精读 Unit5 book2

1、Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere Unit 5 The Villain in the AtmospherePart Lead-inPart Background informationPart General ReadingPart Key Words Study Part Text Detailed ReadingPart PracticeIn nature, there are no rewards or punishment; there are consequences. Horacl Annexley Vachell自然界没有奖赏和惩罚，只有因

2、果报应。自然界没有奖赏和惩罚，只有因果报应。 H.A.瓦谢尔瓦谢尔Lead-inProverbs and Quotations1. Ill air slays sooner than the sword. 污浊的空气杀人比刀还要快。污浊的空气杀人比刀还要快。2. Exercise, temperance, fresh air, and needful rest are the best of all physicians. 锻炼、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。锻炼、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。3. Fire and water are good servants, but

3、 bad masters. 水火是忠仆，造灾成元凶。水火是忠仆，造灾成元凶。Lead-in4.Every particular in nature, a leaf, a drop, a moment of time is related to the whole, and partakes of the perfection of the whole. Each particle is a microcosm, and faithfully renders the likeness of the world. Ralph Emerson, American philosopher滴滴小水珠，颗

4、颗小沙粒，会形成浩瀚的海洋和宜人的土地。滴滴小水珠，颗颗小沙粒，会形成浩瀚的海洋和宜人的土地。 美国诗人美国诗人 J. J. 卡尼卡尼自然界中每一微小细节，一片树叶，一滴雨水，一个瞬间，都是和整个自然界中每一微小细节，一片树叶，一滴雨水，一个瞬间，都是和整个大自然相连，共同组成它的完美。每一个微粒都是一个微观世界，忠实大自然相连，共同组成它的完美。每一个微粒都是一个微观世界，忠实地反映着它和整个世界的相似。地反映着它和整个世界的相似。 美国哲学家美国哲学家 R. . 爱默生爱默生Little drops of water, little grains of sand, make the mig

5、hty ocean and the pleasant land. Julia Carney, American poet5.Lead-inatmosphereWord WebDirections: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “atmosphere”? Write down as many words as possible about it?vapor oxygenhydrogen carbon dioxide(CO2)lightweatherpressuretemperatureclimate chan

6、gegreenhouse effectLead-inglobal warmingGlobal warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate. A warmer Earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in sea level, and a wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife, and humans. When sci

7、entists talk about the issue of climate change, their concern is about global warming caused by human activities.Global WarmingLead-inGreenhouse Effect Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions given below. 1.Why is the world getting hotter? 2. What is the greenhouse effect?3. Which gas i

8、s the most in the atmosphere?4. Where CO2 comes from?5. How could we reduce these gases? But what do people do then?Lead-inthe sun, radiation, warm the planet, natural source of heat, absorb, get trapped to the layer, escape, extra bit hotter, over and over againcarbon dioxide, 50%Tips:Tips:everyday

9、 lives，domesticating, power station, industry, transportTips:planting more trees, just do the opposite, cut them down, more polluting factories and roadsTips:1.Why is the world getting hotter? 2. What is the greenhouse effect?3. Which gas is the most in the atmosphere?4. Where CO2 comes from?5. How

10、could we reduce these gases? But what do people do then?Tips: global warming, greenhouse effectAnswer the questions:Lead-inManhattan is one of the five boroughs that comprise the City of New York. It is by far the most densely populated county in the United States and famous for its soaring skyscrap

11、ers， including , the United Nation Headquarter, Empire State Building, Greenwich village, Chinatown, Broadway, Times Square, etc.ManhattanBackground Information Background Information the United Nation HeadquarterEmpire State BuildingBackground Information Greenwich villageChinatownBackground Inform

12、ation BroadwayTimes SquareDirections: Listen to the following passage and fill in the blanks.Isaac Asimov (the author)Name: Isaac Asimov OccupationDate of BirthPlace of Birth former Soviet Union/ U.S.S.R. Date of Death 1992Cause of DeathBest Known as: Prolific writer of and science fiction _2 Januar

