水管理系统中英

1、1. Introduction to water management2. Ecological Sustainable developments3. Natural Wetland Water Process4. The Raingarden5. Retaining wall water management 6. The stormwater treatment cycle7. Calculation considerations8. Catchment calculation Equation9. Applying calculations to Longdongbao site10.

2、Storage relationship for irrigation requirements1.介绍水管理系统2. 生态可持续发展3. 自然湿地水加工4. 雨水花园5. 护墙水管理6. 雨水循环再用系统7. 计算因素8. 集水计算公式9. 应用计算龙洞堡区域10.灌溉需水量储存关联1. Introduction to water management介绍水管理系统The intention of this document is to provide an integrated water management strategy which will allow for capturing

3、, storing and management of all water that falls on the site. The management process will be divided in to four sections:本文章主要介绍一个综合水管理系统. 将如何获取,收藏,和管理当地所有水资源.管理过程分为4个部分:1. Natural wetland自然湿地2. Raingarden雨水花园3. Wall runoff diversion墙面径流引水4. Ecological stormwater management生态雨水管理系统A total management

4、 system can be cost effective when implemented in its full capacity. Money will be saved by eliminating the need for road kerbing and traditionally over engineered urban stormwater pipework. In addition to the financial incentives, the environment will benefit with regards to pollution abatement and

5、 water quality for use on site and when leaving the site. 当一个整体的管理系统实施全面的能力时,它具有很高的成本效益.这笔钱将节省为街边石块与城市雨水管道系统的需求.此外,激励财政措施,将有利于整治环境污染和当地水资源的利用.The intention of the system is to provide the development with a water source that can be used for irrigation, recycling through the water features and potent

6、ial for incorporation into the residential toilet systems. This will reduce to zero the cost and reliance of an external water source for landscape maintenance and feature upkeep. 系统的意图，是为了发展当地所提供的水源，可用于灌溉，通过水的循环功能，导入住宅卫生间系统。这将减少到零成本,和依赖外部水资源用于景观的维护和保养.The wetland and raingarden treatment system sub

7、stitutes the expensive kerb-gutter-pipe solution typically used in civil infrastructure for an ecologically based stormwater management system. Stormwater runoff generated by this development will be retained and treated through a contiguous network of raingardens, infiltration trenches and stormwat

8、er basins in addition to the natural wetland corridor.湿地和雨水花园处理系统取代了昂贵的路边排水沟管的解决方案-通用的民用基础生态雨水管理系统。暴雨径流产生的这种发展将被保留，并通过连续治疗当地雨水花园 ，战壕和雨水渗透盆地之外的自然湿地走廊。There is a basic premise to the development with regards to the streets being designed to blend in with the landscape in order to calm the vehicular tr

9、affic while still providing stormwater management. Pervious pavement material allows water to percolate down through the natural ground surface to the underground water table or to migrate towards the perforated pipe network.在街道运用自然景观以减少车辆噪音干扰，同时还提供雨水管理。透水路面材料使水通过地面自然地过滤到地下水位或转移到穿孔管网。Ecological stor

10、mwater management solutions enhance water quality, dissipate peak stormwater flows to prevent flooding, provide erosion and sediment control and are not prone to the systemic failures common in civil infrastructure. 生态雨水管理的解决方案提高了水的质量，在高峰雨水流入时预防了洪水泛滥，提供侵蚀和沉积控制，而不会出现在民用基础设施常见的系统性失败。2. Ecological Sust

11、ainable DevelopmentEcological sustainable development, natural processes and man-made alternatives can help maintain the water quality of the Longdongbao project. Ecological Sustainable Development (ESD) has been described as:生态可持续发展，自然处理和人工替换可以帮助维护平天湖的水质量。生态可持续发展（ESD）是："Development that uses,

12、conserves and enhances the communitys resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained and the total quality of life now and in the future can be increased".“开发，利用，节约，使生态过程提高了生命所依赖的社会资源，保持了现在的生活质量，并在将来可以更加提高” Sustainable Design focuses on reducing the environmental

