第十章 经贸合同的翻译

1、第十章第十章 经贸合同的翻译经贸合同的翻译第一节第一节合同（合同（Contract）概述概述n 1999年中国合同法第二条对Contract定义为：nA contract refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subject of equal footing, that is, between natural persons legal persons or other organizations。n Steven H. Gi

2、ftsn“contract is a promise or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”n A Dictionary of Law（L.L.B Curzon）nContract is a legally binding agreement.n 商务合同，按其繁简程度的不同，可以采用n正式合同(CONTRACT)n协议书(AGREEMENT)n确认书(CONFIRMA

3、TION)n备忘录(MEMORANDUM)n订单(ORDER)主要内容主要内容n 合同名称 (TITLE)n 前文 (PREAMBLE) n A. 合同当事人的名称或姓名、国籍、主营业所或住所(SIGNING PARTIES AND EACH PARTYS AUTHORITY)n B. 合同签定的日期和地点 (DATE AND PLACE 0F SIGNING)n C. 订约缘由 (RECITALS 0R WHEREAS CLAUSE)n D. 合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围 (TYPE 0F THE CONTRACT AND THE KIND，SCOPE 0F THE SUBJECT MA

4、TTER 0F THE CONTRACT) n 正文 (BODY)n A定义条款 (DEFINITION CLAUSE)n 包括合同标的的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量(TECHNICAL CONDITIONS, QUALITY, STANDARD, SPECIFICATIONS AND QUANTITIES OF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE CONTRACT)n B基本条款 (BASIC CONDITIONS)n 包括价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附带的费用(TERMS OF PRICE，AMOUNT AND WAY OF PAYMENT，AND VARIOUS

5、 ADDITIONAL CHARGE)n C一般条款 (GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS) n a) 合同有效期限 (Duration)n b) 合同的终止 (Termination) n c) 不可抗力 (Force Majeure) n d) 合同的让与 (Assignment) n e) 仲裁 (Arbitration)n f) 适用的法律 (Governing Law)n g) 诉讼管辖 (Jurisdiction) n h) 合同的修改 (Amendment)n i) 其它(others)n 结尾条款 (WITNESS CLAUSE)n A合同使用的文字及其效

6、力 (LANGUAGE AND VALIDITY) n B签名 (SIGNATURE)n C盖印 (SEAL)商务合同的条款解读商务合同的条款解读n CONTRACT DATE (签约日期条款)n PROVISION（条款）：n This Agreement is made on date. n 本合同签订于【日期】。n IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES (合同方定义条款) n PROVISION：n This Agreement is made between full name of party A of address of party A, a/an descript

7、ion and nationality of party A, and full name of party B of address of party B, a/an description and nationality of party B. n 【甲方的全称】【地址】【性质描述】【国籍】【“卖方”】及n 【乙方的全称】【地址】【性质描述】【国籍】【“买方”】签订本合同。GOODS-DESCRIPTION， QUANTITY， AND PRICE (货物货物描述、数量和价格条款描述、数量和价格条款)n PROVISION：n SALE AND PURCHASE OF GOODS. The

8、 Seller agrees to sell to the Buyer, and the Buyer agrees to purchase from the Seller, goods (the Goods) that are specify either as described in the attached Exhibit A, which is incorporated into this Agreement or of the following type for the price and quantity stated：n n 买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下所述(或本合同附件1所

9、述)n Model Number：n Description：n Quantity：n Price：n Item：n Total Price：n 货物：n 型号：n 描述：n 数量：n 价格：n 细目：n 总价：PAYMENT TERMS (支付条款支付条款)n The Buyer will pay the purchase price specify e.g., on or before (date) or not later than (number) days before the Delivery Date. The payment must be remitted to the Se

10、ller at the address stated above or specify other address. The payment must be made in currency by means of instrument of transfer.n 在【日期】之前或发货前一天，买方向卖方支付货款【金额】。付款必须以【币种】形式通过【支付手段】汇至如下【地址】。COSTS AND CHARGES (费用条款费用条款)n PROVISION：n COSTS AND CHARGES. The buyer is responsible for the following costs a

11、nd charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods: list. The seller is responsible for the following costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods： list.n 在货物的销售和运输过程中，买卖双方承担的费用如下：【列表】PACKAGING ARRANGEMENTS(包装条款包装条款)n PROVISION：n PACKAGING ARRANGEMENTS. The Seller has di