13、y 1920_6 April_HIV infection /AIDS_popular science_Writer / ChemistBackground Information Isaac Asimov was born on 2 January 1920 in the former Soviet Union, but grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He taught biochemistry at Boston University until he retired in 1958 to become a full-time writer. Asimov h

14、ad been publishing short stories since the late 1930s, and in 1952 published his first novel. The author of the classic , Robot series and The Foundation Trilogy, Asimov wrote more than 400 books and won every major science fiction award. He also wrote popular books and essays on science and technol

15、ogy, earning him the nickname The Great Explainer. Isaac Asimov died of “heart and kidney failure, which were complications of the HIV infection” on 6 April 1992. HIV was not revealed as the cause of his death until 2002, when his widow Janet published the memoirs Its Been a Good Life.Isaac Asimov (

16、the author)Background Information 1. Part Division of the Text2. Further UnderstandingQuestions and AnswersGeneral ReadingFor Part 1For Part 2 Supply the Missing InformationPart Division of the Text Main IdeasParts 11 - 627 - 20321It introduces an essential gas to life carbon dioxide and its influen

17、ce.It analyzes what carbon dioxide does to the temperature of the Earth and the factors that cause the concentration of it.It gives us some suggestions to deal with the problems.General ReadingParagraphsQuestions and AnswersCarbon dioxide CO2.1. Who is the “villain” in the atmosphere? 0.034%.2. How

18、much in quantity is carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere?Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which, in turn, serve as the basic food for all of animal life, including human beings.3. What does carbon dioxide do to plants and animal life on Earth?General ReadingThe

19、sea level is rising very slowly from year to year and it will continue to rise and do so at an ever greater rate. The low-lying areas on Earth might be drowned in the hundred years to comeQuestions and AnswersIt is necessary for all animal life.4. Whats the function of oxygen?5. What is happening to

20、 the sea level? What will the rising sea level do to our life?General Reading is one of new sources of that do not involve the production of . Because it is dangerous, there are some other alternatives such as energy of waves, and Earths . Most of all, there is the direct use ofSupply the Missing In

21、formationDirections: Read aloud the third part and fill in the blanks without looking back your text.Nuclear power_fuel_carbon dioxide_tides_interior heat_solar energy_.General Reading1. villain: n.Another villain in the problem is the government itself.Hes either a hero or a villain, depending on y

22、our point of view.这个问题的另一元凶在于政府本身。这个问题的另一元凶在于政府本身。1) a bad person who harms other people or breaks the law2) (infml) something or someone considered harmful or dangerousWeve always been told that cholesterol ( (胆固醇胆固醇) ), in foods like eggs, was a major cause of heart disease but, actually, saturate

23、d( (饱和的饱和的) ) fat is the worst villain. Collocation: villain of the piece剧中反面人物；首恶剧中反面人物；首恶Key Words Study2. essential: Because I live in a remote village, I regard my car as an essential.We only had time to pack a few essentials.我们只来得及装上几件必需品我们只来得及装上几件必需品。1) n. a basic thing that you cannot live wi

24、thout2) adj. necessary； neededIt is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse.Her most essential quality is kindness.Key Words StudyCF: essential, necessary& indispensable这三个形容词均有这三个形容词均有“必不可少的，必需的必不可少的，必需的”之意。之意。essential 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要 性，暗含

25、不可缺少，否则便无法存在。性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。necessary 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需 要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。indispensable 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺 少性。少性。Key Words StudyExercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Hard work is an part of success.

26、indispensable _2. Flour is an ingredient in making bread. essential_3. It is our duty to help the disabled. indispensable _4. Government support will be if the project is to succeed. essential_5. Enough sleep is to peoples health. necessary_Key Words Study3. convert: vt.Coal can be converted to gas.