13、impact of a product during its manufacture, use, disposal or re-use. It uses strategies such as avoiding the use of toxic substances during production, minimising materials used, minimising energy or water requirements during use and designing for repair, re-use or disassembly and recycling.可持续设计的重点

14、是减少一个产品在其制造，使用，处置或再利用的过程中对环境的影响。它采用的战略，是比如避免在生产过程中使用有毒物质，尽量减少所用材料，尽量在使用中的维护，重复利用或拆卸和回收中减少对能源和水有所要求的设计。In this case we are focusing on lifecycle of water throughout the site form its origins through the useful life of every drop of water to the point where it leaves the site. We will begin with the o

15、rigins of the water that falls on the site, this is classified in three areas:在这种情况下，我们的重点是在这地方每一滴水的生命循环。我们把落到此地方的水分为三个领域：1. the water that falls on rooftops 落到屋顶的雨水Water that falls on the rooftops of all buildings will be diverted through traditional pipework into the underground stormwater managem

16、ent system which consists of perforated pipes to allow for groundwater recharge while still allowing for flow towards the storage tanks.落在所有建筑物屋顶上的水将通过传统的管道进入地下雨水管理系统，会设置穿孔管在此，既能保证地下水补给，又能考虑到储水罐的补水。2. the water that falls on the roads, footpaths and courtyards 落在公路，人行道和庭院的雨水Roads will have no kerb a

17、nd gutter but instead will be sloped to allow water to run directly into the adjacent landscape or raingarden, the water will then flow in the underground stormwater management system. 道路将没有道牙和排水槽，而是设计成斜面让水直接流到附近的景观或雨水花园里，水就会流入地下雨水管理系统。3. the water that falls on the landscape 落在植物上的雨水About 50% of th

18、e water that fall on the landscaped areas will be lost through infiltration through the earth to the groundwater aquifer reservoir, also vegetation will absorb through transpiration and evaporation. The remaining water will flow naturally toward the raingardens and infiltration basins to flow into t

19、he underground stormwater management system.落在景观上大约50%的雨水会通过土壤渗透到地下水层，也会通过蒸腾和蒸发被植物吸收。余下的水就会自然流到雨水花园，并且渗透过盆地流入地下雨水管理系统。When considering the lifecycle of the water claimed on site, we must then understand where the water flows once into the stormwater management system. 考虑到现场水的生命周期，我们必须了解水进入雨水管理系统的流向。

20、During peak flow the water will quickly flow towards the storage tank located at the lowest point in the site catchment area. When the flow is not at its peak, water will infiltrate into the ground to recharge the underground water aquifer which is essential to maintain the earths water equilibrium.

21、 The sequence of events that follows enables water to be captured, cleaned through filtration techniques and then stored for later re-use。洪量高峰期时的水将迅速流向集水区低处的蓄水池。当流量并不在其顶峰时期，水会渗入地面补给地下含水层以保持地球的水平衡。按照流程水被储蓄起来，并通过滤净化技术，储存后重新使用。Capturing the first phase of water treatment is to capture the water in the

22、initial holding tank, this area allows for separation of large pollutants through a gross pollutant trap. The water is held for a short period of time no longer than two days.集水-第一阶段的污水处理是捕捉最初落在蓄水池的水，通过垃圾网格分离大型的污染物。水储存的时间不会超过两天。Cleaning the second phase of the process occurs when the water is pumped

23、 from the holding tank through a filter to be cleaned of all pollutants and toxins. The most environmentally friendly filters are those that use reverse osmosis or sand filtering to remove pollutants and it is suggested that these be used in this project. 净化-第二阶段水通过过滤器从集水池被抽出，以清理各种污染物和毒素。最环保的过滤器是那些用

24、反渗透或砂过滤去除污染物，在此项目中我们推荐这种。 Storage the final phase of the water process is to provide a primary storage tank for long term storage of water for re-use and recycling. This storage tank will provide for up to 20 days of water requirements, Research suggests that 20 days of watering will last up to 40 d

