阅读理解技巧-猜测词义

1、1阅读理解技巧阅读理解技巧 - 猜测词义猜测词义 2 词汇（Vocabulary）是阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。 词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。 解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。 单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。 31. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义Example: The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks. They go from island to isla

2、nd in these light narrow boats and collect turtles eggs. 1. Jogging has become very popular in some countries. It is believed to be a good exercise for old people.42. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义 Example: If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city, you might have witness

3、ed a strange sight. You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback, saying something. 1.In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry. 53. 利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义 Example：Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur concho

4、logists, people who collect shells. 1. Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district. 64. 利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义 Example:Today young couples who are just starting their households spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refri

5、gerators and color TVs. 1.Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 75. 利用构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义利用构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义 Example: They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions. 1. We were told th

6、at ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it. 8如何在英语阅读中通过上下文猜词义如何在英语阅读中通过上下文猜词义 以定义为线索猜测词义以定义为线索猜测词义以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义 以列举的句子为线索猜测词义以列举的句子为线索猜测词义 以重述为线索猜测词义以重述为线索猜测词义 以因果关系为线索猜测词义以因果关系为线索猜测词义 以生词所在的前后文提供的解释或说明

7、以生词所在的前后文提供的解释或说明为线索猜测词义为线索猜测词义 根据普通常识、生活经验和逻辑推理推根据普通常识、生活经验和逻辑推理推测生词词义测生词词义 91、以定义为线索猜测词义、以定义为线索猜测词义1、以to be (是), mean (意指), refer to (指的是) 为线索猜测词义例 Ventilation, as you know , is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of engineering. 101、以定义为线索猜测词义、以定

8、义为线索猜测词义2、以“be defined as ”(被定义为)，“be known as” (被称为)，“be called ” (被称为)，“be termed ”(被定义为)等结构为线索猜测生词词义 例 A person or thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence, is known as a paragon. 111、以定义为线索猜测词义、以定义为线索猜测词义3、以定语从句为线索猜测词义 例 He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabb

9、its out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 121、以定义为线索猜测词义、以定义为线索猜测词义4、以标点符号为线索猜测词义 例 Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer. 132、以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义 1、or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词 例 The new

10、 tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. 142、以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义 2、like(像一样)， as。as(如同一样)，the same as (与相同)等也可作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词 例 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much short

11、er. 153、以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义 运用对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异 运用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面的词语互为反义 （but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead (of), rather than, nevertheless, nonetheless ,on the other hand, still, none the less, by contrast,

12、 on the contrary, in the end, compared to）例 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 164、以列举的句子为线索猜测词义以列举的句子为线索猜测词义 表示列举关系的信号词有: like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, specially例 Defined mos

13、t broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.175、以重述为线索猜测词义以重述为线索猜测词义 表达重述的信号词： in other words, to put it another way, that is to say, or ,that is, i.e. ,to be precise例 Before the main business of a conference begins th

14、e chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i. e. introductory) speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a few things by way of introduction. 186、以因果关系为线索猜测词义以因果关系为线索猜测词义 句子之间因果关系的信号词 since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, re

15、sult from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so.that, such.that例 Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.197、以生词所在的前后文提供的解释以生词所在的前后文提供的解释或说明为线索猜测词义或说明为线索猜测词义 抓住作者的思路，从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索例 An

16、other habit which can slow your reading is called subvocalization. In this case your lips do not move, but you still hear each word in your head as you read silently.208、根据普通常识、生活经验和根据普通常识、生活经验和逻辑推理推测生词词义逻辑推理推测生词词义 根据普通常识，生活经验推测词义 例 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what