27、我想把一些美元兑换成英镑。我想把一些美元兑换成英镑。Pattern:convert from （使（使) )改变；改变改变；改变对对信仰信仰convert into 把把改成改成I want to convert some dollars into pounds.1) change from one form or use to anotherAnn has converted to Catholicism.She managed to convert him to her opinion.2) persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion

28、, faith, or beliefKey Words Study4. apparently: adv. it seems (that); as it appearsApparently she was trying her best to save her child from severe illness.Apparently, you have done a lot of work.很明显你们已经做了很多工作。很明显你们已经做了很多工作。NB: apparent: adj. 显然的显然的, , 外观上的外观上的Key Words StudyCF: apparent, clear &

29、; obvious这三个形容词均含这三个形容词均含“清楚的，明白的，明显的清楚的，明白的，明显的”之意。之意。apparent 强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来，故有派生而来，故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。例如：时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。例如：clear 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。例如：普通用词，侧重清楚明白。例如：obvious 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。例如：语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。例如：她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张。她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张。Her appa

30、rent indifference made him even more nervous. 这一工作涉及哪些内容这一工作涉及哪些内容, , 你都明白吗？你都明白吗？Are you quite clear about what the job involves? 大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待。大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待。It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.Key Words Study5. likelihood: n. the state of being probable; probabilityThis

31、latest dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a strike.There is every likelihood that more jobs will be lost later this year.NB: -hood 是后缀，用于构成名词，表示是后缀，用于构成名词，表示“状态状态; ; 的时期的时期”More Examples:childhood: the time or condition of being a childwomanhood: the state or period of being a womanKey Word

32、s StudyExercise: Fill in the blanks with the words below by adding the suffix hood. 1. She lived in India in her . girlhood_2. I wouldnt like to live in the of an airport. neighbourhood_3. It was his ambition / dream to become a film director. boyhood_4. A celebration is held for the boy at the age

33、when he is considered to have reached manhood_.man/woman sister/brother neighbor boy/girl widow/widowerKey Words Study6. retreat:The defeated army had to retreat hastily from the field of battle.When she came towards me shouting, I retreated (behind my desk).Enemy soldiers are now in (full) retreat.

34、1) vi. fall or draw back; withdraw or retire2) n. withdrawal这支被打败的部队被迫从战场上仓惶撤退。这支被打败的部队被迫从战场上仓惶撤退。 Collocation: make a retreat撤退撤退The regiment carried out its retreat in good order.该团秩序井然地撤退。该团秩序井然地撤退。carry out a retreat撤退撤退a hasty retreat匆匆撤退匆匆撤退in full retreat全线溃退全线溃退Key Words Study7.beneath:The s

35、hip sank beneath the waves.We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets.1) prep. in or to a lower position than, under他从山上看下面的河谷。他从山上看下面的河谷。Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath.2) adv. below; underneathHe looked down from the mountain to the valley beneath.Key Words StudyCF: benea

36、th, below, under& underneath这些前置词均可表示位置这些前置词均可表示位置“在在下面下面”之意。之意。beneathbelowunderunderneath书面用词，指紧挨书面用词，指紧挨之下，其反义词是之下，其反义词是on。指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽。所指范围较宽。普通用词，与普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的意思。直在下的意思。书面口语均用，也常与书面口语均用，也常与beneath和和under换用，但换用，但更含遮蔽的意味。更含

37、遮蔽的意味。Key Words StudyExercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. She found a lot of dust the carpet.2. Lets shelter the trees.3. The standard of his work is well the average of his class.4. The water flows the bridge.5. Please do not write this line. 6. The

38、 boat sank the waves.underneath_under_below_beneath_under_below_Key Words Study8. collapse:Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.在火车的重压下在火车的重压下，桥塌了。桥塌了。1) vi. fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or supportThe bridge collapsed under the weight of the train.2) n. th