25、ays if landscapes are watered once every two days. Research also suggests that this limit balances the water requirements with the size of the storage facility and cost involved in supplying the storage tank. 储存-最后阶段是提供一个作长期储水再利用和再循环的主要蓄水池。它将提供长达20天的用水需求。研究表明，如果每隔两天浇水，20天的浇水将持续40天。研究还表明，这一限制平衡了不同大小储

26、蓄设备的需水量，以及这些蓄水池所需的花费。Re-use the stored water will be linked to an automatic irrigation system that can be manually and mechanically changed to suit the daily condition in the development. Automatic irrigation systems are computerised and allow for slight changes according the watering requirements i

27、n each area which reduces wastage of water commonly seen when using standard hosepipe applications. 重复使用-储存的水将与自动灌溉系统连接，根据每天不同的需要可选择用手动和机械浇灌。自动灌溉系统是由电脑控制，它可以根据每个领域的需要在浇水中略有改动，这样可以减少使用标准软管时对水的浪费使用。Subsurface drip irrigation also reduce wastage by eliminating evaporation and can be located to effectiv

28、ely water specific locations more than others, for example, feature trees and planting beds that may require a more intensive watering regime. Stored water will also be introduced into the wetland system to allow for an inundation of fresh water into the wetland system. This will improve the health

29、of the wetland by providing a constant recharge of the fresh clean water into the system. 地下滴灌因为消除了蒸发也能减少浪费，而且可以为灌溉更有效地设定位置。例如，景树和植被床可能需要更精细的灌溉蓄水也将引入到湿地系统，使大量的净水流入湿地系统。这将通过给系统不断补充干净水来改善湿地的质量。3. Natural Wetland Water Process自然湿地水处理Wetlands 湿地Wetlands can be designed as part of the design concept of w

30、ater within the Longdongboa project. Wetlands aid in the removal of pollution and waterborne diseases and toxins. Usually wetlands are developed to improve downstream water quality and landscape amenity. They also provide recreational opportunities and create fauna and flora habitat. There are also

31、opportunities for stormwater harvesting, sometimes combined with aquifer storage and recovery and provide a degree of flood retention. Water plants or macrophytes, are the main building block of wetlands. Emergent and submerged species assist a number of biological processes that enhance water quali

32、ty. The plants add oxygen to the water and attract suspended solids from the water to the surfaces of the plant. Water plants also provide habitat for micro-organisms, invertebrates, fish and birds and provide surfaces to trap nutrients. When water enters the wetland the macrophytes absorb toxins be

33、fore the water moves onto a deep water zone where suspended solids settle to the base of the pond. This can be done several times over by having many ponds linked together ensuring an extra level of cleanliness. In large storm events an overflow system will divert excess water to the lower ponds as

34、to not overload the upper management ponds. Gross pollutant traps upstream of the wetland ponds will remove any larger litter from the system prior to entering the lake. 在龙洞堡项目中可考虑用湿地作为水系设计概念的一部分。湿地帮助去除污染和水生细菌毒素。湿地经常被开发来提高下游水的质量和怡人景观。并且还会增加娱乐机会和创造适合植物和动物的栖息地。并收集雨水，一些时候结合含水土层储存和恢复，并提供洪水保留的包藏度。水生植物或者大

35、型植物将是湿地的主要结构单元。露出水面植物和水声植物将通过生态处理加强水质量。 植物增加水中的氧气并且吸附水中的悬浮植物到表面。水生植物还可以给微生物，无脊椎动物，鱼类和鸟类提供栖息地并且提供吸收营养的表面。当水进入湿地时，大型植物会在水流向深层水区之前吸收毒素。当安装多个池塘连接一起时可以反复使用这种方法来确保更加干净。当遇到暴雨时，溢流系统会把溢出的水导向较低的池塘以防止给高级工作池塘增加负担。大的污染物在流入湖水之前在湿地池塘因逆流而被提前隔开。The wetlands structure and surrounding levels will allow for high storm

