?(教材P37)What d

6、o you think she will find different from studying at a Chinese school/university? (教材P37)2.It(This/That)+be+序数词+time+从句（谓语动词用完成时形式）意为“是第几次做”It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. (教材P38) 重点句型重点句型3.“特殊疑问词+to do”的结构功能I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay on bus fare, and how

7、 to ask a shopkeeper for things I didnt know the English for.(教材P38) 重点句型重点句型复习非限制性定语从句Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification. (教材P38)Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more ab

8、out the new culture. (教材P38) 语法要点语法要点recommend vt.推荐，建议Xie Lei highly recommends it. （教材P38）谢蕾强力推荐它。1（学生用书见P182） recommend sb./sth.to sb. 向某人推荐/介绍某人或某物 recommend sb. for.推荐某人担任(某职位) recommend sb.as.推荐某人为 recommend doing.建议做 recommend sb.to do建议某人做 recommend+(that).建议(that从句中 用should+动词原形,should可省略)(

9、3) recommendation n.推荐；介绍信(1) (2) Can you recommend a comrade who can take up the job?你能不能推荐一位能承担这项工作的同志? He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 He recommended me to change my way of life.他劝我改变生活方式。substitute n.代替者；代用品 vt.用代替Also , when I miss my family， its a grea

10、t comfort to have a substitute family to be with. （教材P38）还有，当我想家的时候，有一个像家一样的地方可以去，这真是一种安慰。2 as a substitute 作为代替人/代用品 a substitute for sb./sth.代替 substitute A for B =substitute B with A substitute for sb./sth.代替/取代某人/某物(3) substitution n.代替，替换(1) (2) 用A代替B The coach let me substitute No.9 in the sec

11、ond half.下半场，教练让我替下了9号。 He substituted as the typist in the office. 他代任做这个办公室的打字员。 He was substitute headmaster for a term .他作了一个学期的代理校长。acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢First of all， he told me， I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them. （教材P38）他告诉我说，首先我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。3 acknowle

12、dge sb./sth.to be.承认某人/某物是 acknowledge that承认 acknowledge doing.承认做 acknowledge.as认为是 It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的(3) acknowledgement n.承认；感谢(1) (2) They acknowledged having been defeated at last.最后他们承认失败了。 She is generally acknowledged as the finest poet in the world.= It is generally

13、 acknowledged that she is the finest poet in the world.她是世界上公认的优秀诗人。 They had to acknowledge the need for reform.他们不得不承认需要改革。 His services to the country were never officially acknowledged.他对国家所作出的贡献从未受到正式的表彰。 acknowledge着重“公开承认”，常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事。如：With so much evidence against him he had to acknowled

14、ge his error. 在这么多的证据面前，他不得不承认错误。 admit是指在巨大的压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实，供认(事实、错误等)。如：The accused man admitted his guilt. 被告承认了他的罪行。 recognize指正式承认主权、权利等。 如：They refused to recognize the countrys independence. 他们拒绝承认这个国家独立。contradict vt.反驳；否定；与反驳；否定；与矛盾；与矛盾；与抵触抵触vi. 反驳；否认；发生矛盾反驳；否认；发生矛盾Finally he even enco

15、uraged me to contradict the authors I d read!（教材P38）最后他甚至鼓励我反驳我所读过作者的观点!4（1）contradict oneself自相矛盾（2）contradictory adj.矛盾的；反对的；反驳的；抗辩的（3）contradictorily adv.矛盾地；反驳地（4）contradiction n. 矛盾；否认；反驳 He said he cared for his health but his actions contradicted his words.他说他在意健康，但他的行为同他的话矛盾。 Boys do worse i

16、n English when there are more girls in their class, researchers will say today, contradicting the widely held belief that girls are always a good influence on boys in school. 研究人员今天将宣称，当班上女生人数较多时，男生的英语就会学得较差。 而人们以往普遍认为，在学校中，女生对男生总是有积极影响。 Mr. White The prisoners statement was contradictory to the one

17、 hed made earlier.那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。 We make money from tourism, but there is always a contradiction between development and preservation.我们挣旅游钱，但是在发展和保护之间一直存在着矛盾。occupy vt.占据；占领；占用I have been so occupied with work that I havent had time for social activities. （教材P39）我一直忙于学习，以致于没有时间去搞社交活动。5 occupy o

18、neself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于；专心于 occupy ones mind/thoughts/attention 占据某人的头脑/思想/注意力 be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事 be occupied with sth.从事/忙于某事(3) occupation n.占领；职业，工作(2) (1) They are occupying themselves in growing their own food.他们自己正忙于种植自己的粮食。 He has been deeply occupied in listening to a t