39、e sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.I dont know what caused the collapse of her marriage.两国的谈判濒于失败。两国的谈判濒于失败。Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink / verge of collapse.Key Words StudyCF: collapse &fall这两个动词都含有这两个动词都含有“倒塌倒塌”之意。之意。collapsefall 通常指房屋等突然倒塌。例如：通

40、常指房屋等突然倒塌。例如：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 雪把房顶压塌了。雪把房顶压塌了。His health collapsed under the pressure of work.他的身体被工作压垮了。他的身体被工作压垮了。He slipped and fell ten feet.他失足自十英尺高处跌了下来。他失足自十英尺高处跌了下来。The book fell off the table onto the floor.那本书从桌上掉到地上。那本书从桌上掉到地上。一般指由于失去平衡等原因而倒塌，也可作引申用。例如：一般指由于失去平

41、衡等原因而倒塌，也可作引申用。例如：Key Words Study9. pressure: n. forceful influenceHe didnt want to leave the country, he only agreed to go under pressure.We must bring pressure in him. Collocation: exert (place, put) pressure on sb.对对施加压力施加压力ease (relieve) pressure减轻压力减轻压力face pressure面临压力面临压力resist pressure顶住压力顶住

42、压力under pressure在压力下在压力下Key Words Studystrain, stress, pressure, tension, 这些名词均含这些名词均含 “压力压力”之意之意 strain: 指某人为克服外力界压力而造成的身心和情绪等方面的压抑。用指某人为克服外力界压力而造成的身心和情绪等方面的压抑。用于物时，指任何力或合力作用于一个物体上面造成的应变。于物时，指任何力或合力作用于一个物体上面造成的应变。The rope broke under the strain. 绳索在张力之下断了绳索在张力之下断了 stress: 侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、

43、生理侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。或情绪上的紧张。I cant bear the stresses and strains of modern life. 我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。我不能忍受现代生活的压力和紧张。 pressure: 在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等。事物所产生的压力或影响力等。 It was done under the pressure of the necessity. 这件事是在迫切需要的情况下而做的。这件事是在迫切需要的情

44、况下而做的。 tension: 多指因关系不好或其它原因而出现的紧张状态，也指某物被过多指因关系不好或其它原因而出现的紧张状态，也指某物被过度伸展的程度或状态。度伸展的程度或状态。 The signing of this agreement will help to reduce international tension. 这项协议的签订将有助于缓和国际紧张局势。这项协议的签订将有助于缓和国际紧张局势。10. connection: n. relationship between things or eventsThere appeared to be no connection betwe

45、en the two crimes.你知道吸烟和心脏病之间有关系吗？你知道吸烟和心脏病之间有关系吗？ Collocation: establish / make a connection建立交往建立交往 / / 联系联系break connection断绝交往断绝交往 / / 联系联系a(n) close / intimate connection密切的关系密切的关系a(n) foreign / international connection国外国外 / / 国际关系国际关系Do you know that theres a connection between smoking and he

46、art disease?Key Words Study11. transparent: adj. easily seen through or detected; obviousHer silk dress was almost transparent.这只盒子有个透明的盖子。这只盒子有个透明的盖子。This is the box with a transparent lid.Key Words Study12.radiation: n. (the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of raysMany servicemen suff

47、ered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests. 这个仪器里辐射出有害的物质。这个仪器里辐射出有害的物质。 Collocation: emit radiation释放辐射线释放辐射线produce radiation产生辐射产生辐射expose sth. to radiation使使暴暴露露于辐射中于辐射中harmful radiation有害的辐射有害的辐射a large amount of radiation大量辐射大量辐射This apparatus produces harmful radiations.Key Words St

48、udy13.distinctly: adv. clearly, definitelyI distinctly remember asking him not to tell her about the new sales figures.她讲话清晰明白。她讲话清晰明白。She spoke very distinctly.Key Words Study14. melt: v. become liquidSugar melts in water.The hot sun soon melted the ice.CF: melt, dissolve& thaw这三个动词均含这三个动词均含“融化