36、events, where large quantities of water will flow through the system without compromising the building foundations. A series of linking ponds will slow the flow of water allowing the natural process of filtration and cleansing to occur. The pond level will be controlled by a series of weirs that are

37、 incorporated into the design. The ponds will vary in size giving the water within the wetland a variety of depth and sized ponds for settling of suspended solids and toxin uptake from water edge planting. The level of the surrounding landscape will cater for an increased water flow during a storm e

38、vent allowing water to flow through the system quicker while still being filtered and cleansed as part of the wetland system. 湿地的结构和周围的标高考虑到频繁暴雨的时候，在不损害建筑基础下大量的水会流经该系统。一系列连接起来的池将使水流速减缓，让水在自然过程中被过滤和清洁。池塘标高由设计中一系列的拦河坝来控制。池塘将有不同大小的设计，使湿地中的水形成不同深度和尺度的池塘，这样可以使水生植物上悬浮的固体沉淀并吸收毒素。周围景观的标高将顾及在暴雨时增加的水流量，通过该湿地系

39、统，既能快速流过，又能保证过滤和净化。At the end of the natural water cycle the wetland system will be connected to the stormwater management system through a series of underground perforated pipes toward the storage tank, the water is then recycled back into the system to start the journey again through the wetland s

40、ystem to be cleansed and filtered on a continuous loop. 在自然水循环的最后，通过与储水罐接近的一系列地下穿孔管，湿地系统会与雨水管理系统连接。然后水再循环回到系统重复以上的过程，再次通过湿地系在持续循环过程中清洗和过滤。4. The Raingarden雨水花园The area adjacent all car parks and roads will have raingardens associated with them. A rain garden is a planted depression that is designed

41、to absorb rainwater runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs, driveways, walkways, and compacted lawn areas. The traditional kerb and gutter road edge treatment will be replaced with a flush kerb allowing water to run directly off the road into the adjacent raingarden and biofiltration swale. T

42、his reduces rain runoff by allowing stormwater to soak into the ground (as opposed to flowing into storm drains and surface waters which causes erosion, water pollution, flooding, and diminished groundwater). Rain gardens can cut down on the amount of pollution reaching creeks and streams or flowing

43、 away from the site by up to 30%. In this case we will include a pervious pipe laid below the base of the depression to allow for water to be collected and stored during high rainfall events as well as permeating into the ground. When a raingarden is constructed with a pervious pipe below it is comm

44、only called a biofiltration swale and is connected to the stormwater to allow for overflow during a major storm event.所有停车场都会有雨水花园连接其中。 雨水花园通过设计一个植被低点，来吸收城市中不能渗透的雨水部分，比如屋顶，车行道，人行道和夯实的草坪。这样减少了雨水径流，增加了雨水渗进地表（相反的，雨水流入雨水渠会导致水面腐蚀，增加水污染，引起水灾，和减少地下水）。雨水花园可以将溪流污染减少30%。我们在花园低点增加了可渗透管道排列，过滤后的水在渗进地下之前将会被收集起来。考

45、虑到暴雨情况下的溢水，雨水收集也与这些管道连接。Where space allows a larger basin will be incorporated into the raingarden therefore enlarging the area for water capture and infiltration during high storm events. Water will pool within the basins before seeping through to the underground water table and the underground per

46、vious pipework then flow through the stormwater management system to be stored for later re-use. 如果空间允许放置更大的盆地，将与雨水花园结合使用，以增加暴雨期的雨水收集。雨水在快速渗入到地下径流之前将集中在盆地里，然后地下透水管道流经雨水管理系统储存后重新使用。Infiltration trenches will be provided at regular intervals along the length of the raingarden to allow for larger quant

47、ities of water to flow into the underground pipework. These consist of a grated trench with direct access to the pipework for flowing onto the storage tanks. 沿雨水花园每隔一段将有一个入渗沟让大流量的水可以流入地下管道。这些包括一个直接管道的拦截沟，水将流入蓄水池。Typical raingarden adjacent road 典型的雨水花园相邻道路Infiltration system 渗滤系统Modified kerb layout

