山东省临沂市-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

1、.山东省临沂市2017-2018 学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40 分 )第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）ALife-Changing Science DiscoveriesHere s a look at some discoveries that have changed the world. It s impossible to rank their importancelisted in the order they were discoveredMicro-organismBefore French chemist Louis Pa

2、steur began experimenting with bacteria in the 1860s, people did not know what caused disease. He not only discovered that disease came from micro-organisms, but also realized that bacteria could be killed by heat and disinfectant( 消毒剂 ). This idea caused doctors to wash their hands and disinfect th

3、eir instruments, which has saved millions of lives.PenicillinAntibiotics are powerful drugs that kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies that make us sick. In 1928, British Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, which he grew in his lab. Without antibiotics, infections like str

4、ep throat could be deadlyDNAOn February 28, 1853, James Watson of the United Statesand Francis Crick of England made one of the greatestscientificdiscoveries in history. The two scientists found the structure of DNA.Our genes are made of DNAanddetermine how things like what color hair and eye we ll

5、have. In 1962, theyhewereNobelawaPrizededfort this work .The discovery has helped doctors understand diseases and may someday prevent some illnesses like heart disease and cancer.X-raysWilhelm Roentgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays in 1895. X-rays go right through some substances, like fles

6、h and wood, but are stopped by others, such as bones and lead. This allows them to be used to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases, which makes them useful for doctors and security officers. For this discovery, Roentgen was awarded the first-ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.21.What did

7、 Louis Pasteur contribute to the world?A. He discovered bacteriaB. His findings helped save livesC. He found ways to grow bacteriaD. His discovery won a Nobel Prize22.Which discovery was made by two scientists from different countries?A. Micro-organismB. PenicillinC. DNAD. X-rays23.Why is the discov

8、ery of X-rays important?A. It can be used to see through bones and leadB. It can help us to know why we are differentC. It is useful for doctor and security officersD. It is used to kill dangerous bacteria in our bodies.24.What is common among the discoveries above?A. They can help to prevent certai

9、n diseasesB. They are all related to medical fieldsC. They are awarded the Nobel PrizeD. They are all made in EuropeBOne morning while Officer Vogel was on his coffee break in a restaurant, a man ran in a yelled.“ Ois driving a car down the street!"He ran out at once and saw a car going slowly-

10、about 25 miles an hour-but it wasn t going very straight. He jumpedinto his police car and followed it. When the car was stopped, Officer Vogel looked inside. The driver was a little boy. Hisname was Rocco Morabiro and he was 5. In the back seat was his two-year-old sister. Both children were crying

11、."I want my mummy!" the boy cried. "But she can't get here. I have the car.” Then he had an idea. "Ju;.told Officer V ogel. "I can drive. I'll go to get her.”“ No!" Officer Vogel said. “ You stay with me!" Then he drove them to the police station and he cal

12、led their mother. They had many questions for Rocco. The first question was: "Where did you get the car keys?"Rocco said. “ From the top of the refrigerator." At seven that morning Rocco's father was at work and his mother wassleeping, Rocco saw the keys on top of the refrigerator

13、. He climbed up on a chair, and took the keys.Rocco got into the car and started the engine. When Rocco's sister heard the engine, she ran to the car and cried. She wanted to go with him.It was 7 a. m.-rush hour-so there was much traffic. Rocco drove one mile in heavy traffic. Then Officer V oge

14、l stopped him.Newspapers and TV stations heard about Rocco, and a lot of reporters went to his house. One reporter asked Rocco,“ What do you want to be when you grow up?" “ A truck driver," he said, smiling.25.Why did the officer asked Rocco to stay with him?A. He would drive them homeB. O

15、ther cars would go much fasterC. Rocco would not cause any accidentD. Rocco s sister would not feel alone26.For what purpose were Rocco and his sister taken to the police station?A. To have a good breakfastB. To learn some traffic rulesC. To answer the policemen s questions D. To wait for their moth