12、scretion in packaging the goods, provided that the packaging must withstand transportation, prevent damage to the goods during transport, and comply with the following requirements: specify，e.g., product warning and origin marking laws of the Buyers country, as set forth in Exhibit A annexed to this

13、 Agreement. The Seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the Delivery Date. If there is any delay, the Seller will immediately notify the Buyer of the delay, the expected time for completion, and the reason for the delay. The buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with

14、the Seller for a new Delivery Date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this Agreement, or to notify the Seller that the Agreement is terminated.n 货物的包装将由卖方负责。包装应防止货物在长途运输中受到损坏，并符合以下要求：【例如：标明产品的警示和产地，如本合同附件A所示】。卖方应尽力在交货期之前完成货物的包装。如无法完成，应立即通知买方，并同时告之拖延的原因和预计完成日期。买方将选择是终止合同，

15、或是与卖方重新确定交货日期并以书面形式确认对合同的修改。TRANSPORTATION AND DELIVERY OF GOODS(装运条款装运条款)n PROVISION：n DELIVERY AND TRANSPORT OF GOODS. The Goods will be delivered trade term, e.g., F.O.B. place on or before date (Delivery Date). The Seller will deliver the Goods in a single shipment. The mode of transport to the

16、point of delivery is at the Sellers discretion. The Seller will make every effort to commence transport of the Goods so that they will arrive by the Delivery Date.n If there is any delay, the Seller will immediately notify the Buyer of the delay, the expected time for delivery, and the reason for th

17、e delay. The Buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the Seller for a new Delivery Date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this Agreement, or to notify the Seller that the Agreement is terminated.n 卖方应于【发运日期】前将合同的货物一次运至【贸易术语，如FOB】【地点】。运输方式由卖方决定。卖方应尽量将货物按时运抵交货

18、地。如有延误，卖方应及时通知买方以及预期到达的时间和延误的原因。买方有权选择重新谈判，确定新的交货期，或是终止合同。对合同的修改应以书面形式加以确认。TITLE TO GOODS (货物的物权条款货物的物权条款)n PROVISION：n TITLE TO GOODS. Title to the Goods will pass to the Buyer at the time the Goods are delivered to place, provided the Buyer has transmitted payment to the Seller by that time.n 货物的物

19、权将在货物运抵【地点】时转移给买方，如果此时买方已向卖方付款。IMPORT/EXPORT DOCUMENTATION (进出进出口文件条款口文件条款)n PROVISION：n IMPORT/EXPORT DOCUMENTATION. The Seller will be responsible for obtaining, completing, and presenting to country customs all export documentation and fees required for clearance, including the following: list.Th

20、e Buyer will be responsible for obtaining, completing, and presenting to country customs all import documentation and fees required for clearance, including the following: list. The Buyer must notify the Seller that all import requirements have been met. The Seller is not requited to ship then Goods

21、 until the Buyer furnishes the Seller with proof that the import requirements and fees have been or will be timely met. If shipment is delayed because the Buyer fails to furnish such proof timely, the Seller will not be deemed to have breached the contract.n 卖方负责申请和向【国家名】海关出示全部出口许可文件，并支付必要的报关费用，具体如下

22、【清单】。买方负责申请和向【国家名】海关出示全部进口文件，并支付必要的报关费用，具体如下【清单】。买方必须通知卖方已按要求取得全部进口许可文件。在买方向卖方提供全部进口许可文件已经得到或将按时得到的凭证之前，卖方可以不履行发货。如果由于买方未能按时提供类似的凭证而导致卖方延迟交货，卖方将不被视作违约。INVOICES (发票条款发票条款)n PROVISION：INVOICES. The Seller will issue provisional invoices and final invoices for the shipment of the Goods. The invoices mu

23、st specifically describe the Goods, the quantity of the Goods, and the price of the Goods.n 卖方应出具临时发票和用于发货的最终发票。发票应包括货物描述、货物数量和价格等内容。n 说明：在国际贸易中，发票的作用是确认发货、通知发货和用于报关。合同中还应规定发票需符合买方国或卖方国法律、法规的要求，最好将这些要求在合同的附件中列出。RE-EXPORTATION PROHIBITION (禁止禁止再出口条款再出口条款)n PROVISION：n RE-EXPORTATION. The Buyer covena

24、nts that the Goods will be shipped to and delivered in country and that the Buyer will not ship or deliver the Goods to any other country, nor will the Buyer re-export the Goods after delivery in country.n 买方保证将货物运至【国家名】而非其他国家，并保证在货物运抵【国家名】后不再出口。INSPECTION RIGHTS(检验权条款检验权条款)n PROVISION：n INSPECTIONS