19、ape.他一直在专心听录音。 Mr. White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education.怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。abundant adj. 丰富的， 充裕的, 充足的， 大量的Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.（教材P43） 秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠草中的草到大片的丛林。6（1）（be） abundant in /with 有丰富的，大量的同/近义词：ample,plentiful, sufficie

20、nt, enough（2）abundantly adv. 丰富地；大量地（3）abundance n.充裕，丰富 Fish are abundant in the seas and rivers.海洋和河流里有大量的鱼类。 In northwest China, light and heat resources are abundant, with much more land for cultivation and much less population than other areas in China.中国西北地区光热资源丰富，耕地多，人口少。 With credit card abu

21、ndantly available, getting what you want right away, regardless of whether you have the cash to pay for it, is common practice.随着信用卡的大量普及，对许多人来说，不管自己是否有现金支付能力，立即就把想要的东西拿到手是司空见惯的事 Of what value is abundance of riches, if love is lacking between husband and wife, or parents and children?夫妇或父母与孩子之间，若是缺

22、少了爱，就算富有资财，又有什么价值呢？govern vt. & vi. 管理；支配；统治；控制；影响Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire, much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteen century onwards.（教材P43）秘鲁曾经是强盛而且极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区是由西班牙统治的。7（1）government n. 政府；政体；管辖（2）governor n. 主管人员；统治者，

23、管理者（3）governable adj. 可控制的；可支配的；可统治的 Who are the men who really govern in this country?谁是这个国家的真正统治者? Dont let bad temper govern your decision.不要让坏脾气影响你的决定。 In the part of Africa, as in many rural areas of the developing world, life is governed by the annual harvest.在非洲的这个地方，就像许多发展中国家的农村一样，生命完全是由每年的收

24、成决定的。 Cities have to be made governable, livable, and economically viable.城市必须是可控制的、适于居住的以及经济可行的。 She was a woman of high position in the government.她曾是个在政府中占有重要位置的女人。keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去KEEP IT UP, XIE LEI.（教材P38）谢蕾，再接再厉。1（学生用书见P183）keep up保持；继续keep ones word/promise信守诺言keep (a) watch注意;警惕;提防kee

25、p.in mind记住keep in touch with.与保持联系 Well done! Keep it up!干得好！继续好好干吧！ In face of challenge for the moment, its the most important to keep up a good state of health.面对目前的挑战，最重要的是保持良好的身体状态。 The hospital keeps (a) close watch on the babies health.医院密切注意婴儿的健康状况。 They always keep the interests of the peo

26、ple in mind.他们时刻想着人民的利益。 Do you keep in touch with your classmates of middle school.你和初中同学保持联系吗？fit in 相适应；相融合Chinese student fitting in well. （教材P38）中国学生的适应能力很强。2 (1) be fit for/to do sth.适合做某事/胜任做某事 fit in with sb./sth.与某人/物相适应；与某人/物相融合 adjust to适应 adapt.to适应 agree with适合；与一致 (3) keep fit 保持健康(2)

27、Hes never done this type of work before； Im not sure whether hell be fit for it.他过去从未干过这种工作，我不确定他是否能胜任。 She is not fit to look after children.她不适合照看小孩。 She doesnt fit in with the rest of the class.她和班上其他同学相处得不好。 Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.(户外)运动有助你保持健康，接触大自然。settle in（

28、迁入新居、更换工作后）安顿下来.things you can do to help him/her settle in. (教材P45)为安顿他（她）所能做的事情。3settle down定居，安顿下来；（船）沉没；（使）安静settle down to开始认真对待;定下心来做settle on/upon决定 When weve settled in properly, well invite all our friends to a housewarming party.我们安顿好后,就邀请所有的朋友来喝乔迁喜酒。 Then the nurse settled herself in an a

29、rmchair in the next room.然后,那位护士自己在隔壁的房间的扶手椅上坐下来休息。 These orphans have settled down very happily in their new home.这些孤儿在新家很愉快地开始了他们的生活。 After a long discussion they settled on the site for the power station.经过长时间讨论以后,他们选定了修建电站的地点。It(This/That)+be+序数词+time+从句（谓语动词用完成时形式）意为“是第几次做”It was the first time

