常用临床医学英文术语

1、精品文档常用临床医学英文术语diseases疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases 慢性病communicable diseases传染病complicating diseases并发病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases地方病epidemic diseases流行病functional diseases机能病、官能病infectious diseases传染病inheri

2、ted diseases遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases营养病occupation diseases职业病organic diseases器质性病paroxysmal diseases阵发性病periodical diseases周期病。1欢迎下载精品文档primary （principal）diseases 原发（主导）病secondary diseases继发病sexual （venereal, social）diseases性病terminal diseases绝症wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chief compla

3、int主诉clinical manifestation临床表现delivery history分娩史etiology 病因学family history家族史history, medical history病史precipitating（ induced ）诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis发病机制personal history个人史 symptoms 症状cardinal symptom主要症状classical symptom典型症状concom

4、itant symptom伴发症状constitutional（systemic ） symptom 全身症状。2欢迎下载精品文档indirect symptom间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom局部症状mental symptom 精神症状symptom-complex （ syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群signs 体征antecedent前驱征assident（accessory ） 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease病征subjective自

5、觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征 vital sign生命体征body length（height of the body） 身高body weight体重barrel chest桶状胸cachexia恶病质compulsive position被动体位critical facies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷。3欢迎下载精品文档entropion睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face面色潮红gain（ loss ） in weight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭lordosis脊柱前凸nasal ala flap

6、鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity肥胖pallor苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation焦急不安debility, weakness虚弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo眩晕lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠malaise不适night sweat盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill寒冷，发冷。4欢迎下载精品文档perspiration, sweating出汗pruritus, itching痒，somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感 abscess 脓肿acidosis酸中毒adhesion粘连

7、alkalosis碱中毒allergy过敏coagulation defect凝血不良congestion充血dehydration脱水distention膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒。5欢迎下载精品文档metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock 休克respon

8、se 反应，应答reaction反应，感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡 fever, pyrexia发烧，发热continuous fever稽留热intermittent fever间歇热low-grade fever低热remittent fever驰张热relapsing fever回归热 pain痛burning pain灼痛chest （ flank,） pain 胸（胁腹）痛cramp-like pain痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛radiatingpain （pain radiatingto

9、 ） 放射性痛（放射到疼痛） angina绞痛cardiac angina心绞痛backache 背痛。6欢迎下载精品文档colic绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia神经痛migraine偏头痛rebound tenderness反跳痛somatalgia躯体痛sore throat咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache牙痛bloody sputum带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough干咳expectoration咳痰expectoration of blood咳血hemoptysis咳血 anoxia缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息as

10、thma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表。7欢迎下载精品文档hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratory arrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetid breath口臭fruity breath呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest心搏骤停cardiac hypertro

11、phy心脏肥大cyanosis发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张extrasystole期外收缩gallop rhythm奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速pneumothorax 气胸。8欢迎下载精品文档thrill震颤absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dull sound浊音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音 anore

12、xia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食dysphagia吞咽困难eructation嗳气belching嗳气flatulence气胀flatus肠胃气，屁gaseous distention胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis胃灼热regurgitation反胃，回流thirsty口渴vomiting呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂ascites腹水。9欢迎下载精品文档board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹decreas

13、ed tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices食管静脉曲张fistula瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid痔hernia疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception肠套叠jaundice黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫peristalsis蠕动loss of peristalsis蠕动消失mass peristalsis总蠕动retrograde（reversed ） peristalsis逆蠕动prolapse脱垂prolapse of anus脱肛rectal p

14、rolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus肠扭转 calculus 结石， 石biliary calculus胆结石vesical calculus膀胱结石 constipation便秘defecation排便diarrhea腹泻。10欢迎下载精品文档incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction大便嵌塞occult blood潜血painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动clay colored stools陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样

15、呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools便少而硬tarry （black ） stools柏油样便 anuria无尿burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting遗尿frequency of urination尿频micturation排尿uresis, urination, voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oligu

16、ria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重。11欢迎下载精品文档uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination尿急urinary incontinence尿失禁 aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria脓尿 amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia月经过多lochia恶露menorrhea 行经，月

17、经过多menstruation月经uterine contraction子宫收缩 blotch斑点bruise挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑。12欢迎下载精品文档ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule丘疹petechia瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉着pustule脓疱purpura紫癫red nodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senile plaque老人斑spider anaioma蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria荨麻疹ves

18、icle小水疱vitiligo白斑 blindness失明blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊impaired vision视力下降lacrimation流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia畏光，羞明。13欢迎下载精品文档retinal detachment视网膜脱离 deafness聋hearing loss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血impaired smelling嗅觉障碍nasal discharge鼻涕nasal obstruction鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏sno

19、re 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding齿龈出血herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots科普利克斑lead line of the gum龈铅线salivation, drooling流口水straw-berry tongue草莓舌tremulous tongue舌震颤 atrophy萎缩contracture挛缩deformity畸形，变形dislocation脱位fracture骨折。14欢迎下载精品文档closed（simple ）fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折co

20、mminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compound fracture哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm 痉挛tetany（肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop腕下垂 aphasia失语ataxia共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness知觉，意识convulsion抽搐，惊厥delirium谵妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高insanity精神错乱loss of orie

21、ntation定向丧失mania 躁狂。15欢迎下载精品文档memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐somnolence,（lethargy ） 昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning 打哈欠 crisis危象cerebral（febrile,hematic,hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,） crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒）危象failure衰竭，故障cent

22、ral（ circulatory,cardiac,myocardiac,peripheral,congestive,renal, respiratory） failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸）衰竭 diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion叩诊laboratory examination实验室检查physical examination体格检查。16欢迎下载精品文档rectal（vaginal ） touch直肠（阴道）指诊impression印象tentative diagnosis暂定诊

23、断differential diagnosis鉴别诊断final diagnosis最后诊断prognosis预后prescription处方incubation（latent） period潜伏期prodromal stage前驱期incipient stage初期quiescent stage静止期alleviation减轻，缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence（recovery ） stage恢复期rehabilitation康复relapse复发sudden death猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease病程course of the