25、. The Buyer is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the Goods at the Sellers place of business or point of shipping. The Seller will pay return freight charges and will replace Goods that the Buyer or its agent rejects with Goods that meet the description and specifications set forth i

26、n this Agreement. On completion of the inspection and acceptance of the Goods，the Buyer or its agent will execute a certificate of inspection and acceptance. The inspection and execution of the certificate will be at the Buyers cost. The Buyers failure to inspect the Goods will constitute a waiver o

27、f the right of inspection，and the Buyer will be deemed to have accepted the Goods as delivered.n 买方或其代理有权到【卖方的营业地或发货地】检验货物。卖方应将被买方或其代理拒收的货物按照合同要求的予以更换，并承担全部运费。检验和验收结束后，买方或其代理将出具检验和验收证书。检验和出证的费用将由买方承担。买方不执行检验表示买方放弃检验权且买方接受发运的货物。WARRANTIES (担保条款担保条款)n PROVISION：n EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES. The Se

28、ller expressly warrants that the Goods ate free from all defects of material, workmanship, or installation. Within number days after delivery, the Seller will replace free of all charges, including the cost of transportation, any part of the Goods found defective. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS

29、AGREEMENT，THE SELLER DOES NOT WARRANT THE GOODS IN ANY MANNER AT ALL. IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF MERCHANTABILITY ARE DISCLAIMED. THE GOODS ARE SOLD AS IS AND THE BUYER UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT NO RELIANCE HAS BEEN PLACED ON THE SELLERS SKILL AND JUDGMENT TO SELEC

30、T OR FURNISH GOODS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.n 卖方明确担保货物的材料、制造和安装没有任何缺陷。发货后【天数】天内，如发现缺陷，卖方应免费更换缺陷部件并承担全部费用。卖方不承担在本合同明确规定以外的任何形式的担保。对货物的特殊用途和适销性默示担保将予以排除。货物“按现状”出售，买方理解并认可卖方对货物特殊用途或适销性缺乏判断能力。n 说明：在货物的适销性或质量方面，卖方可以提供有限担保或无限担保，也可能根本不提供担保。担保的条件应在合同中明确说明。某些国家的法律承认货物的默示担保，除非卖方明确地予以排除。联合国国际货物销售合同公约也认可默示担保。

31、由于执行的难度，建议合同各方在担保条款的段落签字。INDEMNITY (赔偿条款赔偿条款)n PROVISION：n INDEMNIFICATION OF BUYER. Provided the Buyer has not altered the Goods or the packaging of the Goods in any manner before sale, the Seller will defend any suit for damages brought against the Buyer based on a defect in the materials, design,

32、 or manufacturing of the Goods or on patent or trademark infringement in connection with the sale or use of the Goods. If an action is brought against the Buyer，it will promptly notify the Seller. The Seller will indemnify the Buyer against any liability, damage, or expenses incurred in connection w

33、ith any such suit and will pay any judgment entered against the Buyer in such suit.n 如果买方在销售之前未曾变动货物或其包装，那么卖方应对任何因货物的材料、设计、制造方面的缺陷或专利商标侵权行为，对买方在销售或使用中造成的损害而面临起诉的情况负责。如果买方被提起诉讼，应立即通知卖方。卖方应对买方与该诉讼有关的任何责任、损失和费用予以赔偿并支付买方判决的费用。INTELLECTUAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (知识产权条款知识产权条款)n PROVISION：n INTELL

34、ECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION. The Buyer understands that the Seller owns the exclusive rights in the designs，patents，trademarks, trade names, and company names (the Intellectual Property) used in connection with the Sellers Goods. The Buyer is given no rights in any of the Sellers Intellectual Propert

35、y. The Buyer will not use the Sellers Intellectual Property as if it were the Buyers own property，nor will the Buyer register the Sellers Intellectual Property in any country as if it were the Buyers own. The Buyer acknowledges that its unauthorized use or registration of the Sellers Intellectual Pr

36、operty, or of any intellectual property that is confusingly or deceptively similar to the Sellers Intellectual Property, will be deemed an infringement of the Sellers exclusive rights. n 买方理解卖方独家拥有所售货物的设计、专利、商标、贸易名称和公司名称(“知识产权”)。买方不拥有任何卖方的知识产权。买方既不会使用也不会在任何国家注册卖方的知识产权。买方理解未经授权使用或注册卖方的知识产权或具有迷惑性和欺诈性的