48、 改良的道牙布局5. Retaining wall water managementThe Longdongbao site is flanked by steep slopes with a dense cover of vegetation. The building layout will alter some the steep slope by impacting on the natural water flow that exists on the site currently. To mitigate this, the area adjacent the back of th

49、e buildings that flank the site will have high retaining walls to cater for the large change in grade. At several locations across the site the steep landscape outside of the red line boundary continues upwards and will shed its water towards the site making it vital that we control its flow. A netw

50、ork of conduits will be constructed at the top of the stepped retaining walls to direct water flow to distinct locations. The water will be directed towards management points that allow the water to flow down through the courtyards within a natural cascade and creekline between the buildings. The wa

51、ter will then become part of the waterfeatures, promenade features and visual amenities as part of the courtyard design. During high storm events water will flow entirely through the system toward the raingarden and biofiltration swale below to be collected as part of the stormwater management syste

52、m.在龙洞堡两侧陡峭的山坡，以茂密的植被覆盖。建设布局将改变一些现存的影响自然水流的陡坡。为了减轻这一点，附近的背面侧翼建筑，该地将有高挡土墙，以满足大变化的等级。我们将控制在陡峭地点以外的几个地点,包括景观红线边界向上的流通。渠道将建造在护土墙的上方，以独特的位置加强水流量。水将针对管理要点，通过自然的叠水和溪流线之间的建筑物使水流到庭院内。水流将成为水景的一部分，散步廊亭小品和视觉设施庭是院设计的一部分。作为雨水管理系统的一部分，水在暴雨高峰期会完全通过该系统流入雨水花园和生物过滤沼泽地进行收集。6. The Stormwater management cycle雨水循环处理A Storm

53、water treatment cycle conserves rainwater by collecting rainwater from the roof and road and storing it in a tank for later use as irrigation water.雨水循环处理是利用从屋顶和道路收集的雨水，并将之储备起来用于灌溉。In this case we are diverting water from the Stormwater channel through a gross pollutant trap where it is stored ready

54、 for filtering, the filtered water is then pumped to a large storage container ready to be reused in irrigation.雨水渠里的水通过污染过滤转移到雨水过滤器里，然后把过滤后的水储存到连接过滤器的蓄水池，用以重复灌溉。By reusing stormwater we are placing less reliance on mains water supply, saving money and the environment. By using this system we can en

55、sure that the water leaving the site is free from pollution that will eventually end up in the lake.循环利用雨水可以减少对自来水依赖，这样既节约预算又保护环境。用此系统可以确保水不受污染最后流入湖里。Definitions for each part of the process: 程序里每部分的定义：Stormwater: this is all rainfall that falls on building roofs, roadways, pathways and gardens and

56、ends up in the underground stormwater pipes and channels.雨水：指落在建筑屋顶，车行道，人行道和公园的雨水，并最终收集到地下雨水管道。Gross pollutant trap: is a net or diversion devise that captures any visible pollutants that flow through the stormwater channel, visible pollutants include plastic bottles, leaves, cigarette butts and all

57、 litter larger than about 1cm in size. This component of the system needs to be regularly cleaned out after rain events.污染过滤：是一种可以在雨水渠道中拦截任何可视污染物的网状物或者拦截设计。可视污染物包括塑料瓶，树叶，烟蒂和其它大于约1厘米的垃圾。此系统需要在下雨后定期清理。Filter: Filters out microbial bacteria and water borne toxins that are hazardous to healthy water. 过滤

58、器：过滤出对健康有害的微生物细菌和水生毒素。Storage: a large sealed concrete container to store the water ready for reuse as irrigation. This is located underground which helps to alleviate contamination. The size of the container is sufficient to supply 20 days of water, water quality check should be performed on a regular basis.蓄水池：是一个大型封闭式混凝土容器，来储存灌溉用水。 它被放置在地下以减少污染。池子的大小足够20天的用水量，并且需要定时对水质进行检测。7. Calculation considerations:计算需求The general cons