30、 she had ever left her motherland. (教材P38) 这是她第一次离开她的祖国。1此句采用“It+be+序数词+time+从句”这一句型，意为“是某人第几次做某事”，从句中的谓语动词用完成时形式。（学生用书见P184） is will be 从句(现在完成时) It/This/That was the first/second.time that 从句(过去完成时)(2)与the first time一样可用做连词的常见词(组)有：the moment，the minute，the instant，directly，instantly，immediately，t

31、he序数词time，each time，every time等。 Its (about/high) time (that) sb. should do/did sth. 到了某人做某事的时候了 Its (about/high) time for sb.to do sth. 到某人应该做某事的时候了(1)(3) the first/second.time thatIt/This/That It is the first time that a Black American has been elected the president of the United States.这是首位非裔美国人被

32、选为美国总统。 It was the third time (that) he had been ill that year.那是他那年第三次生病了。 The first time I saw the dress， I decided to buy it.第一次看见这件连衣裙我就决定买它了。 Its (high) time that we did something to stop pollution.该是我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。“特殊疑问词+to do”的结构功能I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay on bus fare, a

33、nd how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didnt know the English for.(教材P38)我必须学会怎样使用电话，在公共汽车上怎样付钱，并且请教店主我不知道用英语怎么说的商品。2本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句，其中三个由疑问词加不定式构成的短语how to use the phone, how to pay on bus fare和how to ask a shopkeeper for things在句子中作宾语。特殊疑问词后加不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。（1）“特殊疑问词+to do”的句法功能 Where to go

34、is still a question. （作主语）到哪里去还是个问题。 I know where to find the boy. （作动词know的宾语）我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。 I asked her how to learn English. （作双重宾语）我问她如何学英语。 We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. （作介词of的宾语）我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。 The question is how to learn English well.（作表语） 问题是怎样学好英语。 She was at a loss (

35、as to) what to do.（作状语） 她不知如何是好。 The question whether to confess troubled the girl.（作同位语） 是否要坦白的问题使姑娘很烦恼。(2)“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构可以和复合句相互转化 The doctor told him when to take the medicine.（转化成宾语从句）=The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. Which to choose is important. （转化成主语从句）=Which we should c

36、hoose is important. The question is where to go. （转化成表语从句）=The question is where we should go. At that time, we lacked words to express our thanks in. （转化成定语从句）=At that time, we lacked words in which we could express our thanks. The factory has bought a new machine with which to make the spare parts

37、. （转化成定语从句）=The factory has bought a new machine with which they can make the spare parts.品句填词品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1.When the first group of scientists came to the region they found little evidence of human (occupy).【答案】1.occupation2.Would phone conversations substitute cosy chats over lunch o

38、r in the pub after work?【答案】2.for3.There is an （acknowledge）risk of lung cancer from smoking and second-hand smoking.【答案】3.acknowledged4.Many parents firmly believe that young children should never contradict their parents say.【答案】 4.what5.The recommendation is that you (perform) strength training e

39、xercises at least two days each week, allowing a minimum of 48 hours of rest for the muscles used.【答案】5.(should) perform（学生用书见P185）6.Teaching is a win-win activity, instructors can not only impart knowledge to students, but also learn from students and improve themselves. 【答案】6.in which/where7.After

40、 (comfort) by them, I understood that unemployment did not mean that I was incompetent. 【答案】 7.being comforted8.Although the water seems (abundant) everywhere in the canoe trip, the untreated water may not be suitable for drinking. 【答案】8.to be abundant9.My experience in this matter is parallel yours

41、, so I have nothing else to say.【答案】9.to10.You might encourage her to keep up and not to let those angry people bring her down. 【答案】10.it.单句改错单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法）1.The dramatic increase in human numbers is parallel by the highest levels of fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas production in history

42、.【答案】parallelparalleled或 byto/with2.I would prefer a quiet evening at home as opposed to spending my time in company of many people.【答案】company 前加the3.Then he occupied only with the most practical interests lying close at hand, and in no way associated with those old ideals.【答案】occupied 前加was 或后加him

43、self4.In fighting against the crisis, China has made huge strides in developing social programs, that was beyond our means just a few years ago.【答案】thatwhich 5.I am not recommending that you must buy foods of poor quality for the sake of cutting costs. I wont recommend buying conventional food over

44、organic food in order to save money.【答案】mustshould或去掉must6.If you cannot have a good command of grammar as well as precise usage of each word youve learnt, it is out of question for you to use English flexibly.【答案】question 前加the7.Substitute large, unhealthy meals with a wholesome sandwich is certainly an effective way to lose weight.【答案】SubstituteSubstituting 8.We have many distinguishe