37、类似的知识产权，都将构成对卖方独家权利的侵害。n 说明：针对知识产权、商标、服务标志、贸易名称、专利和设计等侵权行为应在当事各方建立关系之始予以尽可能的防范。相对于引起的损失，现有的针对侵权行为的法律补救方法是不够的，所以建议采用损害赔偿条款。TIMELY PERFORMANCE (按时履行合同条款按时履行合同条款)n PROVISION：n TIME. The patties agree that specify, e.g., time is of the essence or timely performance of this Agreement is important, provid

38、ed that if a party fails to perform on time, the parties will strive to renegotiate the terms.n 合同各方同意【如：按时履行本合同是重要的，或若一方无法按时执行该合同，各方应尽力重新进行谈判】。CONDITIONS PRECEDENT (先决条件条款先决条件条款)n PROVISION：n CONDITIONS PRECEDENT. This Agreement is subject to specify, e.g., the issuance of an import license to the

39、Buyer by the appropriate agency of (country) government and the issuance of an export license to the Seller by the appropriate agency of (country) government.n 【国家名】政府机构向买方颁发进口许可证和【国家名】政府机构向卖方颁发出口许可证后，本合同方可生效。n 说明：应在合同中写明每一项当事方履行合同义务的先决条件。如果合同依赖某些条件的发生，那么为明确意图，最好将可令合同终止的条件全部列出。CANCELLATION (取消合同条款取消

40、合同条款)n PROVISION：n RIGHTTOCANCEL. The Buyer has a right to cancel this Agreement if the Seller fails specify, e.g., to ship all or any of the Goods on time. The Seller has a right to cancel this Agreement if the Buyer fails specify, e.g., to make any payment required by this Agreement within (number

41、) days of its clue date. If either party notifies the other party that it will not, or is unable to, perform this Agreement, the party receiving notice is entitled to cancel the Agreement. To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to the other party that the Ag

42、reement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of nonperformance.n 如果卖方未能【如：按时发运全部或部分货物】，买方有权取消本合同；如果买方未能【如：在规定的(天数)天内支付合同要求的款项】，卖方有权取消本合同。如果合同的一方向对方发出将不再或无法履行合同的通知，收到通知的一方有权取消合同。为使取消合同的行为生效，寻求取消的一方应通知另一方。收到该通知之日便是合同取消之日。n 说明：如果任何一方都有

43、权取消合同，应明确写出行使该权利的基础，并要求书面通知。取消合同权条款向合同的一方提供了一种不必一定通过法律程序达到满意结果的补救方法。 FORCE MAJEURE (不可抗力条款不可抗力条款)n PROVISION：n FORCE MAJEURE. This Agreement will be deemed canceled, and neither party will have any liability to the other for losses resulting from nonperformance, if delivery is prevented by causes be

44、yond the control of the Seller. Such causes include, but ate not limited to, acts of nature, labor disputes, failure of essential means of transportation, or changes in policy with respect to exports Or imports by the country government or the country government.n 如果由于卖方不可控制的原因导致无法发货，本合同将被取消，合同当事方对于

45、不履行合同给对方造成的损失不负任何责任。这样的原因包括但不限于：自然现象、劳工纠纷、主要运输方式的停运和【国家名】或【国家名】进出口政策的变更。LIQUIDATED DAMAGES (损失赔偿条款损失赔偿条款)n PROVISION：n LIQUIDATED DAMAGES. Each party understands that a breach of this Agreement will cause the nonbreaching party damages that will be difficult to calculate in terms of sales, markets,

46、and goodwill lost. It is agreed that the parties have considered what would be a reasonable estimate of the damages each would suffer if the other were to breach this Agreement. If the Seller cannot deliver the Goods for any reason other than by fault of the Buyer, the Seller will pay to the Buyer a

47、s liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount. If the Buyer fails to furnish shipping instructions, wrongfully refuses to accept the Goods, or fails to pay the amount due on time, the Buyer will pay to the Seller as liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount. If the Buyer infringes the

48、Sellers Intellectual Property, the Buyer will pay to the Seller as liquidated damages the sum of currency and amount for each day of continued use. Payment of liquidated damages will not, in any way, affect the Sellers rights to enjoin the Buyers continued use of the Sellers Intellectual Property.n