16、er and deal with the matter27.According to the reporters, Rocco s driving was_.A. unbelievableB. disappointingC. reasonableD. boringCDerek Rabclo is not the only surfer to conquer Hawaii' s famous Pipeline big wave break, but while all others usetheir sight to do it, this young professional surf

17、er must rely only on his other senses. That's because he is completely blind.When Derek was born, over 24 years ago, he got his name from Derek Ho, the first Hawaiian surfing world champion.A surfing enthusiast himself, Emesto dreamed that his son would share the talent of his uncle, a professio

18、nal surfer. Unfortunately, Derek was born completely blind, but this didn't slop his family from believing lhat he could do anythinghe wanted, even if that meant becoming a surfer.At age 2, Derek received a bodyboard and the beaches of Guarapari, Brazil, became his backyard. He was alwayscomfort

19、able in the water and surfing was in his blood, but he didn t actually try riding a wave,whenunthilshe turnedfather bought him a surfboard. His father taught him the basics and encouraged him to keep practicing,but aftersuccessfully standing up on the surfboard, Derek knew he needed to become much b

20、etter if he was going to achieveEmesto's dream and become a professional surfer. So he joined the Praia do Moroo surf school, where he studied under coach Fabio Maru.Standing up on a surfboard and conquering small waves is one thing, while gathering the courage to take on Hawaii's board-brea

21、king Pipeline is another. But that s exactly whatDerek Rabelo set out to do just months after learning how to surf. Everyone told him it was too dangerous, but he felt he could do it. And he did, earning the praise of famous professional surfers like Kelly Slater and Mick Fanning. Now 24, Rabelo has

22、 been surfing the Pipeline every winter since.28. What does the first paragraph tell us?A. Good eyesight is necessary for becoming good suffers.B. Nobody has ever conquered Hawaii s big wave break.C. Derek Rabelo dreams to conquer Hawaii's big wave break.D. Derek Rabelo is the only blind profess

23、ional surfer to conquer Hawaii s big wave break.29. How did Ernesto behave after Derek was born?A. He named him after his uncle.B. He never lost confidence in him.C. He sent him to a surfing champion.D. He started his own interest in surfing.;.30. After Derek was able to stand up on the surfboard, h

24、e _ .A. began to try riding a waveB. was no longer afraid of waterC. realized he still had a long way to goD. knew his father s dream had come true31. Which of the following words can best describe Derek according to the last paragraph?A. Brave and confident.B. Skillful but proud.C. Thoughtful and m

25、odest.D. Courageous but stubborn.DSay you re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to beone of your favorites.“ Oh, that game s easy. So not worth the time,”Theoneothersofyouragrefrie.ndsAlthoughsays.you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting

26、to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure（同伴压力） , also called peer influence. Youwill adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of agroup of your“ peers ” . As a teen,you are like

27、ly to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your pe

28、ers naturallyplay a greater role in your life.According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their ownand in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisionsin the heat of the momentor insocial situations, their dec

29、isions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played

30、alone. This shows that teens may find itmore difficult to controlrisky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer projec

31、t because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So w

32、hen it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.32. According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens _.A. like to play driving games with their friendsB. prefer situations where they have time to thinkC. may take more risks when their friends are aroundD. are slow in making de

33、cisions when they are on their own33. What do the underlined words“ in the heat of the moment” in Paragraphmean?4probablyA. when teens avoid possible risksB. when teens trust their judgmentC. when teens lose control over their angerD. when teens give consideration to situations34. What can we learn

34、from the passage?A. Teens are eager to be different from their peers.B. Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens.C. Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults.D. Teens think it challenging to get good grades at school.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

35、 A. Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It?B. Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It?C. Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend MakingD. Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项When I was sev

36、en years old, I got the greatest Christmas gift ever.to be a superhero. I may not able to fly, but I make a difference to someoneto someone. Here are four ways you can be a real life superhero.36 Now I realize I actually have the power s life. We all have the power to be a superhero;.37 Think about

37、what it is. It could be your support, time, advice, a small gift or a thank-you card. Sometimes, even just the most harmless message can bring someone out of darkness and into the light. It s something that you have to give that can help others.Keep yourself healthy.38Look after your body and helpin

38、g people will be easier. Youll have a clear mindand energy to achieve any task in your way.Pick your fight. Everysuperhero has a battle. It s something that drives them to be the person they are.39Itcould be anything such as working towards helping reduce the number of homeless people on the street.

