运动系统总论osteologyThebonesoftrunkPPT学习教案

1、会计学1第1页/共39页The general discriptionThe general discriptionSection 1第2页/共39页第3页/共39页shaftUpper extremitylower extremityepiphysisepiphysismetaphysis第4页/共39页Epipysial lineEpiphysial cartilageEpiphysis第5页/共39页第6页/共39页第7页/共39页Lateral view of vertebraSuperior view of vertebra第8页/共39页Sesamoid boneSesamoid

2、bone籽骨籽骨Pneumatic bonePneumatic bone含气骨含气骨第9页/共39页Sesamoid boneShort boneLong bone第10页/共39页red bone marrowyellow bone marrowLiving bones include the following components:Living bones include the following components:bony substancePeriosteumbone marrowBlood vessel and nerve supplycompact bonespongy b

3、onefibrous membranevascular membrane第11页/共39页Long bone Articular surfaceArticular surface Periosteum Periosteum Compact boneCompact bone Spongy boneSpongy bone Madullary cavityMadullary cavity Bone marrowBone marrow Epiphysial Epiphysial cartilage cartilage (Epiphysial line)(Epiphysial line)11233365

4、54477第12页/共39页Irregular boneCompact bone (Outer plate)Compact bone (Inner plate)Spongy boneCompact boneSpongy bone (Dioplo) 板障板障第13页/共39页Metatarsal bones (Metatarsal bones (跖骨跖骨) )Sesamoid bones (Sesamoid bones (籽骨籽骨) )第14页/共39页Living bones are plastic tissues with organic and inorganic components T

5、he organic material gives the bones resilience and toughness; the inorganic salts give them hardness and rigidityThe physical properties of the bones depend upon the chemical component which change with age Normal adult: organic components / inorganic components is 3/7第15页/共39页约为约为3:73:7第16页/共39页1.1

6、.膜化骨膜化骨2.2.软骨化骨软骨化骨The Development of Bones(self-study)第17页/共39页Questions第18页/共39页1. Vertebrae (24)2. Sternum (1) 3. Ribs (12)4. Sacrum (1)5. Coccyx (1)Section 2第19页/共39页Vertebral bodyPedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根椎弓根Lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板椎弓板Vertebral foramenSuperior articular process (2)Inferi

7、or articular process (2)Spinous processTransverse process (2) 2+3=Vertebral archNotch in neighbour vertebral pedicle consist of the intervertebral foramen112223345677888第20页/共39页椎骨的一般形态椎骨的一般形态椎体椎体椎弓根椎弓根椎弓板椎弓板棘突棘突 1 1横突横突 2 2上关节突上关节突 2 2下关节突下关节突 2 2椎间孔椎间孔椎上切迹椎上切迹椎孔椎孔椎弓椎弓椎下切迹椎下切迹第21页/共39页 Anterior arc

8、h Anterior tubercle Transverse foramen Transverse process Vertebral foramen Dental fovea Posterior archB. Inferior viewInferior articular surface1122333344445566778A AB B第22页/共39页11227744336225第23页/共39页112345789107th cervical vertebra1.Vertebral body2.Transverse foramen3. Transverse process4.Vertebr

9、al foramen5. Superior articular surface6. Inferior articular surface 7.Spinous process8. Vertebral arch9. Anterior tubercle10. Posterior tubercle第24页/共39页The special characteristics of cervical vertebrae1.small Vertebral body2.Partly bifid spinous process3. Vertebral foramen is nearly triangular, la

10、rge4.Transverse foramenAtlas寰椎寰椎Axis枢椎枢椎Vertebra Prominens隆椎隆椎第25页/共39页1.Vertebral body2.Pedicle of vertebral arch 3. Lamina of vertebral arch4.Vertebral foramen5. Superior articular process (2)6. Inferior articular process (2)7.Spinous process8. Transverse process (2)9. Superior costal fovea10. Inf

11、erior costal fovea11. Transver costal fovea11222334567788891011991111Thoracic vertebrae第26页/共39页1.larger vertebral body2.Vertebral foramen is nearly circular3.Articular facets of articular process are relatively coronary4.Superior inferior costal fovea of the bodies5.Transver costal foveaThe special

12、 characteristics of thoracic vertebrae第27页/共39页Lumber vertebrae1. Vertebral body2. Pedicle of vertebral arch 3. Laminae of vertebral arch4. Vertebral foramen5. Superior articular process (2)6. Inferior articular process (2)7. Spinous process8. Transverse process (2)Superior viewLateral view第28页/共39页

13、1.Large, thick vertebral body is kidney-shaped2.Vertebral foramen is triangular3.The spinous process is heavy, rectangular and strong, posterior directions4. The articular processes are almost straight5. relatively sagittal articular facetsThe special characteristics of lumbar vertebrae第29页/共39页 Sac

14、rum & CoccyxAnterior viewPosnterior view1.Base of sacrum2.Promontory of sacrum3. Ala of sacrum4.Sacral canal5. Lateral part6. Anterior sacral foramina7.Posterior sacral foramina8. Transverse line9. Apes of sacrum10. Articular surface11. Median sacral12. Sacral hiatus13. Sacral cornu14. Intermedi

15、ate sacral15. Coccygeal cornu12345679101112131415第30页/共39页1. Jugular notch2. Clavicular notch3. Costal notch for 1st rib4. Manubrium sterni5. Sternal angle6. Costal notch7. Body of sternum8. Xiphoid process123457586866Anterior viewLateral viewManubrium sterniBody of sternumXiphoid process第31页/共39页True ribsFalse ribsFloating ribscartilagelNumbers: 12 pairelTypes: 真肋真肋假肋假肋浮肋浮肋肋弓肋弓arch 第32页/共39页真肋真肋假肋假肋浮肋浮肋后面观第33页/共39页Two ends: anteriorposteriorTwo border: SuperiorInferior Two faces: Internal External Costal groove第34页/共39页肋结节肋结节肋颈肋角肋角肋头肋结节关节面肋结节关节面肋沟肋沟上关