49、合同各方理解任何违约行为都将使非过错一方在销售、市场或良好愿望方面遭受难以计算的损失。合同各方同意考虑用一种合理的方式来估价一方因另一方违约而遭受的损失。如果卖方因为某些不能归咎于买方的过错而未能发货，卖方将向买方支付【金额】作为损失赔偿。如果买方未能发出运输指令、错误地拒收货物或不按时付款，买方将向卖方支付【金额】作为损失赔偿。如果买方侵犯了卖方的知识产权，买方为每一天的侵权行为将向卖方支付【金额】的损失赔偿。支付了损失赔偿将不影响卖方的禁止买方使用卖方的知识产权的权利。 ARBITRATION (仲裁条款仲裁条款)n PROVISION：n ARBITRATION. Except when

50、 liquidated damages apply, if a dispute arises between the parties to this Agreement with regard to any of the provisions or the performance of any terms and conditions of this Agreement, the dispute will be settled by binding/nonbinding arbitration to be conducted in accordance with the name of arb

51、itration rules in location.n 因执行本合同发生的或与本合同的条款有关的争议，采用损失赔偿除外，可在【地点】根据【仲裁规则】通过【约束性的/非约束性的】仲裁予以解决。GOVERNING LAW AND CHOICE OF FORUM (适用法律条款适用法律条款)n PROVISION： n FORUM AND GOVERNING LAW. The parties understand and agree that the laws of location will be applied to interpret this Agreement. This Agreeme

52、nt is/is not to be interpreted by application of the United Nations Convention on International Sale of Goods. Any action filed to resolve a dispute between the parties must be brought in location.n 双方同意本合同适用【地点】的法律。联合国国际货物销售合同公约将【适用不适用】于本合同。任何旨在解决双方纠纷的行为应在：【地点】进行。AMENDMENTS TO CONTRACT (合同合同的修改条款的修

53、改条款)n PROVISION：n MODIFICATIONS AND WAIVERS. All modifications of this Agreement must be in writing and signed by the parties or their authorized agents. If a party waives any of its rights under this Agreement to make a claim for breach, that waiver will have no effect with regard to the partys Tig

54、ht to enforce the Agreement as to any subsequent breach.n 合同的修改必须以书面形式确立并经各方或其授权代表签字。如果一方放弃了某项对违约的索赔权，这种放弃并不影响该合同方对随后的违约行为行使合同权利。INUREMENT AND ASSIGNMENT (生生效和转让条款效和转让条款)n PROVISION：n INUREMENT AND ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement binds, and inures to the benefit of, the parties, their successors, and ass

55、ignees, subject to the limitations of any assignment. Neither party may assign the rights or delegate the performance of its duties under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.n 本合同对各当事方、其继承人和符合规定的转让人有效并具有约束力。未经另一方预先的书面认可，不得转让或委派本合同项下的权利和责任。SEVERABILITY (分离条款分离条款)n PROV

56、ISION：n SEVERABILITY OF P R O V I S I O N S. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable for any reason, that provision is fully separable, and will be deemed separated from, the rest of this Agreement. The remaining provisions will be valid and enforceable as if the invalid

57、or unenforceable provision were not part of this Agreement.n 如果由于某些原因，本合同的任何条款失效或无法执行，该条款是完全可分离的并且应该与合同的其余部分分离。如同那些失效的、无法执行的条款不属于本合同一样，合同的余下条款仍是有效的、可执行的。INTEGRATION (整体性条款整体性条款)n PROVISION：n ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement is the entire understanding between the parties. The Seller is not bound by

58、any statements, representations, promises, or inducements, regardless of whether made by the Seller, an agent, or employee, unless it is set forth in this Agreement. The Buyer specifically agrees that no reliance has been placed on any representations other than the provisions contained in this Agre

59、ement.n 本合同的拟定建立在双方完全相互理解的基础之上。除非写入本合同，否则卖方或其代理人、雇员所做的任何声明、陈述、承诺和劝说不能作为对卖方的约束。买方完全同意，不信赖本合同条款以外的任何陈述。NOTICES (通知条款通知条款)n PROVISION：n To give notice pursuant to this Agreement, a party must send written notice to the other party at the address stated in this Agreement. Notice is deemed to be given at

60、 the time it is received. A party must notify the other party in writing of any change in address within number days of the effective date of the change.n 有关本合同的通知必须按合同所列的地址发送对方。收到通知之时应视为通知已送达。如果一方的地址发生变更，应在【天数】天之内通知对方。AUTHORITY TO BIND PARTY TO CONTRACT (签约授权条款签约授权条款)n PROVISION： n BINDING AUTHORIT