49、，溶解融化，溶解”之意。之意。melt 最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过程，常引申作最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过程，常引申作 “消散、淡化或消失消散、淡化或消失”解。解。dissolve 多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。thaw 指通过加热的形式使冷却的、凝固的物质回到指通过加热的形式使冷却的、凝固的物质回到 正常的液体或半液体状态，尤指冰或雪融化为水。正常的液体或半液体状态，尤指冰或雪融化为水。Key Words StudyExercise: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necess

50、ary.1. Water salt.2. Allow the meat to properly before cooking it. 3. The sun came out and the ice. 4. The ice when the sun shone on it.5. I like to take tablets by them in warm water.dissolves_thaw_thawed / melted_melted_dissolving_Key Words Study15. disappear: vi. 1) cease to exist; become lostThe

51、se beautiful birds are fast disappearing.我桌上的钥匙不见了。我桌上的钥匙不见了。My keys have disappeared off / from the table.2) pass out of sight; vanishI dont know how its possible for a person to disappear without trace.太阳消失在云层后面。太阳消失在云层后面。The sun disappeared behind a cloud.Key Words Studydisappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失

52、。这消失可能是暂普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。例如：时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。例如：My passport has disappeared, it was in my pocket a moment ago.我的护照丢了我的护照丢了, 刚才还在口袋里呢。刚才还在口袋里呢。fade侧重逐渐消失。例如：侧重逐渐消失。例如：As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.夜晚降临夜晚降临, 海岸线在黑暗中逐渐消失了。海岸线在黑暗中逐渐消失了。Key Words Studyvanish

53、, disappear & fade这三个动词均有这三个动词均有“消失消失”之意。之意。CF: vanish 语气强，往往是神秘而突然地消失语气强，往往是神秘而突然地消失,不留任何蛛丝马迹。不留任何蛛丝马迹。The thief vanished into the crowd.那小偷消失在人群中。那小偷消失在人群中。16. consume: vt.Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the worlds oil.这辆汽车很费汽油。这辆汽车很费汽油。 1) use f

54、uel, energy or time, especially in large amountsThe car consumes a lot of fuel.He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽。他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽。 2) eat or drinkHe soon consumed his fortune.Key Words StudyConsumerconsumingconsumption17. perspective: n. a point of viewHer attitude lends a

55、fresh perspective to the .He sees things in their right perspective. Collocation: put sth. into perspective全面考虑某事全面考虑某事view sth. from a new perspective用新的眼光看待某事用新的眼光看待某事look at / see sth. in perspective正确地看待事物正确地看待事物Key Words StudyPattern:propose an alternative fall back on an alternative an alterna

56、tive tono alternative but to提出另一种选择提出另一种选择依靠一种办法依靠一种办法的替换物的替换物除除外别无选择外别无选择1) n. sth. that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering the possibility of choiceIm afraid I have no alternative but to ask you to leave.18. alternative: There are several alternatives to

57、your plan.除了你的计划，另有几种选择方案。除了你的计划，另有几种选择方案。2) adj. available in place of sth. else; otherThe opposition parties have so far failed to set out an alternative strategy.Have you got an alternative suggestion?你有没有可供选择的建议？你有没有可供选择的建议？Key Words Study19. compete: v.try to win sth. by defeating others who ar

58、e trying to do the sameJohn competed for a place at school, but he didnt get in.虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。Although there were only four horses competing, it was an exciting race.Pattern:compete against (with)compete forcompete in与与竞争竞争为为竞争竞争在在中竞争中竞争Key Words Studycompetitorcompetitioncompeti

59、tiveText Detailed ReadingThere is one gas present in the air we breathe that is essential to life. Unfortunately, one can have too much of a good thing and the growth in carbon dioxide threatens to warm up our planet to a dangerous extent. Isaac Asimov introduces us to this villain in the atmosphere

60、, explaining how it works and what can be done about it.The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity only 0.034 percent that it does us no harm.Whats more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the