39、 The fight does not need to be big, but it needs to be powerful.Make someones day. Real life superheroes try to improve the lives of all the people they meet.40You canalso try your best to absolutely make someon esday every once in a while. The people who get your help will thank you for it.A. What

40、syour fight?B. Stay happy all the time.C. It was a Batman costume, complete with bell and shoes.D. Use the things you have to help someone without them.E. You cantbe a superhero if you don ttake care of your body.F. They try their best to turn someon esbad day into a good one.G. They just want to ge

41、t up, save the world and forget it ever happened.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）It was Christmas evening. I just41home from the nearby grocery store with all kinds of things. The kitchenwas 42with brown bags and boxes. On seeing me coming back, my youngest son, Isaiah, reached

42、 me and43ifI would play a game with him.I took Isaiah s44. He stood there and his green eyes were45. “Here is a Christmas46for you.Please find it. You can see something silver.”he said. I began to look for it. I47the table in the corner and someother places.After a few seconds, I saw there was a48sn

43、ow globe on the top of the piano. It was silvery and beautiful. Iheld the cool49 in my hands. Isaiah said to me that it was to50the one that he had broken the year before. Iwas puzzled completely. So I bent my51beside him. He added52saved enough money and asked his elderbrother, Logan to help him bu

44、y this one to53 the broken one. They just wanted to give me a (n)54.Logan nodded and smiled. When I55 the key on the bottom of the globe, the quiet room was full of elegantmusic. Isaiah said, “Mum,do you remember how Iby accident56your snow globe? It broke on the ground57the music was still going on

45、. I was so, so sad.”His face turned a little58. But the truth was that I did not quite59the broken snow globe after a long time. But Isaiah had been sorry for his60 all the time. I was sure I would keepthis snow globe in my mind forever.41.A. arrangedB. leftC. cleanedD. returned42.A. filledB. loaded

46、C. providedD. covered43.A. decidedB. apologizedC. beggedD. explained44.A. questionB. adviceC. choiceD. time45.A. dullB. sadC. sleepyD. bright46.A. cardB. giftC. cakeD. tree47.A. searchedB. cleanedC. laidD. prepared48.A. second-handB. worn-outC. brokenD. new49.A. globeB. bagC. pianoD. chance50.A. com

47、pete againstB. put up withC. seek forD. make up for51.A. handsB. neckC. kneesD. waist;.52.A. whyB. whereC. howD. who53.A. replaceB. decorateC. repairD. improve54.A. surpriseB. honorC. wonderD. apology55.A. foundB. fetchedC. turnedD. changed56.A. droppedB. escapedC. lostD. noticed57.A. otherwiseB. or

48、C. butD. so58.A. happyB. redC. movedD. familiar59.A. valueB. rememberC. acceptD. remind60.A. weaknessB. seriousnessC. carelessnessD. loneliness第二节（共10 小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A rainforest is an area61(cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equal

49、ly through theyear. Rainforests have a great effect 62the world environmentbecause they can take inheat fromthe sun andadjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect 63(much) heat into the atmosphere, warmingthe rest ofthe world. Losing the rainforests may also influence win

50、dand rainfall patterns, potentially 64(cause)certain natural disasters all over the world.In the past hundred years, 65(human) have begun destroying rainforests in search of the three major resources:land for crops, woodforpaper and other products,land forraising farm animals, 66affects the environm

51、ent as awhole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People 67(obvious)have a need for the resources from cutting trees 68we will suffer much more than we will benefit.Rainforests are often called the world s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants inrainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their 69(medicine) value. It isextremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases 70(lie) somewhere in the world s shrinking rainforests.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35 分）第一节 单词拼写（